Bari mu koyi game da cutar kansar parathyroid. Kada ku ji tsoro, bari mu yi magana!

Duk muna fuskantar ƙananan canje-canje da rashin jin daɗi a jikinmu lokaci zuwa lokaci, ko? Wataƙila ƙaramin kumburi ne a wuya, ko kuma yana iya zama kamar jin gajiya ba tare da wani dalili ba, ko jin ƙishirwa koyaushe. Kodayake yawancin waɗannan abubuwan ba abin damuwa ba ne, a lokuta masu wuya, suna iya zama manyan alamun yanayin lafiya. A yau za mu yi magana game da wani nau'in ciwon daji wanda ba kasafai yake faruwa ba, amma yana da matuƙar muhimmanci mu duka mu sani. Wannan shine ciwon daji da ke tasowa a cikin glandar parathyroid, wanda ake kira ciwon parathyroid , ko kuma `(Parathyroid Carcinoma)`.

Menene Ciwon Parathyroid?

A taƙaice dai, ciwon daji na parathyroid wani nau'in ciwon daji ne da ba kasafai ake samu ba wanda ke tasowa a cikin kyallen glandar parathyroid ɗinku. Galibi glandar parathyroid ɗinku suna nan a bayan glandar thyroid mai siffar malam buɗe ido a gaban wuyan ku.

Ba a rarraba cutar kansar parathyroid zuwa matakai huɗu ba (tsarin suna mai matakai huɗu) kamar sauran nau'ikan cutar kansa. Madadin haka, likitoci sun raba cutar zuwa manyan nau'i uku:

• Na gida: Wannan yana nufin cewa ciwon daji yana cikin glandar parathyroid ɗinku ne kawai. Wani lokaci yana iya yaɗuwa kaɗan zuwa ga kyallen da ke kewaye. Wannan yana nufin cewa ciwon daji har yanzu yana iyakance ga yanki ɗaya.
• Ciwon daji: Wannan shine lokacin da ciwon daji ya bazu zuwa wasu sassan jikinka, kamar ƙwayoyin lymph, hanta, huhu, ƙashi, ko pancreas. Tsakanin kashi 10% zuwa 30% na mutanen da ke fama da ciwon daji na parathyroid suna da ciwon daji ya bazu (metastatic) a lokacin da aka gano cutar. Wuraren da aka fi sani sune huhu, ƙashi, ko hanta.
• Maimaituwa: Wannan shine lokacin da ciwon daji ya dawo bayan magani na farko - yawanci bayan an cire glandar ciwon daji ta hanyar tiyata. Fiye da rabin mutanen da ke fama da ciwon daji na parathyroid za su kamu da wannan nau'in ciwon daji. Ciwon daji yawanci yakan dawo cikin shekaru biyu zuwa biyar na tiyatar farko. Duk da haka, wani lokacin yana iya dawowa bayan shekaru 20.

Mene ne waɗannan glandan parathyroid?

Yawancinmu muna da glandar parathyroid guda huɗu masu girman wake. Kamar yadda aka ambata a baya, waɗannan suna bayan glandar thyroid. Kamar glandar thyroid, glandar parathyroid wani ɓangare ne na tsarin endocrine. Wani lokaci, waɗannan glandar parathyroid na iya kasancewa tare da makogwaro ko ma a ƙirjinka. Wannan ana kiransa ectopic.Ana kiran glandar parathyroid da suna parathyroid glands, wanda ke nufin ba su nan inda ya kamata su kasance a kullum ba.

Babban aikin glandar parathyroid ɗinku shine sarrafa adadin calcium a cikin jininku ta hanyar samar da hormone na parathyroid (PTH) . Wani lokaci, ɗaya ko fiye na glandar parathyroid ɗinku suna fara samar da wannan hormone na parathyroid (PTH) da yawa. Wannan yanayin ana kiransa Primary Hyperparathyroidism (pHPT) . Idan aka samar da PTH da yawa, matakin calcium a cikin jininku yana ƙaruwa. Wannan yanayin ana kiransa hypercalcemia .

