Kana da ɗan damuwa game da kwayoyin halittar jaririnka? Bari mu yi magana game da Trisomy!

Wataƙila ka ji kalmar "Trisomy" ko kuma likitanka ya ambace ta. Abu ne na al'ada ka ji ɗan tsoro da son sani idan ka ji wannan. Menene trisomy? Me yasa yake faruwa? Ta yaya zai shafi jariri? Bari mu yi magana game da shi duka ta hanya mai sauƙi da za ka iya fahimta.

Menene Trisomy? A taƙaice...

Ka yi tunanin jikinmu ya ƙunshi miliyoyin ƙananan ƙwayoyin halitta. A cikin kowace ƙwayar halitta, akwai wuri kamar cibiyar kula da wannan ƙwayar halitta, wadda muke kira da ƙwayar halitta . A cikin wannan ƙwayar halitta akwai abubuwa da ake kira 'Chromosomes' . Waɗannan kamar littattafai ne. Komai game da jikinmu, kowace siffa da ke bambanta mu da wasu (kamar tsayi, launi, launin gashi, launin ido) an rubuta su a cikin waɗannan littattafan da ake kira chromosomes. Wannan bayanin shine abin da muke kira 'DNA' .

Yawanci, kowace ƙwayar halitta a cikin mutum mai lafiya tana da nau'i-nau'i 23 na waɗannan ƙwayoyin halitta. Jimilla 46 ke nan. Rabin waɗannan, 23, sun fito ne daga mahaifiyarmu, sauran rabin kuma, 23, sun fito ne daga mahaifinmu.

To, ga abin da trisomy ke nufi: Wani lokaci, ban da ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan nau'ikan chromosome, ana ƙara ƙarin chromosome. Sannan jimlar adadin chromosomes ya zama 47 maimakon 46. "Tri" yana nufin uku, kuma "somy" yana nufin wani abu kamar jiki. Don haka, trisomy kawai yana nufin samun chromosomes uku inda ya kamata su kasance biyu.

Ko da yake jariri mai wannan ƙarin chromosome za a iya haifansa cikakken lokaci, wani lokacin yana iya haifar da zubar ciki a cikin watanni uku na farko na ciki.

Mene ne manyan nau'ikan trisomy?

Likitoci suna gano wannan yanayin trisomy bisa ga abin da haɗin chromosome ɗin da ƙarin chromosome ɗin ke ciki. Saboda kowace haɗin chromosome tana da takamaiman aiki a jikinmu, yanayin kwayoyin halittar jariri zai bambanta dangane da inda aka ƙara ƙarin chromosome ɗin.

Mafi yawan cututtukan trisomy sune:

• Trisomy 21 : Wannan shine yanayin da muka sani da Down syndrome . Akwai ƙarin chromosome a cikin nau'in chromosome na 21.
• Trisomy 18 : Wannan kuma ana kiransa Edward syndrome .
• Trisomy 13 : Wannan ana kiransa Patau syndrome .

Hakazalika, nau'i-nau'i na chromosomes guda 23 a cikin tsarin halittarmu suna ƙayyade jinsinmu. Ana kiran waɗannan da "XX" ga mace da "XY" ga namiji. Lokacin da ƙwayoyin halitta suka rabu, rashin daidaituwa a cikin waɗannan ƙwayoyin halittar jima'i na iya faruwa, wanda ke haifar da trisomies. Misalan waɗannan sune:

• Trisomy X ('Trisomy X' ko 'XXX')
• Ciwon Klinefelter ('Ciwon Klinefelter' ko 'XXY')
• Ciwon Yakubu ('Ciwon Yakubu' ko 'XYY')

Su waye ne suka fi kamuwa da wannan yanayin trisomy?

A gaskiya ma, trisomy na iya faruwa a kowane mataki na ciki. Duk da haka, an gano cewa haɗarin ya ɗan fi girma idan mata 'yan sama da shekaru 35 suka yi ciki . Duk da haka, abin mamaki, yawancin jariran da aka haifa da trisomy ana haifa su ne ga iyaye 'yan ƙasa da shekaru 35. Wannan kuwa saboda, a kididdiga, ana haifar da ƙarin jarirai ga mutanen da ba su kai shekaru 35 ba.

Abu mafi mahimmanci: Trisomy ba abu ne da ke faruwa ta hanyar laifin uwa ko uba ba. Canjin kwayoyin halitta ne da ke faruwa ba zato ba tsammani.

Yaya yawan trisomy yake?

Nau'in trisomy da aka fi sani shine trisomy 21, ko Down syndrome. Misali, a Amurka kaɗai, ana haihuwar jarirai kusan 6,000 da Down syndrome kowace shekara. Wannan shine kusan ɗaya cikin kowace jarirai 700.

Mene ne alamun trisomy a lokacin daukar ciki?

