Shin ka taɓa yin mamakin yadda za mu iya ɗanɗana ɗanɗanon abincin da muke ci, daɗin kwano mai zafi na shinkafa, daɗin ice cream, da kuma tsamin lemun tsami? Babban dalilin wannan shine ƙaramin ƙofa amma mai matuƙar muhimmanci a harshenmu. Muna kiran waɗannan ɗanɗanon, ko kuma a Turanci (Ɗanɗanon Buds) . Waɗannan kamar ƙananan ɗanɗanon ne a harshenka.
Menene waɗannan ɗanɗanon?
A taƙaice dai, ƙusoshin ɗanɗano ƙananan gabobin ji ne da ke taimaka maka ka ji ɗanɗano. Idan ka kalli harshenka a madubi, za ka ga cewa akwai ƙananan ƙusoshin kamar ƙuraje a harshe. A cikin waɗannan ƙusoshin akwai waɗannan ƙusoshin ɗanɗano. A likitanci muna kiran waɗannan ƙusoshin (Papillae) .
Wannan jin daɗin ɗanɗano yana gaya maka abin da kake ci da sha, ko yana da "daɗi" ko "mara daɗi." Wannan bayanin yana sa mu farin ciki mu ci, kuma yana ƙarfafa mu mu sami abincin da jikinmu ke buƙata. Ba wai kawai ba, har ma kamar aboki nagari, wannan jin daɗin ɗanɗano yana kuma yi mana gargaɗi game da wani abu da ba shi da kyau a ci, kamar madarar da ta lalace ko kuma naman da aka ƙone.
Waɗanne manyan nau'ikan dandano ne 'yan uwanmu ke fahimta?
Ƙwayoyin dandanonmu galibi suna iya gane nau'ikan dandano guda biyar na asali. Bari mu ga menene su.
| Nau'in ɗanɗano | Bayani da misalai |
|---|---|
| Mai daɗi | Abincin da galibi ke ɗauke da nau'in sukari (misali, sucrose, fructose). Misalan sun haɗa da zuma, agave nectar, 'ya'yan itace, ice cream, da alewa. |
| Gishiri | Abincin da ke ɗauke da gishiri (sodium chloride) ko wasu ma'adanai. Misali, yi tunanin abubuwa kamar dankalin turawa, pickle, da gishiri da barkono. |
| Ɗanɗanon ɗaci | Wannan ɗanɗanon yana fitowa ne daga abubuwa kamar caffeine ko wasu sinadarai na shuka. Yana da ɗanɗanon da ke da sarkakiya. Wasu mutane suna son abubuwa masu ɗaci kamar kofi, cakulan mai duhu, ɗanɗanon tsami, amma wasu ba sa son sa. |
| Ɗanɗano mai tsami | Sau da yawa, abinci mai ɗauke da wani nau'in acid (misali, citric acid). Abubuwa kamar lemun tsami, lemun tsami, da vinegar kyawawan misalai ne. |
| Umami | Wannan shine ɗanɗanon mai daɗi, mai nama, mai gamsarwa. Abinci da yawa waɗanda ke ɗauke da wani abu mai suna glutamate suna da wannan ɗanɗanon. Wannan ɗanɗanon umami ya fi dacewa a ji shi a cikin abubuwa kamar tumatir, namomin kaza, kifi, busasshen kifi, da miyar waken soya. |
Amma ku tuna, abincin da muke ci ba wai kawai yana da ɗanɗano ɗaya ba ne. Haɗin waɗannan ɗanɗanon ne ke ba mu ɗanɗano mai rikitarwa. Misali, abinci yana iya zama mai daɗi, amma kuma yana iya samun ɗanɗanon gishiri da umami.
Yaya waɗannan suke aiki? Tsarin ɗanɗano
Wannan tsari ne mai ban sha'awa sosai. Ba wai kawai dandanonka yake yi ba. Masu karɓar ƙamshi a hancinka suma suna shiga ciki.
Ka yi tunanin kana cin abinci.
1. Taunawa: Idan kana tauna abinci da haƙoranka, yana gauraya da yawu a bakinka sannan ya raba abincin zuwa ƙananan gutsuttsura.
2. Sakin sinadarai: Idan aka lalata su kamar haka, ana fitar da sinadarai a cikin abincin.
3. Aika sakonni: Waɗannan sinadarai suna hulɗa da ɗanɗanon harshe. Haka kuma, ƙamshin waɗannan sinadarai yana tafiya zuwa hancinka kuma yana buga gabobin ji a hancinka.
Shi ya sa idan kana da mura kuma hancinka ya toshe, abinci yana rasa ɗanɗanonsa. Duk da cewa ɗanɗanon Allah ne, ba ma samun cikakken ɗanɗanon abinci saboda ba ma iya jin ƙamshinsa.
Ta wannan hanyar, za ku iya jin daɗin cikakken ɗanɗanon abinci ne kawai lokacin da sigina daga bakinku da hancinku suka isa kwakwalwarku.
To yaya kake jin zafi, sanyi, da zafi?
Muna da ƙwayoyin ji na musamman a bakinmu da makogwaronmu. Waɗannan ƙwayoyin suna jin zafi ko sanyin abinci. Kalmar "mai tsami" ita ma tana cikin wannan rukunin. Kuma ana jin sanyin wani abu kamar na mint ta cikin waɗannan sauran ƙwayoyin. Don haka duk waɗannan tare sun zama abincinmu.
Rasa Divya nawa ne a wurin? Ina suke?