Mene ne bambanci tsakanin ciwon daji na parathyroid da ciwon daji na parathyroid?

Ciwon parathyroid adenoma wani nau'in ciwon daji ne mai sauƙi, wanda ba shi da ciwon daji a cikin glandar parathyroid. Duk da haka, ciwon parathyroid shine ci gaban ƙwayoyin cuta marasa ciwon daji a cikin kyallen jikinka. Daga cikin cututtukan da ke da alaƙa da glandar parathyroid, ciwon parathyroid adenoma ya fi kamuwa da cutar kansar parathyroid.

Amma ga muhimmin abu: A cikin waɗannan yanayi guda biyu, ciwon daji na parathyroid da kuma ciwon adenoma na parathyroid, glandar parathyroid ɗinku na iya yin aiki fiye da kima kuma ta samar da hormone na parathyroid (PTH) da yawa. Sannan, kamar yadda aka ambata a baya, hypercalcemia na faruwa. Wannan hypercalcemia na iya zama illa ga jikinku da lafiyarku. Saboda haka, maganin da aka fi amfani da shi don ciwon daji na parathyroid, da kuma adenomas na parathyroid, shine a cire glandar parathyroid mai aiki fiye da kima ta hanyar tiyata.

Ko ga likitoci, yana iya zama da wahala a gane nan take ko ciwon parathyroid adenoma ne ko ciwon parathyroid. Saboda ƙwayoyin duka biyun suna iya kama da juna, bayan an cire glandar parathyroid mai aiki fiye da kima ta hanyar tiyata, ana buƙatar ƙarin gwaje-gwaje don tabbatar da ko ciwon adenoma ne ko ciwon daji.

Menene hypercalcemia? Ta yaya yake da alaƙa da cutar kansar parathyroid?

Hypercalcemia shine lokacin da matakan calcium a cikin jininka suka fi yadda aka saba. Mutanen da ke fama da ciwon parathyroid sau da yawa suna kamuwa da hypercalcemia. Wannan saboda ciwon daji yana sa glandar parathyroid ɗinka ta yi aiki fiye da kima kuma ta samar da hormone parathyroid da yawa (PTH). Hormone na Parathyroid (PTH) yana daidaita adadin calcium a cikin jininka. Don haka, idan kana da hormone parathyroid da yawa (PTH), matakan calcium a cikin jininka zai ƙaru.

Hypercalcemia na iya zama illa ga lafiyarka da jikinka. Saboda haka, yana da matukar muhimmanci a magance hypercalcemia da cutar parathyroid ke haifarwa da kuma cutar kansar kanta.

Akwai nau'ikan ciwon daji na parathyroid daban-daban?

Eh, akwai manyan nau'ikan ciwon daji guda biyu na parathyroid.

1. Nau'in da ya fi yawa: A wannan yanayin, ƙwayoyin cutar kansa suna sa glandar parathyroid ɗinku ta samar da sinadarin parathyroid (PTH) da yawa kuma ta sake shi cikin jini. Wannan yana sa matakin sinadarin calcium a cikin jininku ya tashi.

2. Ciwon daji na parathyroid wanda ba ya aiki: Wannan kuma ana kiransa "ciwon daji na parathyroid wanda ba ya ɓoyewa". Wannan ya bambanta da sauran nau'ikan. Domin kuwa, mutanen da ke da wannan nau'in ciwon daji ba su da matakan sinadarin parathyroid (PTH) ko calcium a cikin jininsu. Wannan nau'in ba kasafai yake faruwa ba, yana faruwa a ƙasa da kashi 10% na masu fama da ciwon daji na parathyroid.