A lokacin daukar hoton daukar hoton daukar ciki na ultrasound , likitanka zai duba alamun trisomy. Wasu daga cikin alamomin sun hada da:

• Adadin ruwan da ke kewaye da jariri (ruwan amniotic) ƙanƙanta ne sosai.
• Cibiyar jariri tana da jijiyar jini ɗaya kawai maimakon yawan jijiyar da aka saba gani.
• Madarar mahaifa ta fi ƙanƙanta fiye da yadda aka saba.
• Motsin jaririn (yana rawa) ya yi kama da bai kai haka ba.
• Jaririn yana kama da ƙarami fiye da shekarunsa na ainihi.
• Wasu matsalolin jiki, misali, wasu matsalolin zuciya ko kuma fashewar baki.

Menene alamun bayan an haifi jariri?

Alamomin da jariri zai iya fuskanta na iya bambanta dangane da nau'in trisomy. Wasu alamomin da aka saba gani sun haɗa da:

• Kasancewa gajere fiye da na al'ada (gajere).
• Fuska mai zagaye da fuska mai faɗi.
• Kallon da ke kan idanuwa.
• Bakin da ya yi kaca-kaca.
• Gabobin ciki (kamar zuciya, huhu, kodan) ba za su iya samar da kyau ba ko kuma suna iya samun matsala da aikinsu.
• Jinkirin ci gaba da nakasa ta hankali.

Me yasa wannan trisomy ke faruwa? Bayani mai zurfi na kimiyya...

An yi ƙwayoyin halittar da ke jikinmu a cikin tsari na musamman. Wannan jerin ƙwayoyin halitta yana kama da "tsarin" wanda muke. Lokacin da aka samar da ƙwayoyin halittar gabobin haihuwa (maniyyi a cikin maza, ƙwai a cikin mata), suna farawa da ƙwayar halitta guda ɗaya da aka haɗa. Wannan ƙwayar halitta tana yin wani tsari da ake kira meiosis . Nan ne ƙwayar halitta ɗaya ke raba sau biyu, tana samar da ƙwayoyin halitta huɗu. Kowace sabuwar ƙwayar halitta tana da rabin adadin DNA a cikin ƙwayar halitta ta asali, ko kuma chromosomes 23.

Wannan shine tsarin rarrabawar ƙwayoyin halitta (meiosis)., Wani lokaci ƙwayoyin halitta na iya rabuwa ba daidai ba. Idan hakan ta faru, ƙarin kwafin tantanin halitta yana zuwa ya haɗu da chromosomes guda biyu. Yawanci, ya kamata a sami chromosomes guda biyu a kowane biyu. Amma a nan, chromosome na uku yana samuwa kuma ya haɗu da wannan biyun. Wannan ana kiransa trisomy.

Trisomy yana faruwa ne a lokacin da ake yin hadi . Wannan lamari ne da bazuwar, ba wani abu da uwa ta yi a lokacin daukar ciki ba. Duk da haka, kamar yadda aka ambata a baya, haɗarin ya ɗan fi girma ga waɗanda suka yi ciki bayan shekara 35.

Ta yaya ake gane trisomy?

Gwajin kwayoyin halitta a lokacin daukar ciki na iya bayar da alamu game da kasancewar trisomy. Bayan an haifi jaririn, ana tabbatar da yanayin ta hanyar gwajin jiki da kuma wani gwajin kwayoyin halitta ta amfani da samfurin jini daga jaririn.

Wadanne gwaje-gwaje ake amfani da su don gano cutar trisomy?

A lokacin daukar ciki, likitanka zai iya yin odar samfurin jini daga mahaifiyarka da kuma hoton. Kamar yadda aka ambata a baya, hoton zai duba abubuwa kamar ruwa mai yawa a kusa da jaririn, rashin jin daɗi a lokacin haila , da kuma tsawon gaɓoɓin jaririn. Waɗannan na iya zama alamun rashin lafiyar kwayoyin halitta.

Bayan waɗannan gwaje-gwaje na asali, akwai ƙarin gwaje-gwaje na musamman don tabbatar da yanayin:

• Samfurin Chorionic villus (CVS): Tsakanin makonni 10 zuwa 13 na ciki, ana ɗaukar ƙaramin samfurin ƙwayoyin halitta daga mahaifa don gwada yanayin kwayoyin halitta da kuma jima'i na jaririn.
• Amniocentesis: Tsakanin makonni 15 zuwa 20 na ciki, ana ɗaukar ƙaramin samfurin ruwan amniotic da ke kewaye da jaririn don duba yiwuwar matsalolin lafiya.
• Sayen jinin cibiya ta hanyar amfani da na'urar daukar hoton jariri (PUBS): Ana ɗaukar ƙaramin samfurin jini daga cibiya ta jariri don duba lafiyar jaririn.
• Gwajin ciki mara cutarwa (NIPT): Bayan makonni 10 na ciki, ana gwada samfurin jini daga mahaifiyar don tantance ko jaririn yana da wata matsala ta kwayoyin halitta.

Ta yaya ake magance matsalolin trisomy?

