Labarin Abin Mamaki na Kunnen Mu (Anatomy da Aikin Kunnen)

A yau za mu yi magana game da wata gabar jiki mai ban mamaki da muhimmanci a jikinmu. Wannan shine kunnuwanmu. Kawai ka yi tunani, abubuwa nawa muke yi da waɗannan ƙananan kunnuwa biyu! Sauraron waƙa mai daɗi, yin magana da aboki, jin sautin tsuntsu mai daɗi da safe... Kunnuwanmu suna taimaka mana da duk wannan. To, menene ke cikin waɗannan kunnuwa biyu? Ta yaya suke aiki daidai? Bari mu yi magana game da duk wannan a sauƙaƙe, ta hanyar da za ku iya fahimta.

Menene gwangwani? Menene ainihin aikinsa?

A taƙaice dai, kunne wani sashe ne da ke taimaka mana jin sautuka . Ba wai kawai haka ba, kunnen yana taimaka mana mu kiyaye daidaitonmu . Shin ba abin mamaki ba ne? Haka ne, akwai wani muhimmin ɓangare a cikin kunne wanda ke taimaka maka ka tsaya a tsaye lokacin da kake tsaye, tafiya, da gudu. Don yin waɗannan abubuwa guda biyu, kunnen ya rabu zuwa sassa uku. Waɗannan sassan suna aiki tare kamar ƙaramin rukuni don ɗaukar sauti da aika shi zuwa kwakwalwa. Bari mu kalli kowane sashe daban-daban.

Akwai sassa uku a kunne! Za mu duba dalla-dalla?

Kunnen mu ya ƙunshi sassa uku. Su ne: 1. Kunnen Waje 2. Kunnen Tsakiya 3. Kunnen Ciki Kowanne daga cikin waɗannan sassan yana da takamaiman aiki.

1. Kunnen Waje: Ƙofar farko ta yin sauti

Kunnen waje shine ɓangaren kunnen da muke iya gani daga waje. Hakanan yana da manyan sassa da yawa.

• Maƙallin kunne ko kunne:

Wannan shine ɓangaren kunnen da za ku iya gani da taɓawa. An yi shi da guringuntsi da kuma wani nama mai laushi da ake kira guringuntsi a ciki. Dutsen kunne yana da siffa ta musamman. Yana aiki kamar rami. Wato, babban aikin dutsen kunne shine tattara raƙuman sauti daga kewaye da ku kuma ya tura su zuwa cikin kunne. Ka yi tunanin, lokacin da wani yake magana da kai, kamar yana shirya hanya don sautin ya shiga kunne kai tsaye.

• Magudanar kunne ko Magudanar ji:

Raƙuman sauti da dutsen kunne ke tattarawa sannan su ratsa ta hanyar magudanar ji. Wannan kamar ƙaramin bututu ne. Wannan bututun yana ƙarewa a magudanar ji. Ƙwayoyin cuta na musamman a cikin magudanar ji suna samar da wani abu da ake kira kakin kunne ko cerumen .

Kakin kunne ba wai kawai wani nau'in datti ba ne. Yana ba da kariya mai kyau ga kunnuwanmu. Yana hana abubuwa kamar ƙura da ƙwayoyin cuta shiga kunne. Hakanan yana rage bushewar fata a kunne. Kakin kunne yana fitowa daga kunne a hankali da kansa. Saboda haka , ba kyakkyawan ra'ayi ba ne a ci gaba da zage-zagen kunnuwa.

• Kunnen kunne (Kunnen kunne ko kuma 'Tympanic Membrane'):

A ƙarshen bututun ji akwai wani siririn membrane. Yana kama da fatar ganga. Wannan ana kiransa da dodon kunne. Lokacin da raƙuman sauti daga waje suka bugi wannan dodon kunne, sai ya fara rawar jiki . Wannan dodon kunne shine iyaka tsakanin kunnen waje da kunnen tsakiya.

