Menene hormones? Bari mu yi magana a kan wannan a sauƙaƙe!

Shin ka taɓa yin mamakin yawan abubuwan da ke faruwa a cikin jikinka ba tare da ka sani ba? Numfashinka, narkewar abinci, jin daɗinka da baƙin ciki, duk waɗannan ƙananan manzanni ne ke haifar da su. Muna kiran waɗannan manzannin hormones. Suna kama da saƙonnin sirri a jikinmu, suna tafiya daga wuri zuwa wuri, suna gaya mana, 'Yi haka, yi haka.' To, za mu yi magana game da waɗannan hormones masu ban mamaki a yau?

To menene waɗannan hormones?

A taƙaice dai, hormones manzanni ne na sinadarai a jikinmu. Suna yawo a cikin jikinmu ta cikin jininmu, suna gaya wa gabobinmu daban-daban, fata, da tsokoki su yi haka da haka. Ka yi tunanin idan jikinmu babban kamfani ne, hormones za su zama kamar manajojinsa, suna daidaita komai.

Shin kun san cewa masana kimiyya sun riga sun gano nau'ikan hormones sama da 50 a jikinmu! Waɗannan hormones suna da mahimmanci ga rayuwarmu da lafiyarmu. Tare, waɗannan da glandar da ke samar da su suna samar da tsarin endocrine ɗinmu. Wannan tsarin yana sarrafa muhimman ayyuka da yawa a jikinmu. Ga wasu misalai kaɗan:

• Tsarin narkewar abinci: Wannan shine tsarin mayar da abincin da muke ci zuwa makamashi.
• Homeostasis: Wannan yana nufin daidaito a cikin jiki (misali hawan jini, matakin sukari, zafin jiki).
• Ci gaba da ci gaba: Muna girma tun daga ƙuruciya.
• Aikin jima'i da haihuwa.
• Zagayen bacci da farkawa: Mukan yi barci da daddare mu kuma mu tashi da safe.
• Yanayi: Motsin rai kamar ko muna jin daɗi ko baƙin ciki.

Abin mamaki ne a yi tunanin irin tasirin da waɗannan ƙananan sinadarai za su iya yi! A yanayin hormones, ko da ƙananan ƙwayoyi na iya yin babban tasiri. Shi ya sa ko da ƙananan canje-canje a matakan hormones na iya haifar da manyan canje-canje a jikinmu, wani lokacin ma suna haifar da cututtuka da ke buƙatar magani.

To ta yaya waɗannan hormones ɗin ke aiki a jiki?

To, yanzu mun san cewa hormones manzanni ne. To ta yaya ake aika waɗannan saƙonni? Wa ke jin waɗannan saƙonni?

To, hormones manzannin sinadarai ne. Suna tasiri da kuma sarrafa ɗaruruwan matakai a jikinmu. Sau da yawa, tsari ɗaya a cikin jiki yana buƙatar gudummawar hormones da yawa. Kamar hanyoyin haɗin sarka, wani hormone yana aika saƙo zuwa wani, wanda hakan ke aika saƙo zuwa wani, da sauransu.

Yanzu, domin hormone ya shafi wani ɓangare ɗaya na jiki kawai, dole ne ya kasance "daidai." Wato, ƙwayoyin da ke cikin kyallen da hormone ke kai hari (zai iya zama wani ɓangare, zai iya zama kitse) dole ne su sami "masu karɓa" na musamman waɗanda za su iya karɓar saƙon hormone. Ka yi tunanin hakan kamar hormone maɓalli ne, kuma ƙwayoyin da ke cikin wannan kyallen da ake kai hari suna kama da maɓallan da aka yi don dacewa da wannan maɓallin.Kamar yadda maɓalli zai iya buɗe ƙofa ne kawai idan ya dace da maɓalli, haka nan hormone zai iya aiki ne kawai idan ya dace da mai karɓar sigina. A lokacin ne hormone ɗin ke aika saƙon da ya kawo, yana gaya wa wanda aka nufa ya yi wani abu. Shin ka fahimta?

Ko da yake yana iya zama kamar abu mai sauƙi, wannan tsari ne mai ban mamaki! "Maɓallin" da ke aiki ga kowane hormone yana nan ne kawai a wurin da ya dace. Shi ya sa hormone ɗaya yake yin abin da ake tsammanin zai yi kawai, ba tare da ya shafi dukkan jiki ba.

