E aʻo kākou e pili ana i nā koa liʻiliʻi i loko o kou kino - nā lymphocytes.

Makemake mākou a pau e olakino. No laila, ua ʻike anei ʻoe he ʻōnaehana pale kupaianaha ko ko mākou kino e pale aku iā mākou mai nā maʻi? He mau lālā koʻikoʻi loa nā Lymphocytes o kēlā ʻōnaehana pale. I ka ʻōlelo maʻalahi, ua like lākou me nā koa liʻiliʻi i loko o ko mākou kino. E kamaʻilio hou kākou e pili ana i kēia mau lymphocytes i kēia lā.

He aha maoli nā lymphocytes?

ʻO nā Lymphocytes kahi ʻano o nā cell i kapa ʻia he mau cell koko keʻokeʻo. ʻAe, ua lohe ʻoe aia nā cell ʻulaʻula a me nā cell keʻokeʻo i loko o ke koko. He hui kūikawā nā Lymphocytes o nā cell keʻokeʻo. ʻO kā lākou hana nui ke kōkua i kā mākou ʻōnaehana pale. Ua like ka ʻōnaehana pale me ka pūʻali koa pale ma ko mākou ʻāina. Aia kēia ʻōnaehana e pale iā mākou mai nā ʻenemi e hele mai ana mai waho (ʻo ia hoʻi, mai nā germs , bacteria, viruses e hoʻoulu ai i nā maʻi).

ʻElua mau ʻano nui o nā lymphocytes:

• Nā lymphocytes T (nā pūnaewele T): ʻO kēia nā mea e kāohi i nā pane a ka ʻōnaehana pale. Hiki iā lākou ke loaʻa nā pūnaewele i loaʻa i ka maʻi a me nā pūnaewele maʻi kanesa a hoʻouka pololei a luku iā lākou.
• Nā lymphocytes B (a i ʻole nā ​​​​​​pūnaewele B): ʻO kēia nā mea e hana i nā mea i kapa ʻia he antibodies. He ʻano protein nā antibodies. I ka pololei, ua like kēia me nā mea kaua i hoʻomohala kūikawā ʻia e ʻike a hakakā i nā mea hoʻouka kaua haole e like me nā virus a me nā bacteria.

No laila, he aha ka lawelawe a kēia mau lymphocytes e hāʻawi ai i ko mākou kino?

ʻAʻole he mau pūnaewele wale nō nā lymphocytes. Hana lākou i kahi lawelawe nui no ko mākou kino.

ʻO ke kumu nui, kōkua kēia mau lymphocytes i ka hakakā ʻana i nā hunaola kanesa a me ke kaua ʻana i nā antigens e like me nā maʻi a me nā bacteria mai waho.

ʻAʻole wale kēlā, akā he hoʻomanaʻo kupaianaha ko kēia mau lymphocytes. Hoʻomanaʻo lākou i kēlā me kēia antigen a lākou e hālāwai ai. E noʻonoʻo, inā loaʻa iā ʻoe ka maʻi ʻūlū i kou wā kamaliʻi , e loaʻa hou iā ʻoe ka maʻi ʻūlū i ka wā e ulu ana, ʻeā? Pēlā nō hoʻi no ka chickenpox. ʻO ia ma muli o ka hoʻomanaʻo o kēia mau lymphocytes. ʻO kekahi mau lymphocytes, ma hope o ka hālāwai ʻana me kahi antigen, lilo lākou i "nā pūnaewele hoʻomanaʻo". A laila, inā komo hou mai ka antigen like i loko o ke kino, ʻike koke kēia mau pūnaewele hoʻomanaʻo a pane koke. ʻO ia ke kumu ʻaʻole mākou e loaʻa i kekahi mau maʻi i ʻelua manawa. Ma muli o kēia kumumanaʻo hiki iā mākou ke pale ʻia mai kekahi mau maʻi ma ka hāʻawi ʻana i nā lāʻau pale.

Pehea e hana ai nā pūnaewele T a me nā pūnaewele B?

Hana pū kēia mau pūnaewele T a me nā pūnaewele B, akā ʻokoʻa iki kā lāua kuleana.

Ke kuleana o nā pūnaewele T

ʻO nā pūnaewele T ke kuleana nui no ka luku ʻana i nā pūnaewele i loaʻa i ka maʻi a me ka kaohi ʻana i ka pane a ko mākou kino i nā mea ʻē. Eia nō naʻe, pono nā pūnaewele T he nui i ke kōkua o kahi pūnaewele pale ʻē aʻe e hana. Ke hoʻāla ʻia nā pūnaewele T, hoʻonui lākou (ʻo ia hoʻi, hoʻonui i ka nui) a loea i nā ʻano pūnaewele T like ʻole. ʻO kēia mau ʻano:

