Menene enzymes? Shin ka san dalilin da yasa suke da matukar muhimmanci ga jikinmu?

Wataƙila kun taɓa jin kalmar "enzymes" a da. Wani lokaci ma kuna iya rikitar da su da bitamin. Amma enzymes ƙananan jarumai ne a jikinmu waɗanda ke yin aiki mai yawa na shiru, amma mai mahimmanci. Shin za mu yi magana game da wannan ta hanya mai sauƙi da za ku iya fahimta?

To mene ne ainihin ke faruwa da waɗannan enzymes?

A taƙaice dai, enzymes ƙananan masu taimako ne waɗanda ke hanzarta halayen sinadarai a jikinmu. Ka yi tunani game da shi, bayan ka ci abinci, kana buƙatar narke shi. Enzymes suna da mahimmanci ga duk waɗannan hanyoyin, gami da narkewar abinci, zubar jini, da haɓakar jiki. Ba wai kawai ba, enzymes suna da hannu a cikin yadda tsokoki muke aiki da kuma yadda wasu cututtuka ke tasowa. A gaskiya ma, enzymes suna taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin abubuwa da yawa masu muhimmanci da ke faruwa a jikinmu fiye da yadda za ka iya tunani. Ka yi tunani game da shi, kana cin abinci. Jikinmu ba zai iya shan abubuwa kamar sitaci, sunadarai, da mai kai tsaye ba. Yana buƙatar a raba su zuwa ƙananan guntu. Abin da enzymes ke yi kenan. Kamar yanke babban takarda zuwa ƙananan guntu da almakashi. Ko kuma, yi tunani game da zubar jini. Idan ka sami rauni a wani wuri, yana dakatar da zubar jini. Wannan shine abin da enzymes ke taimakawa da shi. Wannan yana nufin, ba tare da enzymes ba, rayuwarmu za ta yi wahala sosai.

Ta yaya ake samar da waɗannan enzymes?

Enzymes galibi sunadaran musamman ne da ake samarwa a cikin jikinmu . Kamar yadda kuka sani, sunadaran sinadarai ne da ke taimakawa wajen ginawa, kula da su, da kuma bunkasa sabbin kyallen jiki a jikinmu. Haka kuma, ana samar da sunadaran da ake kira enzymes a jikinmu. Haka kuma, wani lokacin ana samar da enzymes a dakunan gwaje-gwaje . Sau da yawa muna ganin waɗannan a matsayin "karin abinci." Duk da haka, yana da mahimmanci a nemi shawarar likita kafin a ɗauki wani abu makamancin haka.

To ta yaya waɗannan enzymes suke aiki? Abin mamaki ne, ko ba haka ba?

Wannan labari ne mai ban sha'awa sosai. Enzyme yana aiki ta hanyar ɗaurewa da wani takamaiman kwayar halitta a cikin ƙwayoyin halittarmu da kuma hanzarta amsawar sinadarai da ta shafi wannan kwayar . Ka yi tunanin ta kamar maɓalli da ke shiga cikin makulli. Kowane enzyme yana da takamaiman kwayar halitta da ke aiki a gare ta, kawai don ta.

Abu mafi mahimmanci shine da zarar wannan amsawar sinadarai ta faru, ba a amfani da enzyme ɗin. Wato, enzyme ɗin zai iya ɗaurewa da sabbin ƙwayoyin halitta kuma ya yi irin wannan amsawar akai-akai. Kamar ƙwararren makaniki ne, yana amfani da kayan aiki iri ɗaya don yin ayyuka da yawa.

Wasu enzymes suna gina abubuwa ta hanyar haɗa abubuwa wuri ɗaya. Wasu enzymes suna rushe abubuwa. Misali, enzymes ɗin da ke taimaka mana wajen narkar da abincin da muke ci suna raba manyan ƙwayoyin abinci zuwa ƙananan.

Wadanne nau'ikan enzymes ne akwai?

Za ka yi mamaki idan ka ji cewa akwai dubban enzymes a jikinmu! Kowannensu yana da takamaiman aiki. Bari mu dubi wasu daga cikin mafi mahimmanci.

• Amylase: Wannan shine abin da muke ci, kamar burodi da shinkafa.Yana taimakawa wajen narkar da abinci mai ɗauke da sitaci .
• Lipase: Wannan enzyme yana taimakawa wajen narke kitse da mai.
• Protease: Wannan yana da mahimmanci don narke abinci mai wadataccen furotin, kamar nama, kifi , da ƙwai .
• Creatine Kinase (CK): Wannan enzyme yana taimaka wa tsokokinmu su gina ƙarfi. Waɗanda ke motsa jiki wataƙila sun ji labarin hakan.
• Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST) da Alanine Aminotransferase ( ALT ): Waɗannan enzymes guda biyu galibi ana samun su ne a cikin hanta. Suna taimakawa wajen mayar da abincin da muke ci zuwa kuzari. Ana auna su a gwaje-gwajen jini da ke duba matsalolin hanta.
• Thrombin: Wani muhimmin enzyme wanda ke taimakawa wajen toshewar jini lokacin da aka ji rauni.
• Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase (G6PD): Ana buƙatar wannan enzyme domin ƙwayoyin jinin ja su yi aiki yadda ya kamata.
• DNA Polymerase: Kamar yadda kuka sani, DNA shine abin da ke ɗauke da bayanan kwayoyin halittarmu. Don haka, domin sabbin kyallen jiki su samar kuma jiki ya girma, ana buƙatar kwafi wannan DNA. Wannan enzyme yana taimakawa da hakan.

