Wataƙila ka ji labarin "maganin sulfa." Wataƙila likita ya ba ka man shafawa don shafawa a fatar jikinka ya ce, "Wannan maganin sulfa ne." Menene ainihin sulfonamides? Shin maganin rigakafi ne kawai? A'a, labarin ya fi haka tsawo. Bari mu fara da batun a yau.
A taƙaice dai, menene waɗannan sulfonamides?
Sulfonamides wani nau'in magunguna ne da ake yin su ta hanyar roba, wato, a dakunan gwaje-gwaje. Ba a samun su ta halitta. Duk magunguna a cikin wannan nau'in magunguna suna ɗauke da sinadarin "sulfur" a cikin tsarin sinadaransu. Shi ya sa ake kiransu "sulfonamides."
Yanzu bari mu ga yadda waɗannan ke aiki. Musamman idan aka ba su ga cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta , abin da waɗannan magunguna ke yi shi ne hana ƙwayoyin cuta yin wani abu da ake kira " folate " wanda suke buƙata. Mun kuma san cewa folate bitamin B9 ne. Kawai ka yi tunani, wannan sinadari mai suna folate yana da mahimmanci ga ƙwayoyin cuta su rayu su yaɗu. Don haka lokacin da magungunan sulfonamide suka shiga jiki, suna tafiya su hana ƙwayoyin cuta yin wannan folate. Kamar yunwa ba tare da abinci ba ne, ƙwayoyin cuta a hankali suna raunana su mutu.
"To, shin babu wata matsala ga jikinmu?" za ka iya tunani. A'a. Domin mu, wato, mutane, muna samun folate da jikinmu ke buƙata daga abincin da muke ci. Ba ma yin folate a cikin jikinmu. Don haka wannan maganin yawanci ba ya shafar ƙwayoyin jikinmu ta wannan hanyar.
Kafin a gano penicillin , a shekarun 1930, sulfonamides suna ɗaya daga cikin mafi kyawun magunguna da ake da su don magance cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta. A wancan lokacin , waɗannan magungunan sun taimaka wajen rage yawan mace-macen da ake samu daga cututtuka masu yaduwa da babban bambanci. Amma a yau, ba wai kawai ana amfani da su don kamuwa da ƙwayoyin cuta ba ne. Ana amfani da magunguna a wannan aji don wasu cututtuka da yawa.
Waɗanne cututtuka ake amfani da sulfonamides?
A da, galibi ana amfani da su ne don magancewa da kuma hana kamuwa da cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta. Amma a yau, wannan nau'in magunguna ya bunƙasa sosai. Ana amfani da sulfonamides don magance cututtuka iri-iri, ciki har da ciwon suga na nau'in 2, hawan jini, kamuwa da cutar HIV, da melanoma, wani nau'in ciwon daji na fata.
Bari mu ga waɗanne magunguna ne ke cikin wannan rukuni da kuma cututtukan da ake amfani da su. Don sauƙaƙawa, za mu raba su zuwa sassa biyu.
1. Sulfonamides da ake amfani da su azaman maganin rigakafi
Waɗannan magunguna galibi ana bayar da su ne don kamuwa da cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta.
| Nau'ikan maganin rigakafi: sulfonamides |
|---|
| Mafenide (Sulfamylon®) |
| Sulfadiazine (Silvadene® ko Thermazene®) – (wanda aka fi amfani da shi don ƙonewa) |
| Sulfamethizole |
| Sulfisoxazole |
| Sulfasalazine (Azulfidine®) - (Ana kuma amfani da shi don ciwon ulcerative colitis) |
| Sulfadoxine - (ana amfani da shi don magance zazzabin cizon sauro) |
2. Sulfonamides marasa maganin rigakafi
Waɗannan ba magunguna ba ne da ke kashe ƙwayoyin cuta. Ana amfani da su don magance wasu cututtuka da dama. Wannan jerin yana da ɗan tsawo, amma yana ba ku ra'ayin faɗin wannan nau'in magunguna.
| Sunan Magani | Amfani |
|---|---|
| Acetohexamide, Chlorpropamide, Tolazamide, da Tolbutamide | Ciwon suga na nau'i na 2 |
| Furosemide (Lasix®), Bumetanide, Torsemide, Chlorthalidone, Hydrochlorothiazide, Indapamide | Ana amfani da diuretics don magance kumburi da hawan jini da gazawar zuciya ke haifarwa. |
| Celecoxib (Celebrex®) | Ciwon gaɓɓai da kumburi kamar ciwon haɗin gwiwa. |
| Darunavir (Prezista®) | Maganin hana kamuwa da cutar HIV. |
| Sumatriptan (Imitrex®) | Don ciwon kai na migraine. |
| Sildenafil (Viagra®, Revatio®) | Matsalar miji da hawan jini a jijiyoyin huhu. |
| Tamsulosin (Flomax®) | Don matsalolin fitsari da ke faruwa sakamakon faɗaɗar glandar prostate (benign prostatic hyperplasia). |
| Zonisamide (Zonegran®) | Karyewar da farfadiya ke haifarwa. |
Shin yana yiwuwa a yi rashin lafiyan sulfonamides?
