Shin fitsarinka ya canza launi? Kana jin kasala? Bari mu koyi game da wannan matsalar jini mai wuya (PNH)

Jinin da ke gudana ta cikin jijiyoyinmu kamar kogi ne mai ba da rai, ko ba haka ba? Kwayoyin jinin ja a cikin wannan jinin suna ɗauke da iskar oxygen da kowace ƙwayar halitta ke buƙata a jikinmu. Don haka ka yi tunanin abin da zai faru idan waɗannan ƙwayoyin jinin ja masu mahimmanci suka lalace ba zato ba tsammani kuma suka lalace ba tare da wani dalili ba? A zahiri abin tsoro ne kaɗan. A yau za mu yi magana game da wata cuta ta jini mai matuƙar wuya, amma mai matuƙar muhimmanci, wadda duk muke buƙatar sani. Wannan ana kiranta Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria, ko PNH a takaice.

A taƙaice dai, menene PNH?

PNH cuta ce ta jini da ba kasafai ake samu ba. A wannan yanayin , ƙwayoyin jinin ja a cikin jininmu suna lalacewa ba tare da wani dalili ba. A taƙaice dai, tsarin garkuwar jikinmu yana lalata waɗannan ƙwayoyin jinin ja. Wannan ya faru ne saboda ƙwayoyin jinin ja na mutanen da ke da wannan cuta ba su da wani nau'in furotin na musamman da ke kare su. Saboda haka, tsarin garkuwar jikinmu ba zai iya gane su a matsayin 'ƙwayoyin halittarmu' ba. Lokacin da aka lalata ƙwayoyin jinin ja da sauri ta wannan hanyar, ƙashin ƙashinmu ba zai iya samar da sabbin ƙwayoyin jinin ja a daidai wannan gudu ba. Sannan jinin da ke cikin jiki yana raguwa. Muna kiran wannan yanayin rashin jini . Haka kuma, wani ɓangare mai haɗari na wannan cuta shine yana ƙara haɗarin toshewar jini a cikin jijiyoyin jini. Cutar PNH ba ta shafar kowa ta hanya ɗaya. Wasu mutane suna da ƙananan alamu. Suna iya rayuwa ta al'ada. Amma ga wasu, cutar na iya zama ɗan tsanani. Suna iya buƙatar ci gaba da shan magunguna da ƙarin jini.

Me ke haifar da cutar PNH?

Abu mafi mahimmanci a nan shi ne cewa PNH ba cuta ce da aka haifa daga uwa zuwa jariri ba. Kuma ba cuta ce mai yaɗuwa ba. A zahiri cuta ce mai matuƙar wuya. Ka yi tunanin, a ƙasa kamar Amurka, lokacin da ake gano sabbin marasa lafiya da cutar kansa kusan miliyan 1.8 kowace shekara, marasa lafiya 400 zuwa 500 ne kawai ake gano cutar PNH. Wannan cutar tana faruwa ne sakamakon maye gurbi a cikin kwayar halittar da ake kira 'PIGA' a cikin ƙwayoyin halittar da ke cikin ƙashin mu. A taƙaice dai, akwai ƙaramin kuskure a cikin 'umarnin' da bargon ƙashi ya karɓa, wanda shine masana'antar da ke yin ƙwayoyin jinin ja. Saboda wannan kuskuren, ƙwayoyin jinin ja da ake samu ba sa samun wannan rufin furotin mai kariya.

Shin kana da waɗannan alamun?

Idan ƙwayoyin jinin ja suka karye, launin ja da ake kira hemoglobin da ke cikinsu yana fita cikin jini. Waɗannan sharar gida ana cire su daga jiki ta hanyar kodan da ke cikin fitsari. Saboda haka, launin fitsarin na iya bayyana ja, launin ruwan kasa, ko duhu fiye da yadda aka saba . Duk da haka, ba duk wanda ke da PNH yake da launin fitsari daban-daban ba. Rabin marasa lafiya ne kawai ke fuskantar wannan alamar. Kuma yana da duhu musamman a cikin fitsarin da ake fitarwa da daddare ko lokacin da suka fara tashi da safe. Baya ga wannan babban alamar, akwai wasu alamu da dama. Bari mu ga menene su.

Wa ya fi kamuwa da wannan cuta?

A cewar likitoci, haɗarin kamuwa da cutar PNH ya ɗan fi girma ga wasu mutane.

• Ga waɗanda ke da raunin ƙashi : Idan saboda wani dalili aikin ƙashi ya yi rauni.
• Ga waɗanda ke da wata cuta da ake kira Aplastic Anemia : Wannan kuma cuta ce da ke shafar ƙashi. Mutanen da ke da wannan cutar suna cikin haɗarin kamuwa da PNH daga baya.
• Ga mutanen da suka fito daga Asiya: Wannan cuta ta fi yawa a Asiya fiye da sauran kabilu.

Yawanci ana gano cutar PNH a cikin manya 'yan shekara 30 , amma kuma tana iya faruwa a cikin matasa, gami da yara ƙanana da jarirai.

Yaya ake gane cutar?

Saboda cutar PNH cuta ce da ba kasafai ake samunta ba kuma alamominta suna kama da na sauran cututtuka, wani lokacin tana iya ɗaukar lokaci kafin a gano cutar. Musamman ma a cikin wanda launin fitsarinsa bai canza ba, idan likita bai yi zargin hakan ba, ana iya jinkirta ganewar cutar. Don gano cutar, likitanka zai fara tambayarka game da alamominka da tarihin lafiyarka. Sannan, zai yi odar gwaje-gwajen jini daban-daban. Daga cikin waɗannan, mafi kyawun kuma mafi daidaiton gwaji don tabbatar da PNH shine gwajin jini na musamman da ake kira 'Flow Cytometry'. Wannan gwajin zai iya auna daidai adadin ƙwayoyin jinin ja da suka ɓace wannan furotin mai kariya a cikin jininka.

Menene hanyoyin magance PNH?

Abin farin ciki, yanzu akwai magunguna da yawa masu tasiri don magance PNH. Likitan ku zai tantance yanayin ku kuma ya tantance maganin da ya fi dacewa da ku.

• Magungunan hana garkuwar jiki: Magunguna kamar eculizumab (Soliris) da ravulizumab ( Ultomiris ) suna aiki ta hanyar hana garkuwar jikinmu lalata jajayen ƙwayoyin jininmu. Waɗannan kuma suna rage haɗarin toshewar jini.
• Steroids: Ana amfani da waɗannan a wasu lokutan don sarrafa lalata ƙwayoyin jinin ja.
• Masu rage jini:Ana bayar da waɗannan ne don rage haɗarin toshewar jini.
• Karin jini: Idan adadin jinin jiki ya yi ƙasa sosai, ana ba da jini a waje don ƙara yawan ƙwayoyin jinin ja.

Bugu da ƙari, akwai magunguna da ke taimaka wa jiki samar da ƙarin ƙwayoyin jinin ja a ciki.

• Bitamin kamar folic acid
• Siffar ci gaban ɗan adam
• Androgen, hormone na namiji

Dashen ƙashi zai iya warkar da cutar PNH gaba ɗaya. Duk da haka, saboda tiyata ce mai matuƙar haɗari da rikitarwa, likitoci suna ba da shawarar yin ta ne kawai idan duk wasu jiyya ba su yi nasara ba. PNH Sinhala, haemoglobinuria na dare, cututtukan jini, rugujewar ƙwayoyin jinin ja, fitsari mai duhu, cututtukan ƙashi, rashin jini