Bari mu koyi game da glandar parathyroid ɗinku. Babban aikin da waɗannan ƙananan jarumai ke yi!

A yau za mu yi magana game da wasu ƙananan glands amma masu matuƙar muhimmanci a jikinmu. Wataƙila ba ku ji labarinsu sosai ba. Ana kiran waɗannan glands ɗin parathyroid. Duk da cewa girmansu ya kai na wake, waɗannan glands ɗin kamar jarumai ne waɗanda ke sarrafa matakan calcium a jikinmu. Bari mu ga menene su, abin da suke yi, da kuma matsalolin da za su iya haifarwa.

Mene ne waɗannan glandan parathyroid?

A taƙaice dai, glandar parathyroid ɗinku ƙananan glandar endocrine guda huɗu ne, waɗanda aka saka a bayan glandar thyroid ɗin ku a wuyan ku. Waɗannan glandar suna samarwa da kuma fitar da wani muhimmin hormone da ake kira Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) . Wannan hormone yana taimakawa wajen daidaita matakin calcium a cikin jinin ku. Shin hakan ba shi da mahimmanci?

Nawa glandon parathyroid muke da su?

Yawancin mutane suna da waɗannan glandar parathyroid guda huɗu. Amma wasu bincike sun nuna cewa wasu mutane na iya samun ƙasa da ko fiye da huɗu. Ba babban abu ba ne, komai yawansu, matuƙar suna aiki yadda ya kamata.

Me ke faruwa da waɗannan glandan parathyroid a zahiri?

Glandar parathyroid ɗinku suna da babban aiki ɗaya: yin hormone na parathyroid (PTH) da kuma sakin shi cikin jinin ku. Wannan hormone, tare da wani hormone da ake kira calcitonin (wanda glandar thyroid ke samarwa), yana aiki don daidaita adadin calcium a cikin jinin ku daidai. Ku yi tunani a kai, yawan calcium a cikin jinin ku na iya haifar da matsaloli, kuma ƙarancin calcium zai iya haifar da matsaloli. Don haka wannan tsarin yana buƙatar yin aiki yadda ya kamata.

Me yasa calcium yake da mahimmanci ga jikinmu?

Calcium ma'adinai ne mai matuƙar muhimmanci kuma gama gari a jikinmu. Kashi 99% na jimillar sinadarin calcium da ke jikinka yana cikin ƙasusuwa da haƙoranka . Sauran kashi 1% yana yawo a cikin jini. Duk da cewa wannan ƙaramin adadin ne, wannan sinadarin calcium da ke cikin jini yana da matuƙar muhimmanci. Shin ka san dalili?

• Jijiyoyinka suna buƙatar yin aiki yadda ya kamata . Ka yi tunani a kai, idan kana son taɓa wani abu, wannan saƙon yana ratsa jijiyoyin. Wannan yana buƙatar calcium.
• Taimaka wa tsokokinka su matse kuma su taimaka maka motsi . Idan ka ɗaga hannu ko tafiya, tsokoki suna aiki. Calcium ma yana da mahimmanci don hakan.
• Idan kana da rauni kuma kana zubar jini, taimaka wa jinin ya tsaya cak . In ba haka ba, ko da ƙaramin rauni zai iya zama babbar matsala.
• Zuciyarka tana buƙatar calcium don yin aiki yadda ya kamata . Tsokar zuciya kuma tana buƙatar calcium don ta yi ƙarfi sosai.

Kalli yadda wannan ƙaramin sinadarin calcium zai iya aiki! Haka kuma, Vitamin D yana da matuƙar muhimmanci wajen kiyaye matakan calcium a cikin jini. Domin jikinmu yana buƙatar bitamin D don shan calcium daga abinci. Muna samun bitamin D daga hasken rana, kuma ana samunsa a wasu abinci.

Ina waɗannan glandon parathyroid suke?

Ga yawancin mutane (kimanin kashi 80%), waɗannan glandon parathyroid guda huɗu suna cikin siffar malam buɗe ido a wuyanka, a ɓoye a bayansa. Yawanci, akwai glandon guda biyu a kowane gefen "fikafikan" guda biyu na glandar thyroid.