2. Tsakiyar Kunne: Ƙaramar na'ura ce da ke ƙara sauti.

A ɗayan gefen akwatin kunne akwai kunnen tsakiya. Kamar ƙaramin ɗaki ne da iska ke cika. Babban aikin kunnen tsakiya shine ƙara girgizar da ke fitowa daga akwatin kunne da kuma aika su zuwa kunnen ciki. Akwai wasu abubuwa masu ban mamaki a nan waɗanda ke taimakawa wajen wannan.

• Kasusuwan ji (Ossicles):

Waɗannan su ne ƙasusuwa uku mafi ƙanƙanta a jikinmu. Su ne:

• Malleus (guduma)
• Incus (Anvil)
• Tapes (maƙallan abubuwa)

Waɗannan ƙasusuwa uku suna da alaƙa da juna, suna aiki kamar ƙaramin tsarin lever. Idan ƙaramin kunne ya yi rawar jiki, membrane na tympanic zai fara rawar jiki. Daga nan, girgizar tana tafiya zuwa ga ossicles, kuma daga ossicles zuwa ga auricle. Yayin da girgizar ke tafiya ta wannan hanyar, ƙarfinta yana ƙaruwa sosai.

• Jirgin Ruwa na Eustachian:

Akwai ƙaramin bututu wanda ke haɗa kunnen tsakiya da bayan makogwaronmu. Wannan ana kiransa bututun ji. Babban aikinsa shine daidaita matsin lamba na iska a ɓangarorin biyu na dodon kunne. Ka yi tunanin lokacin da kake hawa dutse ko tashi a cikin jirgin sama, kunnuwanka suna jin kamar suna rufewa. Idan muka yi hamma ko haɗiye, wannan jin yana ɓacewa. Sannan wannan bututun ji yana buɗewa, kuma matsin lamba a kunnen tsakiya yana daidai da matsin lamba na waje. Ɗaya daga cikin dalilan da yasa yara ƙanana ke kamuwa da cututtukan kunne shine bututun ji nasu ɗan gajere ne kuma a kwance, don haka ƙwayoyin cuta daga makogwaro za su iya shiga kunnen tsakiya cikin sauƙi.

3. Kunnen Ciki: Aiki mai matuƙar rikitarwa, mai ban mamaki!

Girgizar da aka ƙara daga kunnen tsakiya sannan ta ratsa zuwa kunnen ciki. Wannan shine ɓangaren kunne mafi rikitarwa . Akwai manyan tsare-tsare guda biyu a nan: ɗaya yana da alaƙa da ji, ɗayan kuma yana da alaƙa da daidaito.

• Cochlea:

Wannan tsari ne na ƙashi mai siffar harsashin katantanwa. Yana cike da ruwa. Haka kuma, dubban ƙwayoyin gashi masu kyau an shirya su a jere a ciki. Lokacin da ƙwayoyin suka yi rawar jiki, waɗannan girgiza suna tafiya ta cikin ruwan da ke cikin cochlea. Sannan wannan ruwan yana motsawa, kuma waɗannan ƙwayoyin gashi suna fara lanƙwasawa. Abin mamaki, lokacin da waɗannan ƙwayoyin gashi suka lanƙwasa, waɗannan girgizar sauti suna canzawa zuwa siginar lantarki !

• Jijiyoyin Ji:

Siginar lantarki da waɗannan ƙwayoyin gashi ke samarwa suna tafiya ta cikin jijiyar ji zuwa kwakwalwarmu. Kwakwalwa ce ke nazarin waɗannan siginar kuma tana sa mu fahimci abubuwa kamar, "Kai, wannan waƙa ce," "Wannan Mama ce ke magana," da sauransu.

• Tsarin da ke sarrafa daidaito (Vestibular System):

Kunnen ciki kuma gida ne ga sashin jikinmu wanda ke kula da daidaitonmu. Wannan ana kiransa da hanyoyin shiga tsakiya.Kuma wasu sifofi masu laushi suna cikinsa. Lokacin da kake motsa kanka, lokacin da kake motsa jikinka daga gefe zuwa gefe, wannan tsarin yana gano waɗannan motsin kuma yana aika su zuwa kwakwalwa. Dangane da waɗannan saƙonnin, kwakwalwa tana sarrafa tsokoki a jikinmu kuma tana hana mu faɗuwa. Idan wani lokacin kana jin jiri (`(Vertigo)`), yana iya zama saboda wata matsala da tsarin daidaitawa a cikin kunnen ciki.