Da zarar an gano cutar kansar parathyroid, ana yin ƙarin gwaje-gwaje don tantance ko tana nan a wuri ɗaya , ko kuma ta yaɗu , ko kuma ta sake dawowa . Kamar yadda aka ambata a baya, ba a amfani da rarrabuwar matakai huɗu da ake amfani da ita ga wasu cututtukan daji don wannan ba.

Wa ya fi kamuwa da cutar kansar parathyroid?

Wannan ciwon daji yana shafar mata da maza daidai gwargwado. Yawanci ana ganinsa a cikin mutanen da suka haura shekaru 30 .

Yaya wannan cuta ta yaɗu?

Ciwon daji na parathyroid cuta ce da ba kasafai ake samunta ba. Ka yi tunani, tana ɗauke da kashi 0.005% ne kawai na dukkan cututtukan daji. Haka kuma, ciwon daji na parathyroid yana ɗauke da tsakanin kashi 0.5% zuwa 1% na dukkan cututtukan da suka shafi glandar parathyroid. Don haka, wannan ba kasafai ake samunsa ba.

Mene ne ke haifar da cutar sankarar parathyroid?

A gaskiya ma, har yanzu ba a gano takamaiman dalilin da ya haifar da ciwon daji na parathyroid ba.

Duk da haka, waɗannan yanayin kwayoyin halitta marasa wuya (wato, gado daga iyali) ana ɗaukar su a matsayin abubuwan da ke haifar da wannan ciwon daji:

• Ciwon daji na endocrine mai yawa nau'in I (MEN1)
• Ciwon hyperparathyroidism na iyali (FIHP)
• Hyperparathyroidism - ciwon daji na muƙamuƙi

Bugu da ƙari, idan an taɓa yi maka maganin radiation a kai ko wuyanka a baya, hakan na iya ƙara maka haɗarin kamuwa da cutar kansar parathyroid.

Mene ne alamun cutar sankarar Parathyroid?

Sau da yawa, alamun cutar kansar parathyroid sune alamun hypercalcemia da ke haifar da hakan. Alamomin da alamun hypercalcemia na iya haɗawa da:

• Bukatar yin fitsari akai-akai fiye da yadda aka saba (yin fitsari akai-akai)
• Jin ƙishirwa fiye da yadda aka saba
• Tashin zuciya da amai
• Kamar yadda aka sabaBa jin yunwa
• Maƙarƙashiya
• Jin gajiya sosai
• Jin kamar kana cikin damuwa
• Mantuwa ko rashin tunawa
• Ciwon tsoka, rauni, da/ko gurguntawa

Sauran alamun cutar sankarar parathyroid:

• Samun kumburi a wuya
• Sauti ko canjin murya
• Wahalar haɗiye abinci

Idan kana da ɗaya ko fiye daga cikin waɗannan alamomin, kada ka ji tsoron ɗauka cewa lallai ciwon daji ne na parathyroid. Ana iya ganin waɗannan alamomin a wasu yanayi da yawa. Duk da haka, idan wani abu makamancin haka ya ci gaba, ya fi kyau ka ga likita don neman shawara.

Ta yaya ake gano cutar sankarar Parathyroid?

Gano cutar kansar parathyroid wani lokacin yana iya zama ɗan ƙalubale. Ɗaya daga cikin dalilan shine ƙwayoyin cutar adenoma ta parathyroid da ta parathyroid ba tare da ciwon daji ba na iya kama da juna.

Sau da yawa ana gano cutar kansar parathyroid bayan an cire glandar parathyroid ɗinka mai aiki fiye da kima ta hanyar tiyata (wani "parathyroidectomy") sannan a sake duba kyallen. Wani lokaci, likitan tiyata zai iya gano cutar kansar parathyroid yayin tiyata.

Wadanne gwaje-gwaje ake yi don gano cutar?

Kamar yadda aka ambata a baya, sau da yawa ana gano cutar kansar parathyroid bayan an gano kana da cutar hyperparathyroidism ta farko , kuma ana cire glandar parathyroid mai rashin aiki sosai ta hanyar tiyata. Wani lokaci, likitan tiyata zai iya gano cutar kansar parathyroid yayin tiyatar.