Duk da haka, wani lokacin glandar parathyroid ɗinku na iya kasancewa a cikin wuyanku, tare da esophagus, ko a cikin ƙirjinku (mafi daidai , a cikin mediastinum, tsakiyar ƙirji). Likitoci suna kiran waɗannan glandar parathyroid 'ectopic' , wanda ke nufin "a wani wuri na musamman." Kimanin kashi 16% na mutane na iya samun waɗannan glandar 'ectopic'.

Samun glandar parathyroid mai suna 'ectopic' yawanci ba abin damuwa bane. Duk da haka, idan ɗaya ko fiye daga cikinsu suna samar da PTH da yawa, yana iya zama da wahala ga likitanka ya same su idan ana buƙatar cire su ta hanyar tiyata.

Menene glandar parathyroid take kama?

Glandan parathyroid ɗinku ƙanana ne sosai - kowannensu yana da girman da siffar wake . Amma a wasu mutane, waɗannan glandan na iya yin aiki fiye da kima da girma.

Mene ne yanayin da ke shafar glandar parathyroid?

Akwai manyan cututtuka guda biyu da suka shafi glandar parathyroid: hyperparathyroidism da hypoparathyroidism . Bari mu yi magana a kan kowannensu.

Menene Hyperparathyroidism?

Wannan yana faruwa ne lokacin da ɗaya ko fiye daga cikin glandar parathyroid ɗinku suka yi aiki fiye da kima kuma suka fitar da hormone parathyroid (PTH) da yawa. Wannan yana sa matakin calcium a cikin jininku ya tashi sama da matakin da aka saba. Muna kiran wannan hypercalcemia .

Akwai hanyoyi da glandar parathyroid ɗinku za su iya samar da ƙarin hormones ta halitta:

• A matsayin martani ga wasu cututtuka.
• Idan kana da karancin Vitamin D.
• Idan kana da matsalar aikin koda, don taimakawa wajen kiyaye daidaiton sinadarin calcium a cikin jini.

Likitoci suna kiran wannan yanayin da hyperparathyroidism na biyu . Idan wannan tsari ya ci gaba na dogon lokaci, zai iya haifar da wasu matsalolin lafiya, kamar raunin ƙashi.

A gefe guda kuma, wani lokacin akwai matsala da glandar parathyroid ɗinka (wani abu da ke shafar gland ɗin kai tsaye) wanda zai iya sa su yi aiki fiye da kima, wanda hakan zai ƙara yawan sinadarin calcium a cikin jininka. Wannan shine abin da likitoci ke kira primary hyperparathyroidism .

Yawancin mutanen da ke fama da cutar hyperparathyroidism ba sa fuskantar alamun cutar saboda ana gano hypercalcemia da wuri, kamar lokacin da aka yi gwajin jini saboda wani dalili.

Duk da haka, a cikin lokuta mafi tsanani da/ko na dogon lokaci na hypercalcemia, alamun kamar:

• Yawan yin fitsari.
• Kishirwa mai yawa (polydipsia).
• Gajiya .
• Ciwon ƙashi.
• Ciwon kai.
• Tashin zuciya da amai.
• Maƙarƙashiya.
• Rage sha'awa.
• Mantuwa, baƙin ciki, ko kuma fushi .
• Ciwon tsoka, rauni, matsewa da/ko karkacewa.

Mene ne adenoma na parathyroid?

Adenoma na parathyroid wani ci gaba ne mai sauƙi/marasa ciwon daji , kamar ƙaramin ƙari, wanda ke tasowa akan ɗaya ko fiye na glandar parathyroid ɗinku. Wannan shine mafi yawan sanadin cutar hyperparathyroidism. Kada ku damu, ba ciwon daji bane. Yawanci, ana magance matsalar ta hanyar cire ciwon ta hanyar tiyata.

Bari mu kuma koyi game da cutar kansar parathyroid.

Ciwon daji na parathyroid kuma yana iya haifar da hyperparathyroidism na farko. Duk da haka, wannan ba kasafai yake faruwa ba . Ciwon daji na parathyroid yana wakiltar kashi 0.005% kawai na dukkan cututtukan daji. Haka kuma, waɗannan cututtukan daji suna wakiltar tsakanin kashi 0.5% zuwa 1% na dukkan cututtukan da suka shafi glandar parathyroid.

