Duk mun ji mummunan tasirin annobar COVID-19 da ta faru kwanan nan, ko ba haka ba? Amma shin kun san cewa kimanin shekaru 100 da suka gabata, a shekarar 1918, duniya ta fuskanci irin wannan matsalar lafiya mai ban tsoro? Ita ce annobar mura mai tsanani, wadda aka fi sani da " Mura ta Spain." Wannan kwayar cutar ta kamu da kusan kashi ɗaya bisa uku na al'ummar duniya kuma ta yi sanadiyyar mutuwar miliyoyin mutane. A yau, bari mu binciki menene Mura ta Spain, dalilin da ya sa ta yi muni, da kuma muhimman darussan da take bayarwa a yau.
Menene ainihin mura ta Spain?
A taƙaice dai, mura ta Spain ta 1918 annoba ce ta duniya da ta samo asali daga nau'in kwayar cutar Influenza mai saurin yaɗuwa. Ta fara ne a shekarar 1918 kuma ta isa manyan raƙuman ruwa guda uku: a lokacin bazara, kaka, da kuma lokacin hunturu. Raƙuman ruwa na biyu, waɗanda suka kai kololuwa a lokacin kaka, sun zama mafi muni . Wasu masana ma sun nuna cewa raƙuman ruwa na huɗu sun faru ne a shekarar 1920.
Abin mamaki, ɗaya daga cikin mafi munin ɓangarorin wannan annoba shine yadda ta shafi matasa masu lafiya tsakanin shekaru 20 zuwa 40. Duk da cewa mura ta yanayi yawanci tana haifar da mafi girman haɗari ga yara da tsofaffi, wannan nau'in cutar ta musamman ta kasance mai kisa ga waɗanda ke cikin koshin lafiya. Masana kimiyya har yanzu suna nazarin ainihin dalilan da ya sa hakan ya faru.
Yaya tsananin annobar ta yi?
Domin a fahimci abubuwa, an kiyasta cewa kashi ɗaya bisa uku na al'ummar duniya a lokacin - kimanin mutane miliyan 500 - sun kamu da cutar.
Dangane da mace-mace, tsakanin 1918 da 1919, an kiyasta cewa mutane miliyan 50 ne suka rasa rayukansu a duk duniya. Wasu kwararru sun yi imanin cewa adadin wadanda suka mutu zai iya kaiwa miliyan 100. A Amurka kadai, an rasa rayuka kimanin 675,000. Waɗannan alkaluma sun nuna girman wannan rikicin da kuma firgicinsa.
Me ya sa mura ta Spain ta yi muni haka?
Babu wani dalili guda ɗaya da ya haifar da yawan mace-mace; a maimakon haka, haɗuwa ce ta abubuwa da yawa. Bari mu kalli manyan masu bayar da gudummawa.
| Ma'auni | Bayani Mai Sauƙi |
|---|---|
| Yanayin Lokacin Yaƙi | Yaƙin Duniya na Ɗaya yana ci gaba. An cunkusa sojoji a cikin sansanonin sojoji, jiragen ruwa, da ramuka, wanda hakan ya ba da damar cutar ta yaɗu cikin sauri. Bugu da ƙari, gwamnatoci sun yi ta tantance bayanai game da barkewar cutar don kare ƙarfin soja. |
| Iyakantaccen Albarkatun Lafiya | An tura likitoci da ma'aikatan jinya da yawa don yaƙin. Ba a sami kayan aiki na zamani kamar na'urorin kwantar da hankali na ICU ko na'urorin numfashi ba. Babu magungunan kashe ƙwayoyin cuta ( magunguna ) don magance cutar, saboda kimiyyar likitanci ba ta fahimci cikakken cewa kwayar cuta ce ke haifar da ita ba tukuna. |
| Lalacewar Huhu | Kwayar cutar ta yi mummunan lahani kai tsaye ga huhu, wanda hakan ya sa suka fi fuskantar barazanar kamuwa da cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta na biyu. Ba tare da maganin rigakafi don magance su ba, marasa lafiya da yawa sun kamu da matsaloli kamar ciwon huhu. |
| Yawan Yawan Jiki a Garkuwar Jiki | Ana kyautata zaton yawan mace-macen da ake samu a tsakanin matasa yana faruwa ne sakamakon guguwar cytokine . Wannan shine lokacin da garkuwar jiki ke aiki fiye da kima, kuma a ƙoƙarinta na yaƙar kwayar cutar, tana kai hari ga kyallen huhu na jiki, wanda ke haifar da mummunan lalacewa a cikin jiki. |
Menene alamun?
