Ua lohe anei ʻoe i kēia bacteria MRSA weliweli? (Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus) E kamaʻilio kākou me nā kikoʻī!

Ua lohe paha ʻoe e pili ana i kēia mau "superbugs" ma ka nūpepa, ma ke TV, a i ʻole ka ʻōlelo a kekahi, ʻeā? ʻO ia hoʻi, aia kekahi mau bacteria i hoʻopilikia ʻole ʻia e nā antibiotics maʻamau a mākou e hāʻawi ai e mālama i kahi maʻi, ʻo ia hoʻi, he kūpaʻa lākou. ʻO MRSA kekahi o ia mau mea, he mea weliweli iki, paʻakikī ke mālama i ka bacteria. ʻOiai hiki i kēia ke hoʻopilikia maoli i nā kānaka he nui, e aʻo hou kākou e pili ana iā MRSA i kēia lā. No ka mea, ʻo ka ʻike ʻana i nā mea e like me kēia he mea nui loa ia no ʻoe a me aʻu, no kākou a pau.

He aha maoli ka MRSA?

ʻAe, e nānā kākou i ke ʻano o MRSA. Ua loaʻa ka inoa pōkole ʻo MRSA mai ka inoa Pelekane lōʻihi ʻo 'Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus'. ʻOiai paha he mea paʻakikī iki ka inoa, ma nā huaʻōlelo maʻalahi penei: ʻO 'Staphylococcus aureus' kahi ʻano bacteria e hiki ke noho maʻamau ma ko kākou ʻili. Eia naʻe, ʻo kēia MRSA kahi ʻano kūikawā o kēlā bacteria 'Staphylococcus aureus'. ʻO ka mea kūikawā e pili ana i kēia, ʻo ia ke kūpaʻa o kēia bacteria i nā antibiotics ikaika ʻē aʻe he nui, me ka antibiotic 'Methicillin'. ʻO ia hoʻi, ʻoiai me kēia mau lāʻau lapaʻau, he paʻakikī loa ka pepehi ʻana i ka bacteria MRSA. ʻO ia ke kumu he paʻakikī hoʻi ka mālama ʻana iā ia.

He aha ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o ka maʻi Staph maʻamau a me ka maʻi MRSA?

He pilikia nō hoʻi kēia no nā kānaka he nui.

• Nā maʻi Staph: Hiki i kēia ke lilo i kekahi maʻi i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka bacteria Staphylococcus aureus . ʻOi aku ka maʻamau o lākou ma mua o MRSA, a hiki ke ho'ōla pinepine ʻia me nā antibiotics maʻamau.
• Maʻi MRSA: He maʻi kēia i hoʻokumu ʻia e kahi ʻano kikoʻī o ka bacteria Staph, e like me ka mea i ʻōlelo ʻia ma mua, kū i nā antibiotics he nui. ʻO ia ke kumu he ʻoi aku ka koʻikoʻi o nā maʻi MRSA a paʻakikī hoʻi e mālama.

Aia kekahi mau ʻano maʻi MRSA?

ʻAe, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā maʻi MRSA i ʻelua ʻano nui ma muli o ke kaiapuni: 1. MRSA i loaʻa i ka mālama ola (HA-MRSA): Hoʻolaha pinepine ʻia kēia ʻano ma waena o ka poʻe ma nā wahi mālama ola e like me nā haukapila a me nā hale mālama. 2. MRSA i loaʻa i ke kaiāulu (CA-MRSA): He mea kēia i ʻike nui ʻia mai ka makahiki 1980. ʻO ka mea kūikawā, hiki ke ulu i loko o ka poʻe olakino i hele ʻole i kekahi haukapila a i ʻole kahi mālama ola. Eia kekahi mau ʻano maʻi i hiki ke hana ʻia e MRSA:

• Nā maʻi ʻili a me nā ʻiʻo palupalu (SSTI): ʻO kēia ka mea maʻamau.
• Pneumonia :He maʻi e hoʻopilikia ai i nā māmā.
• Nā maʻi iwi a me nā hono (Osteomyelitis): Hoʻopilikia i nā iwi a me nā hono.
• ʻO ka maʻi bacteria o ke koko ( Bacteremia ): Ke komo nei nā bacteria i loko o ke kahe koko. He kūlana weliweli kēia.
• Endocarditis : Maʻi o ka paia o loko o ka puʻuwai.

