Bari mu koyi game da sirrin da ke sarrafa sinadarin calcium a jikinka: Hormone na Parathyroid (PTH).

Duk muna da ƙananan manzannin sinadarai da ke aiki a cikin jikinmu, ba a gani ba, don kiyaye mu lafiya. Ɗaya daga cikin irin waɗannan manzannin shine hormone na parathyroid. A taƙaice dai, wannan hormone yana sarrafa adadin calcium a cikin jininmu. Me ya sa yake da mahimmanci? Domin calcium yana da mahimmanci ga jijiyoyi, tsokoki, da zuciyarmu su yi aiki yadda ya kamata.

Wannan hormone na parathyroid (Hormonon Parathyroid - PTH) glandar parathyroid ɗinmu ne ke yin sa. Waɗannan suna cikin wuyanmu, a bayan glandar thyroid. Su ƙananan gland guda huɗu ne. Babban aikinsu shine sarrafa adadin calcium a cikin jininmu . Ku tuna, ba calcium ne a cikin ƙasusuwa ba, amma calcium ne a cikin jini. Bugu da ƙari, wannan PTH kuma yana taimakawa wajen sarrafa phosphorus na ma'adinai da kuma bitamin D a cikin jini da ƙasusuwa.

Yaya hormone parathyroid (PTH) ke aiki?

To, yanzu bari mu kalli yadda wannan hormone na parathyroid (PTH) yake aiki. Idan matakan calcium na jininku suka ragu, glandar parathyroid tana fitar da PTH. Kamar na'urar firikwensin ne. Wannan PTH yana tafiya kuma yana shafar sassa da yawa na jikinmu don dawo da matakan calcium.

• Kashi: Da farko, ana ba wa ƙasusuwanmu ɗan sigina, suna cewa, 'Saki ɗan calcium cikin jini.' Sannan a ƙara ƙaramin adadin calcium daga ƙasusuwan a cikin jini. Wannan ba ya raunana ƙasusuwan, domin wannan tsari ne da aka tsara.
• Koda: Na biyu, yana shafar kodanmu. Na ɗaya shine kodan yana taimakawa wajen samar da sinadarin bitamin D mai aiki, wanda ake kira calcitriol. Wannan sinadarin calcitriol yana taimaka wa jiki wajen shan sinadarin calcium daga abincin da muke ci. Wani abu kuma shi ne yana gaya wa kodan su 'kiyaye sinadarin calcium a jiki, kada su fitar da shi a cikin fitsari'. To ba za a ɓata sinadarin calcium ba.
• Ƙaramin Hanji: Na uku, kamar yadda aka ambata a baya, bitamin D (Calcitriol) yana aika saƙo zuwa ƙaramin hanjinmu don ya sha ƙarin sinadarin calcium daga abincin da muke ci.

Haka PTH ke aiki don kiyaye matakin calcium a cikin jini a matakin da ya dace ta hanyar yin tasiri ga sassa daban-daban na jiki. Shin wannan ba hanya ce mai ban mamaki ba?

Ta yaya jikinmu ke sarrafa matakan PTH?

Ta yaya jikinmu yake sarrafa wannan matakin PTH? Haka kuma yana faruwa ta wata hanya mai ban mamaki. Ana kiransa da madauri na amsawa . A taƙaice, idan calcium da ke cikin jini ya ragu, glandar parathyroid tana motsawa kuma tana fitar da PTH. Lokacin da calcium da ke cikin jini ya ƙaru, yana nuna glandar don 'daina yin PTH yanzu, isasshe'. Don haka ake sarrafa shi. Kamar injin ne a cikin gida wanda ke kunnawa lokacin da ruwan da ke cikin tankin ruwa ya yi ƙasa kuma yana kashewa lokacin da tankin ya cika.

Duk da haka, wani lokacin idan akwai matsala da glandar parathyroid ɗinmu, wannan madaurin amsawa bazai yi aiki yadda ya kamata ba, wanda ke haifar da ko dai yawan PTH ko ƙarancinsa. A lokacin ne matsalolin za su fara.

Wadanne cututtuka ne za su iya faruwa idan matakan PTH suka lalace?

Yanzu bari mu ga irin yanayin lafiya da zai iya faruwa idan matakan parathyroid hormone (PTH) suka lalace.