Trisomy cuta ce da ke shafar lafiyar jiki har abada. Saboda haka, ana buƙatar magani na dogon lokaci don rage alamun da ke tattare da wannan yanayin. Maganin da yara da aka haifa da trisomy ke bayarwa sun haɗa da:

• Tiyata don gyara matsalolin jiki.
• Bayar da tallafin ilimi .
• Maganin magana, halayyar ɗabi'a da kuma motsa jiki .
• Magunguna don magance alamun wasu cututtukan lafiya waɗanda ka iya tasowa akan lokaci.

Akwai wata hanya ta rage haɗarin kamuwa da trisomy?

A gaskiya ma, ba za a iya hana yanayin kwayoyin halitta kamar trisomy ba. Saboda matsalar chromosomes tana faruwa ba zato ba tsammani yayin rabuwar ƙwayoyin halitta, za ku iya rage haɗarin haihuwar ɗa mai yanayin kwayoyin halitta ta hanyar yin waɗannan abubuwa:

• Fahimtar haɗarin daukar ciki idan kun wuce shekaru 35.
• Binciken kwayoyin halitta kafin daukar ciki.
• Gujewa amfani da kayayyakin taba da barasa.
• Kula da lafiyarka ta hanyar cin abinci mai kyau da kuma motsa jiki akai-akai.

Ta yaya wannan trisomy zai shafi jariri na?

Saboda ƙarin ƙwayoyin halittar da ke cikin jini yana canza "tsarin" jaririn, yana iya haifar da lahani ga haihuwa ( kamar siffofi na musamman na fuska) da nakasa ta hankali. Yaran da yawa da aka haifa da trisomy 12 za su kamu da wasu matsalolin lafiya (kamar kamuwa da kunne akai-akai, cututtukan zuciya, da kuma apnea na barci) bayan an gano cutar. Duk da haka, tare da magani mai kyau, yaronka zai iya rayuwa mai farin ciki da gamsuwa .

Duk da haka, jariran da aka haifa da cututtuka kamar Trisomy 18 ko Trisomy 13 ba su da damar tsira bayan makonnin farko na rayuwa (lokacin haihuwa) saboda tsananin yanayin (musamman jinkiri ko rashin daidaituwa a cikin ci gaban gabobi). Likitan ku zai tantance lafiyar jaririn ku kuma ya ba da magani don ƙara damar rayuwa ga jariran da aka haifa da waɗannan yanayi.

Yaushe ya kamata in ga likita?

Ɗaya daga cikin illolin da ke tattare da trisomy shine haɗarin zubar da ciki . Wannan yawanci yana faruwa ne a cikin watanni uku na farko na ciki. Idan kuna da ɗaya daga cikin alamun zubar da ciki (da aka lissafa a ƙasa), ku ga likitan ku nan da nan:

• Ciwon ciki na ƙasa, ciwon ciki.
• Ciwon baya na ƙasa.
• Ciwon ciki.
• Zubar jini kaɗan ko mai yawa.
• Ciwon mura da kuma zazzaɓi.

Waɗanne muhimman tambayoyi ne za a yi wa likita?

Idan kana da wasu tambayoyi game da wannan, kada ka ji tsoron tambayar likitanka. Ga wasu tambayoyi da za ka iya yi:

• Ta yaya zan iya rage haɗarin samun ɗa mai cutar kwayar halitta kamar trisomy?
• Wadanne gwaje-gwajen da ake yi kafin haihuwa ne kuke ba da shawarar a tabbatar ko jaririna yana da wata cuta ta kwayoyin halitta?
• Zan iya samun nasarar daukar ciki bayan an gano cewa ina da trisomy?

Mene ne bambanci tsakanin Trisomy da Monosomy?

Duk waɗannan yanayi ne na kwayoyin halitta.

• Trisomy shine kasancewar ƙarin kwafin chromosome.
• Monosomy shine rashin kwafin chromosome ɗaya (watau, asarar chromosome ɗaya).

Duk waɗannan yanayi na kwayoyin halitta suna faruwa ne sakamakon maye gurbin kwayoyin halitta da ke faruwa yayin rabuwar ƙwayoyin halitta. Ba za a iya hana wannan rashin daidaituwar faruwa ba yayin rabuwar ƙwayoyin halitta.

Abin da za a tuna daga abin da muka tattauna (Saƙon Ɗauka Gida)

Tunda babu wata hanyar hana matsalolin kwayoyin halitta kamar trisomy, idan kina shirin yin ciki, yi magana da likitanki game da gwajin kwayoyin halitta don tantance haɗarin haihuwar ɗa mai yanayin kwayoyin halitta.

Idan an gano kina da matsalar trisomy yayin da kike da juna biyu, kada ki firgita. Akwai tallafi da albarkatu da yawa da ke akwai don taimaka miki da jaririnki rayuwa mai kyau da gamsarwa. Shawarwari kan kwayoyin halitta na iya taimaka miki fahimtar yanayin jaririnki da kuma samar da kulawa da tallafin da yake buƙata yayin da yake girma. Ku tuna, ba ke kaɗai ba ce.

Trisomy , chromosomes, kwayoyin halitta, Down syndrome, ciki, gwajin kwayoyin halitta, Patau syndrome, Edward syndrome