• Nā pūnaewele T Cytotoxic : Ua like kēia me nā pūʻali koa kūikawā ma ke kahua kaua. Hoʻopili kēia mau pūnaewele i nā antigens ma nā pūnaewele i loaʻa i ka maʻi a i ʻole nā ​​​​​​mea ʻē. A laila hana lākou i nā lua i loko o ka membrane cell o nā pūnaewele i loaʻa i ka maʻi, hoʻokomo i nā enzymes , a pepehi iā lākou.
• Nā pūnaewele T kōkua: E like me ka inoa e hōʻike nei, kōkua kēia i nā pūnaewele pale ʻē aʻe. Kōkua kekahi i nā pūnaewele B e hana i nā antibodies. Kōkua kekahi i nā pūnaewele T cytotoxic e hoʻāla.
• Nā pūnaewele T hoʻoponopono: Hoʻopuka kēia mau pūnaewele i nā mea e kōkua ai i ka hoʻopau ʻana i ka pane ʻana o ka ʻōnaehana pale. I kekahi manawa, kōkua pū lākou i ka pale ʻana i ko mākou kino ponoʻī mai ka loaʻa ʻana o nā hopena ʻino.

Ka hana o nā pūnaewele B

Loaʻa i nā pūnaewele B nā mea loaʻa kūikawā ma ko lākou ʻili e hoʻopaʻa ai i nā antigens. Aʻo nā pūnaewele B e ʻike i kēia mau antigens like ʻole a hana i nā antibodies kikoʻī e hoʻouka i kēlā me kēia. Pane nā pūnaewele B i nā antigens ma nā ʻano ʻelua:

• Pane pale kino mua: Ke hoʻopili ʻia kahi antigen me kahi receptor, hoʻoulu ʻia nā pūnaewele B. Lilo kekahi mau pūnaewele B i "nā pūnaewele hoʻomanaʻo." Lilo nā pūnaewele B ʻē aʻe i "nā pūnaewele plasma." Hana kēia mau pūnaewele plasma i nā antibodies e pili pono ana i ka antigen i hoʻoulu ʻia. Eia nō naʻe, hiki ke hala i kekahi mau lā no ka nui o nā antibodies e pono ai e hana ʻia.
• Pane pale kino lua: E noʻonoʻo i ka mea e hana ʻia inā hoʻi hou mai ka antigen like i hiki mai ma mua i ke kino. A laila, hoʻomanaʻo kēlā mau cell hoʻomanaʻo iā ia. Hoʻonui koke lākou, lilo i mau cell plasma, a hana koke i nā antibodies. ʻO kēia ke kumu e hoʻōla koke ai ʻoe ke maʻi ʻoe i ka lua o ka manawa.

No laila, ma hea i loko o ko kākou kino i hana ʻia ai a loaʻa ai kēia mau lymphocytes?

Hoʻopuka ʻia nā lymphocytes i loko o ko kākou iwi ʻiʻo.A laila, oʻo lākou, ʻo ia hoʻi ke ulu maikaʻi nei lākou, a komo i ke kahe koko. Hiki ke loaʻa nā lymphocytes oʻo i loko o ko kākou koko a ma nā ʻāpana āpau o ka ʻōnaehana lymphatic .

Hele kekahi mau lymphocytes i kahi i kapa ʻia ʻo ko mākou thymus gland . Lilo kēlā mau lymphocytes i mau pūnaewele T. Hele nā ​​lymphocytes ʻē aʻe i ko mākou mau lymph nodes a me nā ʻōpū ʻē aʻe. ʻO lākou ka poʻe e lilo i mau pūnaewele B.

Pehea ke ʻano o nā lymphocytes?

ʻO nā lymphocytes he mau pūnaewele i ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o nā hunaola koko ʻulaʻula. Eia nō naʻe, ua liʻiliʻi loa lākou no ka ʻike ʻia ma lalo o kahi microscope. Loaʻa i kēlā me kēia lymphocyte kahi nucleus nui ma waenakonu. He poni ʻeleʻele kēia nucleus. ʻO ka mea e like me ka jelly a puni ia, i kapa ʻia ʻo cytoplasm , he poni māmā.

He aha ka helu maʻamau o nā lymphocytes?

Hiki ke ʻokoʻa ka helu o nā lymphocytes i loko o ko kākou kino mai kēlā kanaka a kēia kanaka. Aia ia i nā mea e like me ka makahiki, ka lāhui, ke kāne, ke kiʻekiʻe, a me ko kākou nohona.

• I ke kanaka makua, aia ma waena o 1,000 a me 4,800 mau lymphocytes no kēlā me kēia microliter o ke koko.
• No nā keiki ʻōpio, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o kēia helu. Loaʻa paha iā lākou ma waena o 3,000 a me 9,500 lymphocytes no kēlā me kēia microliter o ke koko.

ʻO ka maʻamau, ʻo nā lymphocytes e hana ma waena o 20% a me 40% o nā hunaola koko keʻokeʻo āpau i loko o ko mākou kino.

He aha ka mea e hana inā kiʻekiʻe ka nui o nā lymphocytes?

Ke kiʻekiʻe aʻe ka helu o nā lymphocytes i loko o ke koko ma mua o ka maʻamau, kapa mākou ia he lymphocytosis . Hana pinepine kēia ma muli o kahi maʻi a maʻi paha. I kekahi manawa hana ko mākou kino i nā lymphocytes keu e kōkua i ke kaua ʻana i nā maʻi.

