Shin ƙaramin yaronka yana kamuwa da mura kuma yana da toshewar hanci? Ko kuma iyayenka tsofaffi suna da tari da wahalar numfashi? Waɗannan yanayi na iya zama alamun wata cuta mai tsanani kamar ciwon huhu. Amma kada ku damu, akwai hanya mai inganci don kare ƙananan yaranmu da manya daga irin waɗannan cututtuka masu haɗari. Wannan ita ce allurar rigakafin cutar huhu. A yau, za mu yi magana game da komai game da wannan allurar.
Menene Allurar Rigakafin Pneumococcal?
A taƙaice dai, wannan kamar garkuwa ce ta kariya da ake allura a jikinmu. Wannan allurar rigakafin tana kare mu daga kamuwa da cuta da ƙwayoyin cuta na Streptococcus pneumoniae ke haifarwa. Wannan ƙwayar cuta ita ce muke kira 'pneumococcus' a taƙaice.
Wannan ƙwayar cuta na iya haifar da mummunan cututtuka na numfashi (wahalar numfashi) da sauran matsaloli masu tsanani, musamman ga ƙananan yara da tsofaffi. Wannan shine abin da muke amfani da wannan allurar rigakafin don kariya daga.
Akwai nau'ikan alluran rigakafin cutar pneumococcal da dama da ake amfani da su a yanzu. Ana kiransu da "allurar rigakafi masu haɗin gwiwa". Wannan yana nufin an tsara su ne don ƙarfafa ƙarfin jikinmu na yaƙi da cututtuka (rigakafi). Manyan nau'ikan sune:
- PCV13
- PCV15
- PCV20
- PCV21
Lambobin da ke cikin waɗannan sunaye suna nuna adadin nau'ikan ƙwayoyin cuta na pneumococcus da allurar rigakafin za ta iya sarrafawa.
Bugu da ƙari, akwai wani tsohon allurar rigakafi mai suna 'PPSV23'. Yawanci ana ba da wannan ga yara 'yan sama da shekara 2, waɗanda ke da wasu cututtuka na yau da kullun, da kuma manya waɗanda suka riga sun sami allurar rigakafin PCV15.
Waɗanne cututtuka ne cutar pneumococcal ke haifarwa?
Idan ƙwayoyin cutar pneumococcus suka shiga jikinmu, suna iya haifar da cututtuka iri-iri masu haɗari. Wasu mutane na iya samun wannan ƙwayar cuta a makogwaronsu ba tare da wata alama ba. Duk da haka, har ma waɗannan mutanen na iya yaɗa ta ga wasu ta hanyar ƙananan ɗigon ruwa da ake fitarwa lokacin da suke numfashi, tari, ko atishawa.
Wannan allurar rigakafi tana kare mu daga cututtuka masu tsanani kamar:
| cuta | Bayani mai sauƙi |
|---|---|
| Ciwon Sanyi na Bakteriya | Kamuwa da cuta a cikin membranes da ke kewaye da kwakwalwa da kashin baya. Wannan na iya haifar da mummunan sakamako kamar rashin tunawa, suma, mutuwa, makanta, ko gurgunta. |
| Namoniya | Kamuwa da cuta a huhu. Wannan yana haifar da tari, zazzabi, da wahalar numfashi. |
| Ciwon kunne na tsakiya (Otitis Media) | Alamomin sun haɗa da ciwon kunne, kumburi, rashin barci, zazzaɓi, da kuma, a cikin ƙananan yara, yawan kuka. |
| Bacteria | Yanayi mai haɗari wanda ƙwayoyin cuta ke shiga cikin jini kuma suna yaɗuwa a cikin jiki. |
| Cututtukan Sinus | Cututtukan da ke da alaƙa da ramukan fuska (sinus). |
Ka yi tunanin, kafin a fara wannan allurar riga-kafi, adadi mai yawa na yara 'yan ƙasa da shekara 5 sun mutu sakamakon ciwon huhu a duk faɗin duniya. Amma bayan an fara wannan allurar a shekara ta 2000, yawan wannan cuta a tsakanin yara da manya ya ragu sosai.
Shin waɗannan alluran rigakafi suna da aminci da gaske? Akwai wasu illa?
Eh, babu shakka. Allurar rigakafi ta PCV da PPSV suna da aminci sosai . Kamar kowace magani, akwai ƙaramin damar samun rashin lafiyan, amma haɗarin mummunan rauni ko mutuwa yana da ƙasa sosai.