Wannan kaɗan ne kawai. Akwai ƙarin nau'ikan enzymes da yawa a jikinmu.

Mene ne matsalolin da za a iya fuskanta tare da enzymes?

Wani lokaci, jikinmu yana iya rasa ko kuma bai samar da isasshen sinadarin enzyme da yake buƙata ba. Wannan shine lokacin da matsalolin lafiya daban-daban ke tasowa. Ga wasu daga cikin cututtukan da irin waɗannan matsalolin da suka shafi enzyme ke haifarwa:

• Rashin Juriyar Lactose: Wannan matsala ce da mutane da yawa ke fuskanta. Wannan yanayin yana faruwa ne lokacin da aka rage sinadarin enzyme "lactase" wanda ke taimakawa wajen narke lactose, wani sukari da ake samu a cikin madara da kayayyakin kiwo. Wannan na iya haifar da alamu kamar iskar gas , ciwon ciki, da kumburi.
• Phenylketonuria (PKU): Wannan cuta ce ta kwayoyin halitta. Ana haifar da ita ne ta hanyar matsala da wani enzyme wanda ke lalata amino acid. Wannan na iya haifar da lalacewar kwakwalwa da yanayi kamar farfadiya. Idan aka gano shi da wuri, ana iya magance shi.
• Ciwon Morquio: Wannan yana faruwa ne sakamakon rashin ko rashin isasshen samar da wani enzyme wanda ke lalata wani nau'in sukari. Wannan na iya haifar da matsalolin gani, ji, ƙashi, da zuciya.
• Cutar Tay-Sachs: Wannan kuma cuta ce ta kwayoyin halitta. Saboda rashin wani takamaiman sinadarin enzyme, sunadaran mai sunadaran suna taruwa a cikin kwakwalwa, wanda hakan ke haifar da lalacewa ga kwakwalwa da kashin baya.
• Galactosemia: Wannan yana faruwa ne sakamakon matsalar enzymes da ke wargaza galactose, wani sukari da ake samu a cikin madara. Wannan na iya haifar da gazawar girma, ƙarancin ƙaruwar nauyi, da kuma jinkirin ci gaba ga yara.
• Cutar Wilson: Wannan cuta tana faruwa ne sakamakon matsalar wani enzyme a cikin hanta, wanda ke sa jan ƙarfe ya taru a cikin hanta, kwakwalwa, da sauran gabobin jiki.
• Ciwon Gilbert: Wannan yanayin yana faruwa ne sakamakon matsalar wani enzyme da ke lalata wani abu da ake kira bilirubin. Babban alamar cutar ita ce launin rawaya na idanu da fata, wani yanayi makamancin jaundice.

Akwai cututtuka da yawa da suka shafi enzymes kamar haka. Kowannensu yana faruwa ne sakamakon rashin aikin wasu enzymes.

Mene ne waɗannan ƙarin enzymes na abinci?

Karin sinadarin enzyme na abinci su ne enzymes da ake yi daga wasu hanyoyin waje don taimakawa jikinmu yin irin aikin da enzymes na jikinmu ke yi. Wani lokaci likitoci suna ba da shawarar irin waɗannan nau'ikan ƙarin sinadarin enzyme. Misali:

• Yana rage iskar gas da kumburi ga waɗanda ke fama da rashin jure wa lactose .
• A matsayin taimako ga tsarin narkewar abinci ga mutanen da ke fama da cututtuka kamar cystic fibrosis .

Duk da haka, ya kamata ka tuna da wannan. Wasu ƙarin enzymes ba sa taimaka maka inganta aikin motsa jiki ko rage nauyi kamar yadda aka tallata. Irin waɗannan ikirari ba za a iya tabbatar da su a kimiyya ba. Bugu da ƙari, amfani da waɗannan kari ba tare da amfani ba na iya haifar da haɗari ga lafiya.

Saboda haka, kafin ka yi amfani da duk wani ƙarin abinci, ka tabbata ka yi magana da likitanka don neman shawara. Zai iya gaya maka ko da gaske kana buƙatar sa ko a'a, da kuma ko ya dace da lafiyarka.

To, me muka koya daga wannan labarin? (Saƙon Gida)

To, mun yi magana sosai game da enzymes a yau, ko ba haka ba?

• Enzymes ƙananan abubuwa ne amma masu ƙarfi waɗanda ke taimakawa kusan kowace muhimmiyar hanya a jikinmu. Enzymes suna da mahimmanci ga komai tun daga narkewar abinci har zuwa zubar jini, girma, da samar da makamashi.
• Duk da yake jikinmu yana samar da waɗannan enzymes, akwai wasu lokutan ƙarin enzymes da za a iya ɗauka a waje.
• Idan akwai ƙarancin enzymes, yana iya haifar da cututtuka daban-daban.Saboda haka, aikin enzymes mai kyau yana da matuƙar muhimmanci ga lafiyarmu gaba ɗaya.
• Ba kowace ƙarin sinadarin enzyme da ake sayarwa a kasuwa ke aiki ga kowa ba, don haka kada a gwada su ba tare da shawarar likita ba.

Don haka, ina fatan kun fahimci enzymes sosai. Idan kuna da wasu tambayoyi game da wannan, kada ku yi jinkirin tambayar likitan ku. Ku kasance cikin koshin lafiya!