Eh, za ka iya. Wataƙila ka ji mutane suna cewa, "Ina da rashin lafiyar magungunan sulfa." Tsakanin kashi 3% zuwa 8% na mutanen duniya suna da rashin lafiyar wani nau'in maganin sulfa. Amma wannan kusan iri ɗaya ne da rashin lafiyar penicillin.
Abu mafi mahimmanci shine wannan: kawai saboda kana da rashin lafiyar magani ɗaya na sulfonamide ba lallai bane yana nufin kana da rashin lafiyar duk sauran magunguna a wannan ajin. Wannan abu ne da likitoci suka yarda da shi yanzu.
Saboda haka, idan kun taɓa samun rashin lafiyan sulfonamide a baya, ku tabbatar kun gaya wa likitanku kafin ku fara sabon magani. Zai iya ba ku shawarar wani magani da ya dace da ku.
Mene ne illar wannan nau'in maganin?
Kamar kowace magani, sulfonamides na iya samun wasu rashin amfani da illa. Manyan su ne:
- Juriyar Kwayoyin cuta: Idan ka yi amfani da maganin rigakafi iri ɗaya na dogon lokaci, wasu ƙwayoyin cuta suna samun juriya ga wannan maganin. Wannan yana nufin cewa maganin ba ya aiki a kan waɗannan ƙwayoyin cuta. Hakanan yana iya faruwa da sulfonamides.
- Rashin tasiri ga wasu ƙwayoyin cuta: Wasu nau'ikan ƙwayoyin cuta suna da juriya ga waɗannan magunguna ta halitta.
- Mummunan sakamako masu illa: Waɗannan ba kasafai suke faruwa ba, amma wasu mutane na iya fuskantar mummunan halayen fata kamar su cutar Stevens-Johnson da kuma gubar epidermal necrolysis .
Waɗannan illolin na iya bambanta sosai daga mutum zuwa mutum da kuma daga magani zuwa magani. Saboda haka, likitanka shine mafi kyawun tushen samun bayanai game da maganin da aka rubuta maka, fa'idodinsa da haɗarinsa. Tambaye shi game da shi.
Shin Bactrim™ kuma sulfonamide ne?
Eh, a wani ɓangare. Bactrim™ ya ƙunshi sulfamethizole, wani nau'in sulfonamide. Bugu da ƙari, yana kuma ɗauke da wani magani mai suna trimethoprim. Dukansu suna aiki tare.
Shin Celebrex® kuma sulfonamide ne?
Eh. Celecoxib (wanda aka fi sani da sunan Celebrex®), wanda ake amfani da shi don magance ciwon amosanin gabbai, shi ma sulfonamide ne.
Shin wannan maganin zai iya sa lu'ulu'u su fito a cikin fitsari?
Eh, wasu magungunan sulfa na iya haifar da samuwar lu'ulu'u a cikin fitsari. Duk da haka, wannan ba wani abu ne da aka saba gani ba. Likitan ku zai ba ku shawara kan ko maganin da kuke sha zai iya haifar da hakan da kuma abin da za ku iya yi don hana shi (misali, ku sha ruwa mai yawa).
Saƙon Ɗauka Gida
- Sulfonamides ba wai kawai maganin rigakafi ba ne. Su manyan nau'ikan magunguna ne da ake amfani da su don magance cututtuka daban-daban.
- Ana amfani da wannan nau'in magunguna don cututtuka da yawa, tun daga kamuwa da ƙwayoyin cuta zuwa ciwon suga, hawan jini, da kuma ciwon kai.
- Rashin lafiyan zai iya faruwa ga magungunan sulfa. Duk da haka, rashin lafiyan ga nau'in magani ɗaya ba yana nufin za ka yi rashin lafiyan ga dukkan magunguna a wannan ajin ba.
- Kafin fara kowace sabuwar magani, tabbatar da gaya wa likitanka game da duk wani rashin lafiya da kake da shi da kuma duk wani rashin lafiyar da ke tattare da miyagun ƙwayoyi a baya.
Sulfonamides, magungunan sulfa, sulfonamides, maganin rigakafi, rashin lafiyar magani, ciwon Stevens-Johnson, Bactrim, Celebrex, Lasix
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