He aha nā hōʻailona o MRSA?

Hiki ke ʻokoʻa nā hōʻailona MRSA ma muli o kahi i loaʻa ai iā ʻoe ka maʻi. Eia nō naʻe, aia kekahi mau hōʻailona maʻamau:

• Kuni.
• ʻEha ma kahi i loaʻa i ka maʻi.
• ʻUlaʻula, hoʻololi ʻili, pehu, ʻeha, pus a wai paha e hoʻopiha ana i ka ʻili. I kekahi manawa hiki i kēia maʻi ʻili MRSA ke like me ka nahu ʻana o ka nananana. No laila pono ʻoe e makaʻala.
• Kuke.
• Paʻakikī ka hanu ʻana.
• ʻEha ka umauma.
• Manaʻo luhi loa (Fatigue).
• ʻEha ʻiʻo a hui paha.

Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe kekahi a ʻoi aku paha o kēia mau hōʻailona, ​​​​ʻoiai inā he ʻeha ʻili, he mea naʻauao ke ʻimi i ke kōkua lapaʻau.

He aha ke kumu o ka MRSA?

Aia kekahi mau kumu e hoʻomohala ai ka bacteria Staphylococcus aureus i ke kū'ē ʻana i nā lāʻau lapaʻau.

• I kekahi manawa hana kūlohelohe kēia i ke kaiapuni.
• I kekahi manawa, hoʻomohala nā bacteria i nā ʻano pale e pakele ai i nā lāʻau antibiotic, e like me ke kūkulu ʻana i pale e pale aku iā lākou iho mai ka ʻenemi.
• ʻOi aku hoʻi ma nā wahi e like me nā haukapila, hiki i ka hoʻohana pinepine ʻana i nā antibiotics ke hoʻolilo i ka bacteria i kūʻē iā lākou.

He lāʻau antibiotic ʻo Methicillin e pili ana i ka penicillin. ʻOiai ʻo ka inoa MRSA e ʻōlelo nei "methicillin-resistant," ʻo nā ʻano MRSA he kūpaʻa maoli i nā lāʻau antibiotic ʻē aʻe he nui. Eia kekahi laʻana:

• ʻO nā ʻano ʻē aʻe o ka Penicillin (e.g. ʻAmoxicillin, ʻAmpicillin)
• ʻO nā `Cephalosporins` (e.g. `Cefepime`)
• Nā Carbapenems (e.g. Meropenem, Imipenem)

Ma keʻano laulā, ʻoi aku ka paʻa o ka MRSA pili i ka haukapila (HA-MRSA) i kekahi mau lāʻau antibiotic ma mua o ka MRSA pili i ke kaiāulu (CA-MRSA).

Pehea e laha ai ka MRSA?

He mea nui loa nō hoʻi kēia. Loaʻa i kekahi poʻe ka bacteria MRSA ma ko lākou ʻili a i ʻole ma ko lākou ihu, akā ʻaʻole lākou e maʻi. Ua kapa ʻia kēia he koloni ʻana o ka bacteria i loko o ke kino.Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe ka MRSA e noho ana ma kou kino, ʻoiai inā ʻaʻohe ou hōʻailona, ​​e hōʻike ana kahi hoʻāʻo swab ihu a ʻili paha he MRSA kou. Hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻolaha i ka MRSA i nā poʻe ʻē aʻe mai kahi mea i loaʻa iā ia. Aia kekahi mau ala e hiki ai ke hoʻolaha ʻia ka MRSA:

• Ma o ka launa pololei ʻana me kahi mea i loaʻa a i hoʻomoana ʻia paha me MRSA.
• Ma ka hoʻopā ʻana i nā mea a i ʻole nā ​​ʻili i haumia ʻia me ka bacteria. Hiki i ka MRSA ke ola ma luna o nā ʻili no nā pule!
• Ma ka kaʻana like ʻana i nā mea pilikino i haumia i nā bacteria. Eia kekahi laʻana, nā moe, nā lole, nā lako lapaʻau a i ʻole nā ​​​​lako haʻuki, nā kāwele, nā ʻumiʻumi, nā lako ʻai, a pēlā aku.
• Ma o nā lako lapaʻau i haumia i hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o ke kino (e.g. he laina venous waena, he ʻōmole hanu).