Alamomin cutar ta 1918 sun yi kama da ta murra ta zamani, amma galibi sun fi tsanani.
- Ba zato ba tsammani, wani lokacin zazzabi mai tsanani.
- Tari busasshe .
- Ciwon kai da ciwon jiki .
- Rashin numfashi.
- Ciwon makogwaro.
- Sanyi da rawar jiki .
- Hanci mai zuba.
- Rashin ci .
- Rauni mai tsanani.
- Gajiya mai tsanani.
- Cyanosis (launin shuɗi a fata, lebe, ko farce), wanda ke nuna ƙarancin iskar oxygen a cikin jini.
- kumburin huhu (ruwa a cikin huhu).
- Zubar jini a ciki.
Me yasa ake kiransa da 'Mura ta Spain'? Shin ta fara ne a Spain?
Wannan mummunan fahimta ce da aka saba gani. Cutar ba ta samo asali daga Spain ba. Ana kyautata zaton ta bulla ne a sansanonin sojoji a Amurka.
To, me yasa aka yi wannan suna? A lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Ɗaya, manyan ƙasashe kamar Amurka, Birtaniya, da Faransa sun yi taƙaddama kan labaran da suka shafi annobar domin su ci gaba da ƙarfafa gwiwar sojojinsu. Duk da haka, Spain ba ta tsoma baki ba kuma ba ta sanya takunkumi kan manema labarai ba. Saboda haka, kafofin watsa labaran Spain sun ba da rahoto a fili game da barkewar cutar, wanda ya sa sauran duniya suka yi zaton cewa cutar ta samo asali ne daga can.
Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya (WHO) a halin yanzu tana ba da shawara kan hana sanya wa cututtuka suna bayan ƙasashe ko yankuna, domin yin hakan na iya ɓata wa al'ummar yankin suna ba tare da adalci ba.
Yaya aka kwatanta shi da COVID-19?
Duk da cewa an sami bullar annoba guda biyu ta hanyar ƙwayoyin cuta daban-daban—abin da ya faru a shekarar 1918 ta hanyar nau'in mura ta H1N1 da kuma COVID-19 ta hanyar sabon coronavirus—dukansu sun haɗa da ƙwayoyin cuta waɗanda ba su da rigakafi a da. A duka halayen biyu, martanin lafiyar jama'a sun yi kama sosai:
- Rufe makarantu.
- Haramta tarurrukan jama'a.
- Umarnin rufe fuska.
- Keɓe mutanen da suka kamu da cutar da waɗanda suka yi mu'amala da su.
Waɗannan matakan, waɗanda muka fuskanta a zamanin COVID-19, daidai suke da dabarun da aka yi amfani da su a duniya a shekarar 1918.
Darussan da aka koya
Annobar 1918 ta ba mu da darussa masu mahimmanci waɗanda suka taimaka mana mu shirya don matsalolin lafiya na zamani. A yau, muna da kayan aikin da ba a samu a 1918 ba: alluran rigakafi don hana kamuwa da cuta, magungunan rigakafi don magani, da kuma ICUsdon kula da marasa lafiya masu tsanani.
Mafi mahimmanci, annobar 1918 ta tunatar da mu cewa kowa, ba tare da la'akari da shekaru ko lafiyarsa ba, zai iya zama mai rauni a lokacin rikicin lafiya. Ta hanyar bin shawarar kwararru kan lafiya, ba mu kare kanmu kawai ba, har ma da iyalanmu, maƙwabtanmu, da kuma al'umma baki ɗaya.
Saƙon Ɗauka Gida
- An samu bullar cutar mura ta Spain a shekarar 1918 sakamakon kwayar cutar H1N1 kuma har yanzu tana daya daga cikin annoba mafi muni a tarihi.
- Yanayin yaƙi, rashin albarkatu, da kuma yanayin cutar da kanta ya haifar da yawan waɗanda suka mutu.
- Kalmar "Mura ta Spain" ba daidai ba ce da aka yi amfani da ita wajen sanya takunkumi a lokacin yaƙi a ƙasashen da ke fama da yaƙi.
- Darussan da aka koya a shekarar 1918, kamar nisantar jama'a da kuma rufe fuska, sun kasance muhimman abubuwa wajen magance matsalar COVID-19.
- Duk da cewa muna da maganin zamani, ƙwayoyin cuta suna ci gaba da bunƙasa koyaushe. Kasancewa cikin shiri da bin umarnin likita shine mafi kyawun kariyarmu daga barkewar cutar nan gaba.
Mura ta Spain, annobar 1918, Mura, H1N1, annoba
