Menene jini? (Jini) Bari mu yi magana a kan wannan a sauƙaƙe!

Shin ka taɓa samun ƙaramin rauni kuma ka ga digo ɗaya ko biyu na jinin ja yana fitowa daga ciki? Wataƙila lokacin da ka yanke hannunka da takarda ne. Duk mun san cewa jini ja ne. Amma, menene ainihin wannan jinin? Wane rawa wannan jinin ke takawa a jikinmu? Wannan shine abin da za mu yi magana a kai a yau, kamar magana da aboki.

Menene jini kuma me yasa yake da mahimmanci a gare mu?

A taƙaice dai, jini yana da matuƙar muhimmanci ga rayuwarmu. Yana kama da fetur ga mota, jini ne ga jikinmu. Wannan jinin ne ke ɗauke da abubuwan da kowane ƙaramin sashe na jikinmu, wato, kowace ƙwayar halitta da kyallen jiki, ke buƙatar su yi aiki. Ka yi tunaninsa kamar sabis na manyan motoci da ke isar da kaya a ko'ina cikin birni.

• Yana jigilar iskar oxygen: Idan muka sha iska, iskar oxygen da ke shiga huhunmu jini ne ke ɗauke da ita zuwa ƙwayoyin halitta a cikin jikinmu. Ba tare da wannan iskar oxygen ba, ƙwayoyin halittarmu ba za su iya rayuwa ba.
• Yana samar da abinci mai gina jiki: Sinadaran gina jiki , kamar glucose, waɗanda ake narkewa da kuma sha daga abincin da muke ci, suna rarrabawa a cikin jiki ta hanyar jini. Waɗannan su ne abin da ke ba ƙwayoyin halittarmu kuzari.
• Cire shara: Jinin yana ɗaukar sharar gida ( kamar carbon dioxide) da ƙwayoyin halittarmu ke samarwa zuwa huhu, inda muke fitar da su. Jini kuma yana taimakawa wajen cire wasu sharar gida daga jiki ta hanyar gabobin jiki kamar koda da hanta.
• Yana Karewa daga cututtuka: Akwai ƙwayoyin halitta na musamman a cikin jini waɗanda ke yaƙi da ƙwayoyin cuta, kamar ƙwayoyin cuta da ƙwayoyin cuta, waɗanda ke shiga jikinmu kuma suna kare mu daga cututtuka . Yana kama da rundunar tsaro a cikin jikinmu.
• Hormones suna ɗauke da saƙonni: Hormones manzanni ne masu sinadarai waɗanda ke sarrafa kowane aiki a jikinmu. Ana ɗaukar waɗannan hormones daga wuri zuwa wuri a cikin jini.
• Yana daidaita zafin jiki: Jini kuma yana taimakawa wajen kiyaye zafin jikinmu .
• Yana dakatar da zubar jini idan ya ji rauni: Jini kuma yana iya sarrafa zubar jini ta hanyar hana zubar jini mai yawa daga ko da ƙaramin rauni, ta hanyar sa jini ya tsaya cak (haɗin jini) .

Ka gani, jini ba wai kawai ƙaramin ruwa ja ba ne. Wani abu ne mai matuƙar rikitarwa, mai ban mamaki wanda ke kiyaye rayuwar jikinmu!

Da me ake yin jinin?

Bari mu ga irin abubuwan da suka ƙunshi wannan abu mai ban mamaki, jini. Akwai manyan sassa biyu na jini.

1. Plasma - Wannan shine ɓangaren ruwa.

2. Kwayoyin jini - Waɗannan su ne nau'ikan ƙwayoyin halitta da ke shawagi a cikin jini.

Menene Plasma?

Ka yi tunanin, idan jini kamar salatin 'ya'yan itace ne, to plasmaKamar syrup ne da ke shawagi da 'ya'yan itacen da ke cikin wannan salatin. Amma wannan ruwa ne mai launin rawaya. Kashi 55% na jininmu ne kawai ke ɗauke da sinadarin plasma .