Menene Hypoparathyroidism?

Wannan yanayi ne da ba kasafai ake samunsa ba. Abin da ke faruwa shi ne matakan sinadarin parathyroid hormone `(PTH)` a cikin jininka suna raguwa. Wannan yana sa matakan calcium a cikin jininka su ragu - muna kiransa hypocalcemia - kuma matakan phosphorus a cikin jininka suna ƙaruwa - muna kiransa hyperphosphatemia .

Kimanin kashi 75% na lokuta na rashin lafiyar thyroid suna faruwa ne sakamakon lalacewar glandar parathyroid ba zato ba tsammani yayin tiyatar wuya ko tiyatar thyroid . Bugu da ƙari, ana iya haifar da shi ta hanyar wasu yanayi na kwayoyin halitta da na garkuwar jiki.

Sai dai idan tiyata ce sanadin, rashin lafiyar thyroid sau da yawa yana tasowa a hankali, don haka alamun na iya zama marasa sauƙi. Alamomin na iya haɗawa da:

• Ƙarar lebe, yatsu, da yatsun ƙafa .
• Ciwon tsoka.
• Jin zafi a tsoka.
• Ciwon ciki.
• "Hazo na kwakwalwa" ko ruɗani.
• Sautin zuciya mara kyau / arrhythmia.
• Farce masu rauni.
• Bushewar gashi da kuma busasshen fata da kuma fatar jiki.
• Ciwon ido.
• Rauni a cikin hakori (a cikin yara).

Me zan iya yi don kiyaye glandar parathyroid dina lafiya?

Saboda glandar parathyroid ɗinku suna da kariya sosai a bayan glandar thyroid ɗinku, ba sa lalacewa cikin sauƙi. Ba kwa buƙatar yin wani abu na musamman don kiyaye waɗannan gland ɗin lafiya. Duk da haka, akwai wasu abubuwa da za ku iya yi don taimakawa glandar parathyroid ɗinku su kiyaye matakan calcium na jininku cikin koshin lafiya:

• Tabbatar kana samun isasshen bitamin D: Vitamin D yana da mahimmanci don kiyaye daidaiton matakan calcium a cikin jini. Tambayi likitanka idan kana buƙatar shan ƙarin bitamin D. Sau da yawa ana iya samun wannan ta hanyar yin ɗan lokaci a rana da rana.
• Tabbatar kana samun isasshen sinadarin calcium a cikin abincinka: Rashin sinadarin calcium a jikinka na iya haifar da matsalolin sinadarin calcium a cikin jini. Tushen calcium masu kyau sun haɗa da madara, yogurt, cuku, kayan lambu kore, da ƙananan kifaye (wanda aka ci da ƙashi). Idan ba ka da tabbas ko kana samun isasshen sinadarin calcium a cikin abincinka na yau da kullun, yi magana da likitanka ko ƙwararren masanin abinci mai rijista.

Ka tuna, waɗannan wasu shawarwari ne kawai. Idan kana da wata alama, ya kamata ka nemi shawarar likita. Kada ka yi wa kanka magani.

A ƙarshe, abubuwan da za a tuna (Saƙon Ɗauka Gida)

Glandan parathyroid ɗinku ƙanana ne, amma suna da ƙarfi waɗanda suke da mahimmanci don kiyaye matakan calcium a cikin jininku daidai. Yawancin mutane ba sa ma tunanin su - ko ma jin labarinsu - har sai wani abu ya faru. Idan kuna da alamun yawan calcium a cikin jini (hypercalcemia) ko ƙarancin calcium a cikin jini (hypocalcemia), gaya wa likitanka nan da nan . Za su iya yin gwaje-gwajen jini masu sauƙi don gano musabbabin kuma su rubuta maganin da ake buƙata.

Sanin waɗannan ƙananan gland yana da matuƙar muhimmanci ga lafiyarka gaba ɗaya. Domin hidimar da suke yi a hankali tana da girma sosai! Ku kasance cikin koshin lafiya!

Kwayoyin halittar parathyroid , kamar calcium, hormones na parathyroid, hyperparathyroidism, rashin sinadarin bitamin D, da kuma hormones