ʻAe, he maʻi lele ka MRSA. Hiki ke laha ma o ka pili ʻana o ka ʻili i ka ʻili a i ʻole ma ka hoʻopā ʻana i nā ʻili i haumia ʻia me ka bacteria. I kekahi manawa hiki ke laha ma waena o nā ʻohana a i ʻole nā ​​​​kānaka e noho ana ma ka hale hoʻokahi.

ʻO wai ka mea i ʻoi aku ka nui o ka pilikia o ka hoʻomohala ʻana iā MRSA?

ʻOi aku ka pilikia o kekahi poʻe i ka loaʻa ʻana o ka maʻi MRSA ma mua o nā poʻe ʻē aʻe. ʻO kēia mau mea:

• ʻO ka poʻe e hoʻokomo ana i nā lāʻau lapaʻau kū ʻole i ke kānāwai i loko o ko lākou kino.
• ʻO ka poʻe e pāʻani ana i nā haʻuki e pono ai ka pilina kokoke (e.g. rugby).
• ʻO ka poʻe e hana ana ma kahi ʻoihana mālama ola.
• Ka poʻe e noho pū ana ma nā hui (e like me nā hale koa, nā hale paʻahao).
• ʻO nā kānaka me kekahi mau maʻi e hoʻonāwaliwali ai i ka ʻōnaehana pale (e like me ka maʻi diabetes, ka maʻi puʻupaʻa, ka maʻi HIV, ke kanesa).
• ʻO ka poʻe e lawe ana i nā lāʻau lapaʻau immunosuppressive.
• ʻO ka poʻe i hoʻokomo ʻia kahi mea lapaʻau i loko o ko lākou kino (e.g., kahi hui hana).
• ʻO ka poʻe i noho ma ka haukapila a i ʻole ma kahi hale mālama lōʻihi no ka manawa lōʻihi.

He aha nā pilikia e hiki ke loaʻa mai ka MRSA?

Inā ʻaʻole hiki i nā kauka ke kāohi i kahi maʻi MRSA me nā lāʻau antibiotic, hiki iā ia ke alakaʻi i nā pilikia koʻikoʻi. ʻO kekahi o kēia mau mea:

• Sepsis a me ka septic shock: He pane nui kēia na ke kino i kahi maʻi. Hiki i kēia ke hana i ke koko haʻahaʻa, ka hōʻino ʻana o nā ʻiʻo, a me ka hāʻule ʻana o nā ʻōkana.
• Ka pilikia hanu a me ka hāʻule ʻana.
• Ka nalowale ʻana o nā lālā i loaʻa i ka maʻi (ʻoki ʻia).

ʻO nā mea e like me kēia ke kumu e pono ai mākou e hopohopo e pili ana iā MRSA.

Pehea e ʻike ai i ka maʻi MRSA?

Hoʻomaopopo ke kauka i kahi maʻi MRSA ma ka lawe ʻana i kahi hāpana o nā ʻiʻo kino a i ʻole ka wai a hoʻouna iā ia i kahi keʻena hoʻokolohua no ka hoʻāʻo ʻana. Hiki iā lākou ke hoʻāʻo e ulu (moʻomeheu) i ka bacteria mai ka hāpana. ʻO nā ʻano hāpana e hiki ke hoʻāʻo ʻia:

• Koko.
• ʻIʻo mai kahi ʻeha.
• Mimi.
• ʻO ka sputum (ka phlegm e puka mai ana mai loko mai o nā māmā me ka ʻū ʻana)

I kekahi manawa lawe pū nā kauka i kahi hāpana mai ka ʻili a i ʻole ka ihu (nasal swab) e nānā no ka colonization MRSA.