Jini (plasma) galibi yana cikin ruwa. Amma kuma yana ɗauke da wasu muhimman abubuwa da yawa:

• Sunadaran: Akwai nau'ikan sunadaran da dama, kamar albumin, globulin, da fibrinogen. Waɗannan suna taimakawa wajen daidaita hawan jini, samar da ƙwayoyin rigakafi don yaƙi da cututtuka, da kuma taimakawa wajen toshewar jini.
• Sinadaran Abinci: Abubuwa kamar glucose, amino acid, bitamin, da fatty acids da muka yi magana a baya ana jigilar su zuwa ƙwayoyin halitta ta hanyar plasma.
• Hormones: Hormones ɗin da ke sarrafa ayyuka daban-daban a jikinmu suma suna tafiya a cikin wannan jini.
• Electrolytes: Gishiri kamar sodium, potassium, da calcium. Waɗannan suna da mahimmanci don aikin tsarin jijiyoyi da aikin tsoka.
• Sharar gida: Ana kuma ɗaukar sharar gida kamar urea da aka fitar daga ƙwayoyin halitta zuwa kodan ta hanyar plasma.

Don haka, sinadarin plasma ba wai kawai ruwa ba ne, amma muhimmin sashi ne na tsarin sufuri na jikinmu, samar da abinci mai gina jiki, zubar da shara, da tsarin kariya.

Waɗanne nau'ikan ƙwayoyin jini ne?

Yanzu bari mu yi magana game da ƙwayoyin jinin da ke shawagi a cikin wani ruwa mai suna plasma. Akwai manyan nau'ikan waɗannan ƙwayoyin jini guda uku. Kowanne nau'in yana da takamaiman aiki.

1. Kwayoyin jinin ja / Kwayoyin jini - Kwayoyin da ke kawo rai ga jikinmu!

Waɗannan su ne nau'in ƙwayar halitta mafi yawa a cikin jininmu. A taƙaice, waɗannan ƙwayoyin jinin ja su ne abin da ke ba wa jini launin ja. Waɗannan ƙwayoyin suna da ƙanana sosai, faifan biconcave. Ka yi tunanin su a matsayin ƙaramin donut, amma maimakon rami a tsakiya, akwai rami a tsakiya.

• Babban aiki: Wani furotin na musamman da ake kira "Hemoglobin" a cikin ƙwayoyin jinin ja yana ba waɗannan ƙwayoyin damar ɗaukar iskar oxygen . Iskar oxygen da muke sha daga huhu yana ɗaurewa da haemoglobin kuma ƙwayoyin jinin ja suna ɗaukarsa zuwa duk sauran ƙwayoyin jikin. Hakanan suna taimakawa wajen dawo da wasu daga cikin carbon dioxide da aka samar a cikin ƙwayoyin zuwa huhu.
• Tsawon Rayuwa: Kwayar jinin ja guda ɗaya tana rayuwa na kimanin kwanaki 120. Bayan haka, suna lalacewa a cikin hanta da saifa, kuma ana samar da sabbin ƙwayoyin halitta.
• Ina ake yin su?: Ana yin jajayen ƙwayoyin jini a wani wuri da ake kira ƙashi a cikin manyan ƙasusuwanmu.
• Matsaloli: Idan adadin ƙwayoyin jinin ja suka ragu, ko kuma idan adadin haemoglobin ya ragu, jikinmu ba ya samun isasshen iskar oxygen. Muna kiran wannan yanayin "Anemia" . Sannan alamu kamar gajiya, faɗuwa, da wahalar numfashi na iya faruwa.

2. Kwayoyin Jini Masu Fari / Kwayoyin Leukocytes - Sojojin tsaron jiki!

Fararen ƙwayoyin jini sune manyan sojojin tsarin garkuwar jikinmu . Sun fi jajayen ƙwayoyin jini girma, amma adadinsu a cikin jini ya yi ƙasa da na jajayen ƙwayoyin jini.