Jikinmu yana amfani da hormones ta hanyoyi biyu don sadarwa.

1. Hanya ta farko ita ce sadarwa tsakanin glandar endocrine guda biyu: Wani gland yana fitar da wani hormone, wanda daga nan zai motsa wani gland don canza matakan hormone da yake fitarwa. Kyakkyawan misali shine alaƙar da ke tsakanin glandar pituitary da glandar thyroid . glandar pituitary tana fitar da wani abu da ake kira hormone mai motsa thyroid (TSH) . Wannan TSH yana ci gaba da gaya wa glandar thyroid ya "saki hormones ɗinka."

2. Hanya ta biyu ita ce sadarwa tsakanin glandar endocrine da wani sashin da aka nufa: Misali, pancreas dinka yana fitar da wani hormone da ake kira insulin . Wannan insulin din yana zuwa ga tsokoki da hanta, yana taimaka musu su yi amfani da wani nau'in sukari da ake kira glucose .

Haka hormones ke aiki a cikin jikinmu. Kamar wata hanyar sadarwa ce mai rikitarwa, ko ba haka ba?

Wanene ke yin waɗannan hormones masu mahimmanci? A ina ake samar da su?

Manyan wuraren da ke samar da hormones a jikinmu sune glandon tsarin endocrine . Bari mu yi la'akari da wasu daga cikinsu da manyan ayyukansu:

Hypothalamus

Wannan gland yana cikin kwakwalwa, yana sarrafa glandar pituitary kuma yana samar da hormones kamar oxytocin (wanda aka fi sani da hormone soyayya).

Glandar Pituitary

Wannan 'ƙwayar halitta' da ke ƙarƙashin kwakwalwa tana samar da muhimman hormones da yawa, kamar hormone girma (GH) , kuma tana sarrafa wasu glands.

Pineal gland

Wannan hormone da ke cikin kwakwalwa yana samar da melatonin kuma yana sarrafa tsarin baccinmu da farkawarmu.

Glandar Thyroid

Wannan gland a wuya yana samar da hormones na thyroid (T3, T4) kuma yana sarrafa metabolism na jikinmu, wato, yadda muke amfani da makamashi.

Ciwon Parathyroid

Waɗannan glands, waɗanda ke bayan thyroid, suna samar da hormone na parathyroid (PTH) don kula da matakan calcium a cikin jini da lafiyar ƙashi.

Glandan Adrenal

Waɗannan gland, waɗanda ke kan kodan, suna samar da hormones kamar cortisol ( hormone wanda ke mayar da martani ga damuwa) da adrenaline (hormone wanda ke aiki a cikin yanayi na gaggawa).

Pancreas

Wannan gland a cikin ciki yana da alhakin samar da insulin da glucagon da kuma sarrafa matakan sukari a cikin jini.

Kwai

Waɗannan glands ɗin mata suna samar da hormones na haihuwa kamar estrogen da progesterone .

Gwangwani (Gwangwani)

Waɗannan a cikin maza suna samar da babban hormone na maza, testosterone .

Baya ga waɗannan gland, akwai wasu wurare waɗanda ba na tsarin endocrine ba ne, amma waɗanda ke samar da hormones:

• Nama mai ƙiba: Kitse a jiki yana samar da hormones kamar leptin , waɗanda ke shafar ci.
• Koda: Suna samar da hormones kamar erythropoietin, wanda ke taimakawa wajen samar da jajayen ƙwayoyin jini. Ana kuma kunna Vitamin D (wanda a zahiri prohormone ne) a nan.
• Hanta: Yana samar da sinadarin girma kamar insulin (IGF-1), wanda ke da alaƙa da girma.
• Gut: Yana samar da hormones kamar ghrelin da glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) , waɗanda ke sarrafa yunwa da sha'awa.
• Placenta: Yana samar da hormones don kiyaye ciki yayin daukar ciki.

Kalli wurare da yawa a jikinmu da ke samar da kuma fitar da waɗannan manzanni da ake kira hormones! Muna cikin koshin lafiya domin duk waɗannan abubuwa suna aiki cikin cikakken tsari.

Me zai faru idan akwai matsalolin hormonal?