Kafin a yi muku tiyata don cire glandar parathyroid mai aiki sosai, kuna iya yin gwaje-gwaje kamar haka:

• Gwajin sinadarin calcium na jini
• Gwajin PTH na jini
• Scan na Parathyroid - Wannan yawanci sikanin sestamibi ne na rediyoaktif da/ko sikanin CT.

Idan an gano cewa kana da ciwon daji na parathyroid, likitanka zai iya yin odar gwaje-gwajen hoto kamar waɗannan don ganin ko ciwon ya bazu (ya bazu) zuwa wasu sassan jikinka:

• CT scan (na'urar daukar hoton kwamfuta): CT scan yana amfani da X-ray da kwamfuta don ƙirƙirar hotuna masu girma uku (3D) na jikinka.
• Duban MRI (MRI - hoton maganadisu):Na'urar daukar hoton MRI tana amfani da babban maganadisu, raƙuman rediyo, da kwamfuta don yin hotunan jikinka dalla-dalla. Ba ta amfani da hasken X-ray (hasken rana).

Mene ne hanyoyin magance ciwon daji na parathyroid?

Babban hanyar magance ciwon daji na parathyroid shine a cire glandar parathyroid mai ciwon daji ('en bloc resection'). Idan ciwon daji na parathyroid ya bazu (ya bazu), likitan tiyatar zai iya buƙatar cire nama a kusa da glandar parathyroid ɗinku ko nama mai ciwon daji daga wasu sassan jikinku.

Ana iya amfani da waɗannan dabarun tiyata don ciwon daji na parathyroid:

• Gyaran jiki: A wannan aikin, likitan fiɗa yana cire dukkan glandar parathyroid ɗinku da kuma kapsul da ke kewaye da shi. Wani lokaci, suna iya cire rabin glandar thyroid a gefe ɗaya da glandar parathyroid mai ciwon daji, tare da nama, tsokoki, da jijiyoyi da ke kewaye da su.
• Gyaran Tumor: A wannan aikin, likitan fiɗa yana cire duk wani ƙari gwargwadon iko. Wasu ƙari ba za a iya cire su gaba ɗaya ba.
• Matsakaici: A cikin wannan, likitan fiɗa yana cire duk wani ciwon daji da ya bazu (ya yi kama da nama) zuwa wasu kyallen jiki da/ko gabobin jiki, misali, huhu.

Zan yi maganin radiation ko chemotherapy?

Ba a saba amfani da maganin chemotherapy da radiation don magance ciwon daji na parathyroid ba. Likitanka zai yanke shawara ko chemotherapy da/ko radiation sune zaɓin da ya dace da kai.

Akwai maganin cutar kansar parathyroid?

A halin yanzu, babu takamaiman magunguna don cutar kansar parathyroid. Mutane da yawa da ke fama da cutar kansar parathyroid suna nuna alamun cutar hypercalcemia. Saboda hypercalcemia na iya zama mai illa, likitanku zai iya rubuta muku ɗaya ko fiye daga cikin waɗannan magungunan hypercalcemia:

• Cincalcet (Cinacalcet - Sensipar®)
• Bisphosphonates
• Denosumab (Denosumab - XGEVA®)

Idan kana da alamun cutar hypercalcemia mai tsanani, likitanka zai iya ba da shawarar a kwantar da kai nan da nan kuma a fara shan ruwa ta hanyar jijiya (IV) da sauran magunguna.

Shin ciwon parathyroid na zai iya dawowa?

Eh, fiye da rabin mutanen da aka gano suna da cutar parathyroid na iya sake kamuwa da cutar kansa.Ciwon daji yakan dawo cikin 'yan shekaru - yawanci tsakanin shekaru biyu zuwa biyar. Amma a wasu lokuta, yana iya faruwa shekaru da yawa (shekaru 20 ko fiye) bayan an gano cutar da kuma maganinta na farko.