Pehea e mālama ʻia ai ka MRSA?

I ka mālama ʻana i nā maʻi MRSA, nānā nā kauka i ʻelua mau mea nui: 1. Ka mālama pono ʻana i nā ʻeha hāmama. 2. Ke ʻimi nei i kahi antibiotic e kūpono ana i ke ʻano o MRSA āu e loaʻa ai. Hoʻōla ʻia nā ʻeha ma ka hoʻokahe ʻana i ka pus mai ka ʻeha, a i kekahi manawa pono ke ʻoki ʻana e wehe i nā ʻiʻo i loaʻa i ka maʻi. Eia kekahi, hiki ke wehe ʻia nā mea hana (e like me nā hono hana) i hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o ke kino inā loaʻa iā lākou ka maʻi. Hoʻōla ʻia nā maʻi MRSA koʻikoʻi ma kahi haukapila me nā antibiotic intravenous (IV).

Nā lāʻau antibiotic i hoʻohana ʻia no nā maʻi MRSA

Aia kekahi mau ʻano antibiotic e hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia no MRSA. Akā e hoʻomanaʻo, pono e hāʻawi ʻia kēia mau mea ma ke ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo a ke kauka.

• ʻO Vancomycin
• ʻO ka Rifampin
• ʻO ka Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMX)
• ʻO Ceftaroline
• ʻO Linezolid
• ʻO Daptomycin
• ʻO Clindamycin
• ʻO Doxycycline (Doxycycline)
• ʻO Delafloxacin

I kekahi manawa ua kapa ʻia ʻo MRSA he "superbug" no ka mea he kūpaʻa ia i nā antibiotic he nui, e paʻakikī ai ke mālama. I kekahi manawa e hoʻoholo paha nā kauka e hāʻawi i nā antibiotic he nui i ka manawa like e hakakā ai i kēia bacteria.

Pehea e pale ai iā ʻoe iho mai MRSA?

Hahai nā limahana mālama ola i nā ʻano hana palekana a me ka disinfection e pale aku i nā maʻi i loaʻa i ka mālama ola e like me MRSA. ʻO kekahi o kēia mau mea:

• E holoi pinepine i kou mau lima.
• Ke hoʻomaʻemaʻe nei i nā ʻili.
• Ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana i nā lako lapaʻau.
• Ke nānā ʻana i nā mea maʻi a me nā malihini kipa i nā haukapila a me nā ʻoihana olakino.
• ʻO ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i ka poʻe i loaʻa i ka MRSA e pale aku i ka laha ʻana i nā poʻe ʻē aʻe.

Aia kekahi mau hana hiki iā ʻoe ke hana e pale aku iā ʻoe iho mai ka MRSA pili i ke kaiāulu (CA-MRSA):

• Inā he mau ʻeha, e mālama iā lākou i ka maʻemaʻe a kāʻei pono iā lākou.
• Mai kaʻana like i nā mea pilikino e like me nā kāwele a me nā ʻumiʻumi me nā poʻe ʻē aʻe.
• Mai hoʻohana hou i nā nila (ʻoiai ʻo kāu ponoʻī) i hoʻohana ʻia e hoʻokomo i nā lāʻau lapaʻau a i ʻole nā ​​​​lāʻau lapaʻau i kū ʻole i ke kānāwai.
• E wehe i ke kāwele ma mua o ka noho ʻōlohelohe ʻana ma luna o kahi noho ma ka lumi lole o kahi hale hoʻoikaika kino.
• E holoi pinepine i nā lole moe, nā kāwele, a me nā lole hoʻoikaika kino i ka wai wela. E hoʻomaloʻo pono. ʻAʻohe pono e hoʻokeʻokeʻo, a ʻaʻohe pono e holoi i nā mea e lepo paha ma kahi ʻokoʻa.
• E ʻauʻau koke ma hope o ka hoʻoikaika kino a i ʻole nā ​​​​hana e hoʻonui ai i kou pilikia o ka hōʻike ʻana iā MRSA.
• E holoi i nā ʻili i hoʻopā pinepine ʻia e like me nā kuapo uila, nā mana mamao, a me nā lako haʻuki me ka disinfectant. E nānā i ka lepili e ʻike i nā disinfectants e pepehi i nā bacteria Staph.
• E holoi pinepine i kou mau lima me ke kopa a me ka wai mahana no ka liʻiliʻi he 20 kekona. Inā ʻaʻole hiki ke holoi i kou mau lima, e hoʻohana i kahi mea hoʻomaʻemaʻe lima i loaʻa ka waiʻona .