• Babban aikin: Babban aikin waɗannan ƙwayoyin halitta shine yaƙi da lalata ƙwayoyin cuta (ƙwayoyin cuta, ƙwayoyin cuta, fungi, ƙwayoyin cuta) da ke shiga jikinmu, da kuma kare mu daga cututtuka . Suna kuma taimakawa wajen gano da kuma lalata ƙwayoyin halitta marasa kyau, kamar ƙwayoyin cutar kansa.
• Nau'o'i daban-daban: Ba nau'in ƙwayoyin jinin fari ɗaya kawai yake ba. Kamar yadda akwai rukunoni daban-daban a cikin rundunar sojoji, akwai nau'ikan ƙwayoyin jinin fari da yawa. Kowanne nau'i yana da takamaiman aiki:
• Neutrophils: Waɗannan su ne nau'in ƙwayoyin jinin farin jini mafi yawa. Suna yaƙi da cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta.
• Lymphocytes: Akwai nau'ikan lymphocytes guda biyu, B-cells da T-cells. B-cells suna samar da antibodies . Waɗannan antibodies sunadaran musamman ne waɗanda ke taimakawa wajen gane da kuma kai hari ga ƙwayoyin cuta. T-cells suna lalata ƙwayoyin da suka kamu kai tsaye kuma suna sarrafa sauran ƙwayoyin rigakafi.
• Monocytes: Waɗannan su ne mafi girma daga cikin farin ƙwayoyin halitta. Idan suka motsa daga jini zuwa kyallen halitta, sai su zama ƙwayoyin halitta da ake kira macrophages, waɗanda ke "haɗiye" da tsaftace ƙwayoyin cuta, matattun ƙwayoyin halitta, da sauran tarkace.
• Eosinophils: Waɗannan galibi suna yaƙi da cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta. Haka kuma ana iya ganin su a cikin halayen rashin lafiyan.
• Basophils: Waɗannan su ne ƙananan nau'in ƙwayoyin jinin fari. Suna fitar da sinadarai kamar histamine yayin da ake samun rashin lafiyan.
• Ina ake samar da su?: Waɗannan ƙwayoyin jinin fari ana samar da su galibi a cikin bargo. Wasu nau'ikan, kamar lymphocytes, suma suna tasowa a wurare kamar ƙwayoyin lymph.
• Matsaloli: Yawan ƙwayoyin jinin fari ko ƙarancinsu na iya nuna nau'ikan cututtuka daban-daban. Misali, kamuwa da cuta na iya haifar da ƙaruwar ƙwayoyin jinin fari. Ciwon daji ne na ƙwayoyin jinin fari.

3. Kwayoyin jini / Kwayoyin jini - Ƙananan jarumai waɗanda ke daina zubar jini!

Platelets ba ƙwayoyin halitta ba ne gaba ɗaya. Ƙananan gutsuttsuran ƙwayoyin halitta ne da ke karyewa daga manyan ƙwayoyin halitta da ake kira megakaryocytes a cikin ƙashi. Ba su da tsakiya.

• Babban aiki: Idan muka sami rauni a wani wuri a jikinmu kuma jijiyoyin jini suka karye, yana taimakawa wajen dakatar da zubar jinin.Wannan shine babban aikin waɗannan ƙwayoyin jini. Suna zuwa wurin da suka ji rauni kuma su haɗu su samar da wani "toshe" mai mannewa. Sannan su haɗu da wani furotin da ake kira fibrinogen a cikin jini don samar da gudan jini, wanda ke dakatar da zubar jini gaba ɗaya.
• Ina ake samar da su?: Ana kuma samar da su a cikin bargo.
• Matsaloli: Idan adadin platelets na jini ya ragu (wannan yanayin ana kiransa 'Thrombocytopenia'), zubar jini na iya jinkirtawa. Sannan, ko da ƙaramin rauni na iya zama da wahala a dakatar da zubar jini, kuma fata na iya kumbura cikin sauƙi. Wataƙila kun ji cewa wannan adadin platelets na jini yana raguwa a cikin cututtuka kamar dengue. Haka kuma, ƙaruwar platelets ko rashin aikinsu na yau da kullun na iya haifar da samuwar thrombosis na jini mara amfani ('Thrombosis').

Yanzu wataƙila ka fahimci cewa jini ba wai kawai ruwan ja ba ne, amma kuma abubuwa masu rikitarwa da ban mamaki da ke faruwa a cikinsa.

Me yasa jini yake ja?

Wannan matsala ce da mutane da yawa ke fuskanta. Kamar yadda muka riga muka tattauna, jini ja ne saboda furotin da ake kira haemoglobin a cikin jajayen ƙwayoyin jini . Wannan haemoglobin yana ɗauke da ƙarfe. Lokacin da haemoglobin ya haɗu da iskar oxygen (oxyhemoglobin), yana ɗaukar launin ja mai duhu. Wannan shine abin da muke gani a cikin jini a cikin jijiyoyin jini. Jinin da ke cikin jijiyoyin jini, wanda ke da ƙarancin iskar oxygen (deoxyhemoglobin), yana ɗaukar launin ja mai duhu kaɗan, mai launin shuɗi. Duk da haka, wasu dabbobi suna da jini mai shuɗi ko kore, saboda jininsu yana da sinadarai daban-daban waɗanda ke ɗauke da iskar oxygen. Jininmu ja ne saboda haemoglobin!