Shin wannan ciwon daji zai iya yaɗuwa (metastasize) zuwa wasu sassan jiki?

Eh, ciwon daji na parathyroid zai iya yaɗuwa (metastasize) zuwa wasu sassan jikinka. Tsakanin kashi 10% zuwa 30% na mutanen da ke fama da ciwon daji na parathyroid sun riga sun yaɗu (metastatic) a lokacin da aka gano cutar. A waɗannan lokutan, ciwon daji ya fi yaɗuwa zuwa huhu, ƙashi, ko hanta. Duk da haka, yana iya yaɗuwa zuwa ƙwayoyin lymph ko pancreas.

Mene ne alamun cutar ciwon parathyroid?

Hasashen cutar kansar parathyroid ya dogara ne akan yadda aikin tiyatar cire glandar parathyroid yake cikakke lokacin da aka fara gano cutar, saboda zaɓuɓɓukan magani na biyu kamar maganin radiation da chemotherapy ba su da iyaka.

Ga mutanen da ke fama da cutar kansar parathyroid waɗanda aka yi musu tiyatar cirewa kuma suna da raunin gani, adadin waɗanda za su tsira ya kai kashi 90% shekaru biyar bayan tiyatar farko. Adadin waɗanda za su tsira kuma ya kai kashi 67% shekaru goma bayan tiyatar farko.

Fiye da rabin mutanen da aka gano suna da cutar kansar parathyroid kuma aka yi musu tiyata don cire glandar za su sake kamuwa da cutar kansar. A irin waɗannan lokuta, cutar kansar yawanci tana dawowa cikin shekaru biyu zuwa biyar na farkon tiyatar. Duk da haka, tana iya dawowa shekaru da yawa bayan haka.

Za a iya hana cutar sankarar parathyroid?

Abin takaici, babu wata hanyar da aka sani ta hana cutar kansar parathyroid. Haka kuma, babu wata hanyar da za a rage haɗarin kamuwa da wannan cuta. Idan wani a cikin iyalinka yana da ciwon parathyroid gland, yana da kyau ka yi magana da likitanka.

Wadanne tambayoyi ya kamata in yi wa likitana?

Idan kana da ciwon daji na parathyroid, za ka iya yi wa likitanka tambayoyi kamar haka:

• Shin ciwon daji ya bazu fiye da glandar parathyroid dina?
• Mene ne mafi kyawun maganin ciwon daji na parathyroid?
• Menene haɗari da illar maganin?
• Shin iyalina na cikin haɗarin kamuwa da cutar kansar parathyroid?
• Zan iya sake kamuwa da cutar parathyroid?
• Shin ina cikin haɗarin kamuwa da wasu nau'ikan ciwon daji?
• Wane irin kulawa zan buƙaci bayan magani?
• Ya kamata in san alamun rikitarwa?

A ƙarshe, abubuwan da za a tuna

A gano cewa kana da ciwon daji abu ne mai ban tsoro. Amma ka tuna,Ƙungiyar likitocinku tana nan don taimaka muku da kuma nuna muku mafi kyawun hanyar magani. Duk da cewa tiyata ita ce kawai maganin cutar kansar parathyroid a halin yanzu, bincike da maganin cutar kansa suna ci gaba da inganta. Akwai yiwuwar ma a sami gwajin asibiti da za ku iya shiga. Don haka, kada ku ji tsoron yi wa likitanku tambayoyi game da cutar kansar parathyroid ɗinku. Tabbatar an bayyana komai ta hanyar da kuka fahimta.

Ciwon daji na Parathyroid, Ciwon daji na Parathyroid, Hypercalcemia, Hormone na Parathyroid, PTH, Alamomin Ciwon daji, Maganin Ciwon daji, Tiyata