Me zai faru idan matakan PTH suka ƙaru? (hyperparathyroidism)

Idan matakan PTH sun yi yawa, muna kiransa hyperparathyroidism . Sannan manyan abubuwa biyu suna faruwa:

• Matakan sinadarin calcium a cikin jini yana ƙaruwa . Wannan ana kiransa hypercalcemia.
• Matsayin phosphorus a cikin jini yana raguwa . Wannan ana kiransa hypophosphatemia.

Ka yi tunanin, PTH yana ci gaba da fitar da sinadarin calcium daga ƙasusuwa zuwa jini, yana hana kodan fitar da sinadarin calcium, kuma yana shan ƙarin sinadarin calcium daga abinci... sannan jinin ya cika da sinadarin calcium, ko ba haka ba? Wannan kamar bututu ne da ke toshewa kuma ruwa ya cika.

Akwai dalilai da dama da ke haifar da wannan yanayin, kamar:

• Parathyroid Adenoma: Wannan ba ciwon daji ba ne, amma wannan ciwon yana sa glandar ta samar da PTH da yawa. Wannan shine abin da ya fi yawa.
• Parathyroid Hyperplasia: Duk glandar guda huɗu suna girma kuma suna samar da ƙarin hormones.
• Ciwon Koda: Wannan yanayin na iya faruwa musamman ga mutanen da ke fama da ciwon koda na dogon lokaci. Domin idan kodan ba sa aiki yadda ya kamata, samar da bitamin D yana raguwa kuma fitar da phosphorus yana raguwa. Wannan yana ƙarfafa glandar parathyroid don samar da ƙarin PTH.
• Ciwon daji na Parathyroid: Wannan abu ne mai matuƙar wuya, amma yana iya faruwa.

Me zai faru idan matakan PTH suka ragu? (Hypoparathyroidism)

Idan matakan PTH sun yi ƙasa, ana kiransa hypoparathyroidism . Sai akasin haka ya faru:

• Ƙarancin matakan calcium a jini. Wannan ana kiransa hypocalcemia.
• Matsayin phosphorus a cikin jini yana ƙaruwa . Wannan ana kiransa hyperphosphatemia.

Rashin aikin thyroid (hypoparathyroidism) wata cuta ce da ba kasafai ake samunta ba. Yawancin lokuta (kimanin kashi 75%) suna faruwa ne sakamakon lalacewa ko cire glandar parathyroid ba tare da izini ba yayin tiyatar wuya, musamman tiyatar thyroid. Haka kuma ana iya haifar da shi ta hanyar wasu yanayi na kwayoyin halitta da kuma yanayin garkuwar jiki - cututtuka da garkuwar jiki ke kai hari ga ƙwayoyin halittarta.

Ta yaya za ka san ko matakin PTH ɗinka bai dace ba? Menene alamun?

Kamar yadda muka tattauna a baya, PTH galibi yana sarrafa adadin calcium a cikin jini. Don haka alamun da ke faruwa lokacin da matakan PTH suka yi ƙasa ko sama a zahiri alamu ne na ƙarancin ko babban matakin calcium a cikin jini. Bari mu ga menene su.

Alamomin ƙarancin sinadarin calcium a jini (Hypocalcemia):

Za ka iya jin abubuwa kamar haka:

• Hazo ko ruɗani a kwakwalwa . Zai iya jin kamar kanki ya rufe da hazo.
• Fatar ta bushe, farcenta za su karye cikin sauƙi, kuma gashin zai faɗi.
• Ciwon tsoka, musamman a ƙafafu da hannaye.
• Ƙara a lebe, yatsun hannu ko ƙafa.
• Abubuwa kamar damuwa da baƙin ciki suma suna iya faruwa.
• A cikin mawuyacin hali, ana iya samun kamuwa da cuta.

Ka yi tunanin, Niluka ta ji ɗan yatsu a cikin yatsunta, tana ƙara a bakinta, kuma naman da ke kan ƙafafunta ya fara ja. Ta ji ba daɗi sosai. Sai da ta je ganin likita ne ta ji cewa matakin sinadarin calcium a cikin jininta ya ragu, kuma dalilin hakan shine rashin isasshen sinadarin calcium a cikin jini.