Eia nō naʻe, hiki i kekahi mau kūlana koʻikoʻi ke hoʻonui i ka helu o nā lymphocytes. ʻO kekahi o kēia mau kūlana:

• Hepatitis
• ʻO ka maʻi syphilis
• ʻO ka mononucleosis
• ʻO ka maʻi puʻupuʻu
• HIV a me AIDS
• ʻO ka hypothyroidism
• Nā maʻi e like me ka ʻū whooping, toxoplasmosis, a i ʻole cytomegalovirus
• Nā maʻi ʻaʻai koko e like me ka lymphoma a i ʻole ka leukemia

He aha ka mea e hana ai inā haʻahaʻa ka nui o nā lymphocytes?

Ke emi ka helu o nā lymphocytes i loko o ke koko ma mua o ka maʻamau, kapa mākou ia he lymphocytopenia a i ʻole lymphopenia . Hiki ke hana kēia ma muli o ka maʻi flu a i ʻole kekahi maʻi liʻiliʻi ʻē aʻe. Eia nō naʻe, hiki i kahi maʻi a i ʻole ke kūlana koʻikoʻi ke kumu i ka emi ʻana o ka helu o nā lymphocytes. Eia kekahi o nā kumu:

• HIV a i ʻole AIDS
• ʻO ka maʻi puʻupuʻu a i ʻole ka maʻi Typhoid
• Hepatitis viral
• Nā maʻi koko e like me ka maʻi Hodgkin
• Nā maʻi autoimmune e like me ka lupus
• Nā kūlana hoʻoilina laha ʻole e like me ka Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (SCID), Ataxia-telangiectasia, DiGeorge syndrome, a me Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome
• Nā lāʻau lapaʻau e like me ka radiation therapy a i ʻole chemotherapy

He aha nā hoʻokolohua e nānā ai inā olakino koʻu pae lymphocyte?

Aia kekahi mau hoʻāʻo koko e hiki ai ke hoʻoholo i ka helu o nā lymphocytes i loko o kou koko. ʻO nā mea nui:

• Helu Lymphocyte Loa: He ʻāpana kēia o ka hoʻāʻo Helu Koko Piha (CBC) maʻamau. Ana ia i ka helu o nā lymphocytes i loko o kou koko ma ke ʻano he helu loa, ʻaʻole ma ke ʻano he pakeneka.
• ʻO ka cytometry kahe: He hoʻāʻo kēia i hana ʻia ma kahi keʻena hoʻokolohua kūikawā. Hoʻoheheʻe ʻia kahi hāpana o kou koko i loko o kahi wai a hoʻouna ʻia ma o kahi mea laser i kapa ʻia he cytometer kahe. Hoʻopuehu ke kukui laser i kāu mau hunaola koko i loko o nā ʻano. ʻAe nā ʻano i nā ʻano like ʻole e ʻike maopopo ʻia a helu ʻia.

He aha nā hōʻailona maʻamau o nā kūlana e pili ana i nā lymphocytes?

I ka hapanui o nā hihia, ʻaʻohe hōʻailona kikoʻī o ka lymphocytosis (ka piʻi ʻana o nā lymphocytes) a i ʻole lymphocytopenia (ka emi ʻana o nā lymphocytes). Eia nō naʻe, inā piʻi ka helu o nā lymphocytes ma muli o kahi maʻi koko a i ʻole ke kanesa, hiki ke ʻike ʻia nā hōʻailona e pili ana i kēlā maʻi. ʻO kekahi o kēia mau hōʻailona:

• Nā ʻōpū lymph pehu
• Nā hou o ka pō
• kuni
• ʻEha ʻōpū
• Ka nalowale o ka makemake
• Pōkole o ka hanu

ʻO ka mea hope loa, ʻo ka mea nui loa e pono ai ʻoe e hoʻomanaʻo!

He ʻano koko keʻokeʻo koʻikoʻi nā lymphocytes i loko o ko kākou kino. ʻO lākou ka ʻāpana nui o kā kākou ʻōnaehana pale a pale iā kākou mai nā maʻi. Hiki i kahi hoʻāʻo koko maʻalahi ke haʻi iā ʻoe i ka nui o nā lymphocytes āu.

Hiki ke hopohopo iki ke ʻike inā ʻoi aku ke kiʻekiʻe a i ʻole ka haʻahaʻa o kāu mau lymphocytes ma mua o ka maʻamau. Akā i ka hapa nui o ka manawa, ʻo ka loli ʻana o kāu helu lymphocyte hiki ke hōʻike i kou kino e hakakā nei i kahi maʻi. No laila, mai hopohopo pono ʻole.

Inā he kānalua a nīnau paha kāu e pili ana i kēia, ʻo ka mea maikaʻi loa e hana ai, ʻo ia ke ʻike i kāu kauka a kamaʻilio e pili ana. E hiki i kāu kauka ke ʻike i ke kumu pololei a hana i nā mea e pono ai e hoʻihoʻi iā ʻoe i ka maʻamau.