Shin dukkanmu muna da nau'in jini iri ɗaya? Bari mu ɗan yi bayani game da nau'in jini.

Wataƙila kun ji labarai kamar "Nau'in jinina yana da B positive" da kuma "Rana tana buƙatar O negative jini." Wannan yana nufin cewa ba jinin kowa ɗaya bane. Akwai wani abu da ake kira 'ƙungiyoyin jini' .

Ana tantance waɗannan nau'ikan jini ta hanyar sunadaran musamman da ake kira 'Antigens' a saman ƙwayoyin jinin ja. Manyan mahimman tsarin jini guda biyu sune:

1. Tsarin ABO: Saboda haka, akwai nau'ikan jini guda huɗu: A, B, AB, da O.

2. Tsarin Rh: Saboda haka, akwai nau'i biyu: Rh mai kyau (yana da Rh factor) da Rh mara kyau (ba shi da Rh factor).

Yawanci muna kiran nau'in jini ta hanyar haɗa tsarin ABO da Rh (misali A positive, O negative).

Me yasa waɗannan nau'ikan jini suke da mahimmanci?

Abu mafi mahimmanci shine a cikin ƙarin jini , wato, lokacin ba da jini ga wani, kuna buƙatar ba da nau'in jini mai dacewa. Idan kun ba da nau'in jini mara jituwa, wani abu mai haɗari (`Alamar zubar jini`) na iya faruwa a jikin wanda ke karɓar jinin kuma yana iya zama barazana ga rayuwa. Shi ya sa, ko bayar da jini ko karɓar jini, ana sanin nau'in jinin daidai kuma ana daidaita shi.

Me za mu iya yi don kiyaye lafiyar jininmu?

Kula da lafiyar jini, wanda ke taka muhimmiyar rawa a jikinmu, yana da matukar muhimmanci. Akwai wasu abubuwa masu sauki da za mu iya yi don taimakawa:

• Abinci mai kyau: Ya kamata ku ci abinci mai wadataccen ƙarfe (ganye mai ganye, jan nama, legumes), folic acid, da bitamin B12 (waɗannan suna da mahimmanci don samar da ƙwayoyin jinin ja). Tabbatar kun haɗa da kayan lambu da 'ya'yan itatuwa sabo a cikin abincin ku.
• Sha isasshen ruwa: Jini galibi ruwa ne (plasma). Saboda haka, yana da mahimmanci a hana bushewar jiki domin lafiyar jinin.
• Motsa jiki akai-akai: Motsa jiki yana inganta bugun zuciya da zagayawar jini.
• A guji shan taba da shan barasa mai yawa: Waɗannan halaye suna da illa ga jini da kuma lafiyar jiki baki ɗaya.
• Duba lafiyar jiki akai-akai: Gwaje-gwaje akai-akai kamar cikakken ƙididdige jini (FBC) na iya taimakawa wajen gano duk wata matsala ta jini da wuri.

Ku tuna, salon rayuwa mai kyau shine mafi kyawun mabuɗin tsarin jini mai lafiya!

Takaitaccen Bayani: Abubuwan da za a tuna

To, mun yi magana sosai game da jini a yau, ko ba haka ba?

A taƙaice dai, jini abu ne mai kiyaye rai wanda ke ɗaukar iskar oxygen da abubuwan gina jiki zuwa kowace ƙwayar halitta a jikinmu, yana cire sharar gida , yana kare mu daga cututtuka , kuma yana yin wasu muhimman ayyuka da yawa.

Jini ya ƙunshi ƙwayoyin halitta da ake kira 'Jan Blood Cells' , 'White Blood Cells' , da 'Platelet', waɗanda ke shawagi a cikin wani ruwa mai suna 'Plasma' . Kowanne daga cikin waɗannan ƙwayoyin halitta yana da takamaiman aiki.

Yana da matuƙar muhimmanci a ci gaba da cin abinci mai kyau, motsa jiki, da kuma nisantar munanan halaye domin kiyaye lafiyar jininmu.

Idan kana da wasu tambayoyi ko damuwa game da jininka, kada ka yi jinkirin neman shawara daga likita. Sanin jikinka shine hanya mafi kyau ta rayuwa mai kyau.

Ka fahimta? Ina fatan yanzu ka fahimci wannan ruwan ja mai ban mamaki da ke ratsa jikinka!

` Jini, Jini, Kwayoyin Jini Ja, Kwayoyin Jini Fari, Platelets, Hemoglobin, Rukunin Jini