Waɗannan su ne ƙananan illolin da ake gani akai-akai:
- Ga ƙananan yara (bayan allurar rigakafin PCV):
- Ja, ɗan ciwo, ko kumburi a wurin allurar.
- Zazzabi mai ƙarancin ƙarfi (kimanin ɗaya cikin yara uku).
- Zazzabi mai sauƙi (kimanin ɗaya cikin yara 50).
- Wani lokaci akwai rashin ci, kuka akai-akai, ko kuma barci.
- Ga manya (bayan allurar rigakafin PPSV):
- Ja ko ciwo a wurin allurar (kimanin mutum 1 cikin 2).
- Kasa da kashi 1% suna fuskantar abubuwa kamar zazzabi ko ciwon tsoka.
Abu mafi mahimmanci shine yawancin waɗannan illolin ba su da yawa kuma suna ɓacewa gaba ɗaya cikin 'yan kwanaki.
Wa ya kamata ya yi wannan allurar? Yaushe?
Bari mu duba yanzu ga wanda aka ba da shawarar yin wannan allurar rigakafin da kuma jadawalin da ya kamata a bayar.
Ga jarirai da ƙananan yara
Ana ba da shawarar cewa duk jarirai 'yan ƙasa da shekara 2 su karɓi allurai 4 na allurar rigakafin, kamar haka:
- Shawarar farko: A watanni 2
- Kashi na biyu: A watanni 4
- Kashi na uku: A watanni 6
- Maganin ƙarawa: Tsakanin watanni 12-15
Idan saboda wani dalili ba za a iya yin allurar riga-kafi a wannan lokacin ba, likita zai samar da jadawalin da ya dace dangane da shekarun yaron.
Ga yara 'yan shekara 2-18
Yara waɗanda ba su kammala jerin alluran riga-kafi ba tun suna yara ko kuma waɗanda ke da wasu cututtuka na musamman, kamar cututtukan koda na yau da kullun, suma za su iya samun wannan allurar. Likitan ku zai tantance nau'in da ya fi dacewa da jadawalin wannan.
Ga manya
Duk wani babba mai lafiya da ya wuce shekara 50 zai iya samun allurar rigakafin ta hanyoyi masu zuwa:
- Allurar rigakafin PCV15 guda ɗaya, sannan bayan shekara ɗaya, allurar rigakafin PPSV23 guda ɗaya.
- Allurar rigakafi ta PCV20 guda ɗaya.
- Allurar rigakafi ta PCV21 guda ɗaya.
Ga waɗanda ke cikin haɗari na musamman
Waɗanda ke da shekaru 18-49, amma waɗanda ke da wata matsala ta lafiya (misali ciwon suga, cututtukan zuciya, cututtukan huhu, ciwon daji, HIV/AIDS) ko magani (misali steroids, chemotherapy) wanda ke raunana garkuwar jiki, suma za su iya karɓar allurar rigakafin kamar yadda manya ke yi a sama.
Wataƙila kana tunanin, 'Ina da shekaru 50 yanzu, ina da lafiya, to shin ina buƙatar wannan?' A gaskiya ma, eh. Bincike ya gano cewa manya tsakanin shekaru 50 zuwa 64 suna da na biyu mafi haɗarin kamuwa da wannan cuta.
Saboda haka, idan kana da shekaru sama da 50, ko kuma kana da wata cuta mai tsanani kamar ciwon suga, cututtukan zuciya, ko asma, babban matakin tsaro ne ka yi magana da likitanka ka kuma yi masa wannan allurar rigakafi. Domin kuwa yawan mace-macen manya sakamakon wannan cuta yana da yawa sosai.
Saƙon Ɗauka Gida
- Allurar rigakafin cutar pneumococcal garkuwa ce mai matuƙar muhimmanci daga cututtuka masu haɗari kamar ciwon huhu da ciwon meningitis.
- Ana ba da shawarar wannan allurar rigakafin musamman ga yara ƙanana tsakanin watanni 2 zuwa shekaru 2 da kuma ga duk manya sama da shekaru 50.
- Yana da matuƙar muhimmanci ga duk wanda ke da cututtuka masu tsanani kamar su ciwon suga, cututtukan zuciya, cututtukan huhu, cututtukan koda, ko ciwon daji ya sami wannan allurar rigakafin.
- Yawancin illolin da allurar rigakafin ke haifarwa ba su da yawa kuma suna ɓacewa cikin kwana ɗaya ko biyu.
- Idan kai ko ɗanka kuna da wata damuwa game da samun wannan allurar rigakafin, tabbatar da yin magana da likitan iyali.
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