Inā he mea lapaʻau kāu, e like me ka catheter, i hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o kou kino, e nīnau i kāu kauka i ka lōʻihi o ka mālama ʻia ʻana a pehea e pale ai iā ʻoe iho mai nā maʻi i loko o ia manawa.

He aha kāu e manaʻo ai inā loaʻa iā ʻoe ka MRSA?

Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe kahi maʻi ʻili, e mālama kāu kauka iā ia ma ka ʻoki ʻana i ka ʻeha a me ka hoʻokahe ʻana i ka pus. Hiki ke hāʻawi ʻia iā ʻoe kahi ʻōpala ʻili a i ʻole nā ​​​​lāʻau antibiotic waha. Eia nō naʻe, inā loaʻa iā ʻoe kahi maʻi MRSA koʻikoʻi a laha paha, pono paha ʻoe e noho i ka haukapila no ka mālama ʻana. ʻO ka MRSA i loaʻa i ke kaiāulu (CA-MRSA), ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o ka mālama ʻana i nā maʻi ʻili ma mua o ka MRSA i loaʻa i ka haukapila (HA-MRSA). Eia nō naʻe, ma kahi o 70% o nā maʻi ʻili MRSA e hoʻi hou mai ma hope o ka mālama ʻana i ka holomua. Hiki paha kēia no ka mea ua noho nā poʻe ʻē aʻe āu e noho pū ai me MRSA, a no ka mea hiki i ka bacteria MRSA ke noho ma nā mea a me nā ʻili no ka manawa lōʻihi, e hoʻoulu ai iā ʻoe e maʻi hou.

E hoʻokaʻawale ʻia anei au mai nā poʻe ʻē aʻe inā loaʻa iaʻu ka MRSA?

Inā ʻoe e mālama ʻia ana ma kahi haukapila, hiki ke waiho ʻia ʻoe i loko o kahi lumi hoʻokahi a i ʻole ma lalo o nā kapu kūikawā e pale aku i ka laha ʻana o MRSA i nā poʻe ʻē aʻe. Hiki i nā limahana lapaʻau ke noi aku i nā malihini e ʻaʻahu i nā mikina lima lapaʻau, nā ʻaʻahu komo, a i ʻole nā ​​pale maka.

Pehea ka lōʻihi o ka laha ʻana o ka MRSA?

Hiki ke laha nā bacteria MRSA inā e hōʻoia nā hoʻokolohua aia lākou i loko o kou kino a i ʻole ma kou ʻili. E lawe kāu kauka i kahi swab mai kou ihu a i ʻole ka ʻili a hoʻāʻo no MRSA e ʻike inā he laha mau ʻoe.

Hiki ke ho'ōla loa ʻia ka MRSA? He aha ka nui o ka make?

ʻAe, ʻoi aku ma mua o ka hapalua o nā hihia MRSA ua ho'ōla ʻia me nā antibiotics. A, hiki ke mālama pono ʻia ka hapa nui o nā maʻi ʻili MRSA. Eia nō naʻe, hiki i nā maʻi koʻikoʻi, e like me ka pneumonia, endocarditis, a me ka bacteremia, ke lilo koke i mea ʻino ma mua o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka lāʻau kūpono i ke kauka. ʻOkoʻa ka nui o ka make no MRSA ma muli o kahi o ka maʻi. No ka laʻana, inā hoʻoulu ʻo MRSA i ka bacteremia i loko o ke koko - ke ʻano koʻikoʻi loa - hiki i ka nui o ka make ma waena o 20% a me 50%. Hāʻawi kēlā iā ʻoe i kahi manaʻo o ke koʻikoʻi o kēia.