Ta yaya muke jin sauti a zahiri? Takaitaccen bayani

Yanzu da ka fahimci sassan kunne sosai, bari mu kalli yadda muke jin sauti mataki-mataki: 1. Raƙuman sauti suna ratsawa ta cikin eardle (membrane na tympanic), wanda ke girgiza . 3. Waɗannan raƙuman suna ƙaruwa yayin da suke ratsa ƙananan ƙasusuwa uku a tsakiyar kunne (osicles, stapes, da auricle). 4. Raƙuman da aka ƙara suna shiga cikin cochlea (kunnen ciki). 5. Ruwan da ke cikin cochlea yana girgiza, yana sa ƙwayoyin gashi su lanƙwasa. 6. Lokacin da ƙwayoyin gashi suka lanƙwasa, girgizar sauti tana canzawa zuwa siginar lantarki . 7. Waɗannan siginar lantarki suna ratsa ta jijiyar ji zuwa kwakwalwa. 8. Kwakwalwa tana fassara waɗannan siginar kuma tana gaya mana menene sautin.

Shin ba wani tsari ne mai ban mamaki ba? Duk wannan yana faruwa cikin daƙiƙa kaɗan!

Matsalolin Kunne da Aka Fi Sani

Komai yadda kunnuwanmu ke aiki da kyau, wani lokacin ƙananan cututtuka da matsaloli na iya faruwa. Bari mu koyi game da kaɗan daga cikinsu a cikin sauƙi.

• Cututtukan kunne:
• Ciwon kunne na waje (`Otitis Externa`): Wanda kuma aka sani da "Swimmer's Ear", wannan kamuwa ne da fata a cikin hanyar kunne. Yana iya faruwa a cikin mutanen da ke yawan yin iyo ko kuma suna barin kunnuwansu su jike. Akwai iya samun ciwo, ƙaiƙayi, da kuma yiwuwar fitar da ruwa daga kunne.
• Ciwon kunne na tsakiya (`Otitis Media`): Wannan shine mafi yawan kamuwa da kunne a cikin yara ƙanana. Yana iya faruwa da mura da cututtukan makogwaro. Yana faruwa ne lokacin da bututun Eustachian ya toshe kuma ƙwayoyin cuta suka taruwa a tsakiyar kunne. Akwai yiwuwar samun ciwon kunne mai tsanani, zazzabi, da kuma wani lokacin maƙarƙashiya da ke fitowa daga kunne.

• Tsarin kakin kunne:

Kakin kunne wani abu ne mai kariya ga kunne, amma ga wasu mutane, kakin kunne na iya girma da yawa, ko kuma ya makale a cikin kunne kamar dunkule maimakon fitowa. Wannan na iya sa kunne ya ji nauyi, ya rage ji, kuma wani lokacin yana haifar da jiri.

• Ƙara a cikin kunnuwa ('Tinnitus'):

Tinnitus shine jin sautin ƙara ko ƙara a cikin kunnuwanka, koda kuwa babu wani sauti a kusa da kai. Akwai dalilai da yawa da ke haifar da hakan. Fuskantar hayaniya mai ƙarfi, tsufa, wasu cututtuka, da wasu magunguna suma na iya zama sanadin hakan.

• Rashin Ji:

Rashin ji na iya faruwa a hankali ko kuma ba zato ba tsammani. Akwai dalilai da yawa da ke haifar da hakan. Rashin ji na iya faruwa ta halitta yayin tsufa. Hakanan ana iya haifar da shi ta hanyar abubuwa kamar ci gaba da fallasa ga hayaniya mai ƙarfi, cututtukan kunne marasa magani, wasu abubuwan da suka shafi kwayoyin halitta, da raunuka a kunne.