Alamomin yawan sinadarin calcium a jini (Hypercalcemia):

Alamomin kamar haka na iya nuna yawan sinadarin calcium a cikin jini:

• Ina jin gajiya sosai, kamar ba ni da kuzari (Gajiya). Komai yawan barcina, gajiyar ba ta ƙarewa.
• Ciwon kai.
• Ciwon gaɓɓai da ciwon ƙashi.
• Bukatar yin fitsari akai-akai da kuma jin ƙishirwa.
• Abubuwa kamar ciwon ciki, tashin zuciya, amai, da gudawa.
• Yana da wuya a mayar da hankali, rashin tunawa, da kuma ruɗani a cikin kwakwalwa.
• A cikin mawuyacin hali, duwatsun koda da bugun zuciya mara tsari na iya faruwa.

Misali, Kawu Saman ya daɗe yana jin gajiya sosai, kuma gaɓoɓinsa suna ciwo. Kullum yana jin ƙishirwa kuma yana buƙatar zuwa banɗaki. Lokacin da likita ya duba shi, an gaya masa cewa sinadarin calcium a cikin jininsa ya ɗan yi yawa. Yana da hyperparathyroidism.

Idan kana da waɗannan alamun, ma'ana kana jin kamar matakan calcium a cikin jininka sun yi ƙasa ko sun yi yawa, to lallai ya kamata ka ga likita . Kar ka manta da hakan. Waɗannan ba alamomi ne masu kyau da za a yi watsi da su ba.

Yadda ake duba matakin PTH?

Likitan ku zai iya duba matakan hormones na parathyroid ɗinku ta hanyar yin gwajin jini mai sauƙi . Likitoci da dakunan gwaje-gwaje suna kiran wannan gwajin "PTH, cikakke." Hakanan yawanci suna duba matakan calcium, phosphorus, da bitamin D a cikin jinin ku don samun cikakken hoto.

Menene ƙimar yau da kullun don matakan PTH?

A cikin gwajin jini na yau da kullun na PTH, matakin lafiya yana tsakanin picogram 15 zuwa 65 a kowace millilita (pg/mL) . Picogram shine trillion na gram. Wannan yana nufin ƙaramin adadin yana yin wannan muhimmin aiki a jikinmu.

Amma abu ɗaya da za a tuna shi ne cewa waɗannan dabi'un na yau da kullun na iya bambanta kaɗan daga dakin gwaje-gwaje zuwa dakin gwaje-gwaje. Saboda haka, ya kamata koyaushe ku duba adadin da aka saba da shi na wannan dakin gwaje-gwajen a cikin rahoton gwajin jinin ku.

Idan aka yi maka gwajin PTH, likitanka ne zai fassara sakamakon daidai. Zai/za ta kwatanta shi da matakin sinadarin calcium ɗinka kuma ya gaya maka ko ana buƙatar ƙarin gwaji.

To, menene abubuwan da muke buƙatar tunawa daga duk wannan?

Hormone na Parathyroid (PTH) wani muhimmin hormone ne wanda ke sarrafa matakin calcium a cikin jininmu daidai. Wannan matakin calcium yana da mahimmanci don lafiyar tsarin jijiyoyinmu, tsokoki, da zuciya.

Idan kana da alamun hypercalcemia (yawan sinadarin calcium a cikin jini) ko hypocalcemia (ƙarancin sinadarin calcium a cikin jini), kamar matsalolin tsoka, canje-canje a aikin kwakwalwa, gajiya mai yawa, da ciwon ƙashi, yana da mahimmanci ka nemi shawarar likita ba tare da ɓata lokaci ba. Idan waɗannan yanayi suka ci gaba, suna iya haifar da lahani ga koda, zuciya, da ƙashi.

Likitanka zai iya gudanar da wasu gwaje-gwaje masu sauƙi don tantance ko matakan hormones na parathyroid ɗinku ne suka haifar da hakan. Idan haka ne, za su iya fara magani nan da nan. Wani lokaci ana iya magance waɗannan matsalolin da magani, wani lokacin kuma da ƙaramin tiyata. Don haka, kula da jikinka, fahimtar alamun da yake bayarwa, da kuma yin aiki da su shine hanya mafi kyau don kasancewa cikin koshin lafiya.

Hormone na Parathyroid, PTH, calcium, hyperparathyroidism, hypoparathyroidism, hypercalcemia, hypocalcemia