Ga matsakaicin babbaAkwai tsakanin ɗanɗano 2,000 zuwa 10,000. Abin mamaki shi ne yayin da muke girma, waɗannan suna raguwa a hankali. Wannan yana nufin cewa yara ƙanana suna da ɗanɗano fiye da manya . Shi ya sa wasu abincin da ba mu so mu ci lokacin da muke ƙanana, muke fara son ci idan muka girma.
Wani kuskuren fahimta da aka saba gani shi ne cewa kowane ɓangare na harshe an tsara shi musamman don ɗanɗano na musamman (misali, ƙarshen harshe yana da daɗi, bayansa kuma yana da tsami). Wannan ba daidai ba ne kwata-kwata. A gaskiya ma, dukkan ɗanɗanon guda biyar da muka yi magana a kansu sun bazu ko'ina a cikin harshe. Duk da haka, wasu wurare sun ɗan fi jin daɗin wasu ɗanɗano.
Misali, bayan harshe yana da matuƙar saurin kamuwa da ɗanɗano mai ɗaci. Wannan na iya zama wata alama ta aminci ta juyin halitta. Domin abubuwa da yawa masu guba suna da ɗanɗano mai ɗaci, don haka samun damar gane cewa wani abu yana da ɗaci kuma yana da haɗari kafin a haɗiye shi zai iya ceton rai.
Waɗanne cututtuka ne ke shafar jin ɗanɗano?
Wani lokaci hankalinmu na ɗanɗano yana iya canzawa. Akwai yanayi da dama da ke iya haifar da hakan. Muna kiran waɗannan matsalolin ɗanɗano.
| Yanayin lafiya | Kawai a ce... |
|---|---|
| Ageusia | Rashin ɗanɗano gaba ɗaya. |
| Ciwon mara | Rashin fahimtar ɗanɗano (misali, wani abu mai daɗi yana da ɗanɗano mai ɗaci). |
| Hypogeusia | Rage jin daɗin ɗanɗano. |
| Matsalar ɗanɗanon fatalwa | Ɗanɗanon da ba shi da daɗi a baki yana ci gaba da ƙaruwa ko da babu komai a ciki. |
Bugu da ƙari, waɗannan abubuwa na iya shafar ɗanɗanon ku kuma su sa ɗanɗanon abinci ya bambanta:
- Cututtukan da ke cikin baki ko makogwaro (kamar gingivitis ).
- Rashin sinadarin Vitamin B12 ko kuma rashin sinadarin zinc .
- Cututtukan rayuwa kamar su ciwon suga ko matsalolin thyroid (hypothyroidism) .
- Cututtukan tsarin jijiyoyi (misali cutar Parkinson ).
- Lalacewar jijiyoyi.
- Ciwon acid (GERD) .
- Shan taba ko tauna taba.
- Shan barasa fiye da kima.
- Wasu magunguna (musamman magungunan chemotherapy don ciwon daji).
- Busasshen baki.
- Harshe mai ƙonewa.
Idan kana da wani canji na dogon lokaci a yanayin ɗanɗanonka, wanda ba a bayyana shi ba, yana da matuƙar muhimmanci ka yi magana da likitanka game da shi.
Yaya ake kiyaye lafiyar Rasa Divya?
Labari mai daɗi shine cewa ana gyara ƙwayoyin ɗanɗano da kuma sake farfaɗo da su akai-akai. A matsakaici, ƙwayoyin ɗanɗano suna sabunta ƙwayoyin halittarsu kusan duk bayan kwana 10. Don haka, ko da harshenka yana ƙonewa, ƙwayoyin ɗanɗano za su dawo daidai cikin 'yan kwanaki.
Duk da haka, ci gaba da lalacewa (kamar kamuwa da cuta akai-akai da shan taba) na iya kawo cikas ga wannan tsarin warkarwa. Don haka, ga wasu abubuwan da za ku iya yi don kula da ɗanɗanon ku sosai:
- Kada a yi amfani da kayayyakin taba. Shan taba yana lalata jin daɗin ɗanɗano sosai.
- A rage shan barasa.
- Kiyaye lafiyar baki. Ki kiyaye tsaftar haƙoranki, dattin haƙoranki, da harshenki.
- A bar abinci da abin sha masu zafi su huce kafin a ci/sha. Wannan zai iya taimakawa wajen hana ƙone harshenka.
- Kada ka sanya abubuwa masu sanyi sosai, kamar kankara, kai tsaye a kan harshenka.
Ɗanɗanon yana da kyau sosai a jikinmu, duk da ƙanƙantar girmansu, amma yana da kyau sosai. Idan ka kula da su sosai, za ka iya jin daɗin abinci mai daɗi har abada.
Saƙon Ɗauka Gida
- Ƙwayoyin ɗanɗano ƙananan gabobin ji ne a harshenka waɗanda ke taimaka maka ka ɗanɗana abinci da kuma gano abubuwa masu haɗari.
- Jin ƙamshi na hancinka yana taimaka maka ka ji ɗanɗano. Idan dukansu suka yi aiki tare, za ka sami cikakken ɗanɗano.
- Kada ka damu idan ɗanɗanonka ya lalace, yawanci suna sake girma cikin kimanin kwana 10.
- Shan taba, shan barasa mai yawa, da kuma rashin lafiyar baki na iya haifar da lalacewar jin daɗin ɗanɗano na dogon lokaci.
- Idan akwai wani canji na dogon lokaci a yanayin ɗanɗanonka, tabbatar da yin magana da likitanka game da shi.
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