• Juyawar jiki:

Jin juyawa ko juyawa a kusa da kai. Wannan yana iya kasancewa saboda matsala da tsarin daidaitawa (Vestibular System) a cikin kunnen ciki.

Yadda za mu kula da kunnuwanmu?

Kunnuwanmu suna da matuƙar muhimmanci. Saboda haka, alhakinmu ne mu kula da su sosai. Ga wasu shawarwari:

• Yadda ake tsaftace kunnuwa:
• "Kada ku zage kunnuwanku!" Wannan shine mafi mahimmanci. Mutane da yawa sun saba da sanya auduga, maɓallai, fil na gashi, da sauransu a cikin kunnuwansu don cire kakin kunne. Wannan yana da haɗari sosai. Yin hakan na iya ƙara tura kakin kunne zuwa ciki kuma ya lalata dutsen kunne.
• A al'ada, kunnuwanmu suna tsaftace kansu . Kakin yana fitowa a hankali. Lokacin wanka, ya kamata a shafa sabulu da ruwa a gefen kunne da kuma kewaye da kunne, sannan a wanke magudanar kunne sosai.
• Idan kana jin kamar kunnenka ya toshe saboda toshewar kakin zuma, ka je wurin likita . Zai iya cire kakin lafiya. Kada ka taɓa ƙoƙarin saka wani abu a kunnenka da kanka.

• Kariya daga hayaniya mai ƙarfi:
• Ƙarar hayaniya mai ƙarfi na iya lalata ƙwayoyin gashi masu laushi (`(Kwayoyin Gashi)`) a cikin kunnenmu na ciki. Wannan lalacewar ba za a iya mayar da ita ba.
• Saboda haka, lokacin amfani da belun kunne, a saurara da ƙaramin sauti .
• Idan kana aiki da injina ko kuma kana cikin wuraren da ake hayaniya, kamar a wuraren kade-kade na kiɗa, yi amfani da abin toshe kunne ko abin rufe kunne.
• "Idan kana cikin wani wuri mai hayaniya kamar disko, ka fita waje aƙalla sau ɗaya a kowace rabin sa'a ka huta kunnuwanka."

• Hana kamuwa da cututtukan kunne:
• Idan ruwa ya shiga kunnenka yayin wanka ko iyo, ka kiyaye kunnenka a bushe.
• A nemi maganin mura, mura, da sauran cututtuka masu kyau, domin suna iya toshe bututun Eustachian kuma su haifar da kamuwa da cututtukan kunne na tsakiya.

• Yaushe ya kamata ka ga likita?

Idan kana da waɗannan alamomin, tabbas ka nemi shawara daga likita.

• Idan kwatsam ka rasa jinka.
• Idan kana da ciwon kunne mai tsanani.
• Idan ƙuraje ko wani ruwa yana fitowa daga kunne.
• Idan kana yawan jin jiri.
• Idan ƙarar kunne (`(Tinnitus)`) tana damun ka.
• Idan akwai wani zato cewa wani abu ya shiga kunne (musamman a yara ƙanana).

Don haka, mafi mahimmancin abubuwan da ya kamata mu tuna (Saƙon Ɗauka Gida)

To, a yau mun yi magana sosai game da kunnuwanmu, ko ba haka ba?

Kunnuwanmu gabobi ne masu ban mamaki, masu rikitarwa waɗanda ba wai kawai suna taimaka mana mu ji sautuka ba, har ma suna taimaka mana mu kiyaye daidaitonmu.

Kula da waɗannan kunnuwa masu daraja yana hannunmu.

• Kada ka sanya komai a kunnenka ba tare da wani dalili ba.
• Kare kunnuwanka daga hayaniya mai ƙarfi.
• Idan kana da wasu tambayoyi ko shakku game da kunnuwanka, kada ka ji tsoron ganin likita ka nemi shawara.

Ina fatan wannan bayanin zai taimaka muku kiyaye kunnuwanku lafiya!