Idan akwai rashin ko wuce gona da iri na waɗannan muhimman hormones, wato, idan akwai 'rashin daidaiton hormones' , alamu daban-daban na iya bayyana kuma matsalolin lafiya na iya tasowa. A mafi yawan lokuta, wannan yana buƙatar magani. Wasu daga cikin cututtukan da suka fi yawa da suka shafi hormones sune:

• Ciwon suga: Wannan yawanci yana faruwa ne sakamakon matsala da aiki ko samar da sinadarin insulin na hormone. Akwai kuma nau'ikan ciwon suga na Type 2 , ciwon suga na Type 1, da ciwon suga na gestational .
• Ciwon thyroid: Wannan ya haɗa da ƙarancin matakan hormones na thyroid ( hypothyroidism ) da kuma yawan matakan hormones na thyroid ( hyperthyroidism ).
• Zagayen jinin al'ada mara tsari: Wannan na iya faruwa ne sakamakon cututtuka kamar su polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) , rashin cikakken haila ( amenorrhea ), da rashin ovulation ( anovulation) .
• Rashin haihuwa ga mata da rashin haihuwa ga maza: musamman ƙarancin matakan testosterone a cikin maza (Hypogonadism (Hypogonadism).
• Kiba: Wannan kuma rashin daidaiton hormonal zai iya shafar shi.

Akwai wasu yanayi da yawa kamar wannan da matsalolin hormonal ke haifarwa. Saboda haka, yana da matukar muhimmanci a kula da duk wani abu da ba a saba gani ba ko kuma daban a jikinka.

Me yasa waɗannan rashin daidaiton hormones ke faruwa?

Akwai dalilai da yawa da ke haifar da kowace matsala ta hormonal. Amma gabaɗaya, ga wasu daga cikin manyan dalilan da ke haifar da rashin daidaiton hormones:

• Ciwon daji, adenomas, ko wasu ci gaba: Wani lokaci waɗannan na iya tasowa a cikin ko kusa da glandar endocrine kuma suna shafar samar da hormones.
• Lalacewa ko rauni ga glandar endocrine.
• Yanayin garkuwar jiki: Wannan shine lokacin da garkuwar jikinmu ke kai hari ga glandar endocrine ɗinmu.
• Sauye-sauyen kwayoyin halitta na gado: Wani lokaci matsalolin hormonal na iya faruwa ne sakamakon canje-canjen kwayoyin halitta da ke faruwa a lokacin haihuwa.

Baya ga wannan, abubuwa kamar wasu magunguna, damuwa mai tsanani, ƙarancin abinci mai gina jiki, da tsufa suma na iya shafar matakan hormones.

Wa ke kula da rashin lafiya da ke da alaƙa da hormones?

Idan kana ganin kana da matsalar hormones, ya kamata ka fara ganin likitan iyalinka (babban mai kula da lafiya/GP) . Zai iya gano da kuma magance matsalolin hormones da yawa kuma ya taimaka maka ka shawo kansu.

Duk da haka, wani lokacin za ku iya amfana sosai daga ganin likitan endocrinologist . Likitan endocrinologist likita ne wanda ya ƙware a cututtukan da suka shafi hormones (endocrinology) . Zai iya gano waɗannan cututtukan da suka shafi hormones, ya tsara tsare-tsaren magani, da kuma rubuta magunguna idan ya cancanta. Don haka, idan likitan iyali ya ga ya zama dole, zai tura ku zuwa ga likitan endocrinologist.

To, menene mafi mahimmancin abin da za a tuna daga abin da muka tattauna a yau?

A taƙaice dai, hormones suna da matuƙar muhimmanci ga rayuwarmu. Jikinmu yakan yi ƙoƙarin kiyaye daidaiton waɗannan hormones ɗin sosai. Duk da haka, idan saboda wani dalili hormone ya yi ƙasa ko ya yi yawa, zai iya haifar da matsalolin lafiya .

Saboda haka, idan ka lura da wata alama ko canje-canje a jikinka, kada ka yi watsi da ita. Tabbas ka ga likita ka yi magana a kai. Sannan zai iya yin gwaje-gwajen da suka dace don ganin ko da gaske kana da rashin daidaiton hormones, ko kuma akwai wani dalili a bayan waɗannan alamun. Idan ka gano su da wuri, za a iya magance matsaloli da yawa cikin sauƙi. Idan muna son mu kasance cikin koshin lafiya, yana da matuƙar muhimmanci mu san waɗannan ƙananan manzannin, ko ba haka ba?

`Hormones, Tsarin endocrine, Rashin daidaiton hormone, Ciwon suga, Thyroid, Lafiya