Āhea ʻoe e ʻike ai i ke kauka?

Inā he mea lapaʻau kāu i loko o kou kino a inā nāwaliwali kou ʻōnaehana pale, e nīnau i kāu kauka i nā hōʻailona o ka maʻi āu e makaʻala ai. E ʻike i kāu kauka inā loaʻa iā ʻoe kekahi mau hōʻailona kānalua. E ʻike mau i ke kauka inā loaʻa iā ʻoe kahi ʻeha nui a i ʻole kahi ʻeha i hoʻōla ʻole ʻia. ʻOiai ʻoe ma ka haukapila, he mea nui e mālama i ke kamaʻilio maikaʻi me kāu hui lapaʻau. E haʻi iā lākou inā loaʻa iā ʻoe kekahi mau hōʻailona o ka maʻi, e like me ka ʻeha, ka piʻi ʻana o ka puʻuwai, ka nāwaliwali, a i ʻole ke kuni.

I ka manawa hea ʻoe e pono ai e hele i ka Emergency Treatment Unit (ETU) ?

Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe kekahi o kēia mau hōʻailona koʻikoʻi, e hele koke i ka lumi pilikia:

• Inā ʻoi aku ke kuni ma mua o 103 degere Fahrenheit (40 degere Celsius).
• Inā ʻeha ka ʻeha, ʻala maikaʻi ʻole, a i ʻole ua piha i ka wai ʻōmaʻomaʻo, melemele, a ʻeleʻele paha.
• ʻEha ka umauma.
• Paʻakikī ka hanu ʻana.
• Ka hāʻule koke ʻana o ke koko (nā hōʻailona: nāwaliwali, poniuniu, maule).

He aha nā nīnau āu e nīnau ai i ke kauka?

Ke kamaʻilio ʻoe me ke kauka e pili ana iā MRSA, he mea kōkua ke nīnau i kēia mau nīnau:

• He aha nā koho lapaʻau e loaʻa iaʻu?
• Āhea e hiki ai iaʻu ke hoʻi i ka hana/kula?
• Pehea e hiki ai iaʻu ke pale aku iaʻu iho mai ka hoʻolaha ʻana i ka MRSA i nā poʻe ʻē aʻe?
• He aha kaʻu e hana ai e pale aku i kēia ʻano maʻi mai ka hiki ʻana mai i ka wā e hiki mai ana?

ʻO ka mea hope loa, nā mea e hoʻomanaʻo ai

Ua lohe paha ʻoe i nā nūhou weliweli e pili ana iā MRSA. Eia nō naʻe, ke hana ikaika nei nā limahana olakino e pale aku i kona laha ʻana ma nā haukapila a me nā wahi ʻē aʻe, a ke emi nei nā hihia MRSA (HA-MRSA) e pili ana i ka haukapila ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa a me ʻEulopa. Eia nō naʻe, hiki i nā ʻano MRSA āpau ke hana i nā maʻi e hiki ke make. Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe nā hōʻailona o kahi maʻi koʻikoʻi a i ʻole kahi ʻeha e ola ʻole ai, ʻoiai inā he mea lapaʻau kāu a i ʻole kahi ʻōnaehana pale nāwaliwali, e ʻimi koke i ka ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo lapaʻau. E haʻi i kāu kauka e pili ana i nā kūlana olakino āu, nā mea āu, a inā paha ua hala koke ʻoe i ka manawa nui ma ka haukapila. Hiki i kēia ʻike ke kōkua iā lākou e ʻike i ke kumu o kāu mau hōʻailona a mālama i nā maʻi i ka hikiwawe loa. ʻO ka ʻike ka pale maikaʻi loa e kūʻē i ka maʻi! MRSA, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, nā maʻi bacteria, ke kūʻē ʻana i ka antibiotic, nā maʻi ʻili, nā maʻi haukapila, nā maʻi i loaʻa i ke kaiāulu