He aha kēia mau pūnaewele kumu? (Nā Pūnaewele Kumu) E ʻike pono kākou!

Ua noʻonoʻo paha ʻoe pehea i hana ʻia ai ko kākou mau kino, a pehea e hoʻohou hou ai kēia mau ʻāpana iā lākou iho i ko kākou ulu ʻana? He mea kupaianaha maoli ko kākou mau kino. ʻO kahi ʻāpana koʻikoʻi o kēia hana ʻana, ʻo ia nā ʻāpana kumu a kākou e kamaʻilio ai i kēia lā, a i ʻole e like me kāu i lohe ai, "Nā ʻĀpana Kumu".

No laila he aha kēia mau pūnaewele kumu?

I ka ʻōlelo maʻalahi, inā he hale nui kou kino, ua like kēia mau cell kumu me ke kahua o kēlā hale. ʻO kēia mau cell kumu wale nō ke ʻano o ke cell i loko o ko mākou kino, a hiki iā lākou ke hana i nā ʻano cell ʻē aʻe e hana i nā hana kikoʻī. E noʻonoʻo wale, he mau triliona o nā cell i loko o ko mākou kino, a hiki i kēia mau cell kumu ke hana i nā ʻano cell kūikawā he 200 a ʻoi. No ka laʻana, nā mea e like me nā cell koko, nā cell iwi. Hoʻokahi ʻano cell kumu e kūkulu mua i ko mākou kino holoʻokoʻa. A laila, ʻo kekahi ʻano cell kumu, e like me kahi hui mālama, e hana i nā hoʻoponopono i nā ʻāpana like ʻole o ko mākou kino.

Pehea e hana ai kēia mau pūnaewele kumu?

ʻElua mau mea a nā pūnaewele kumu e hana ai ʻaʻole hiki i nā pūnaewele ʻē aʻe ke hana.

• ʻO ka mea mua, hiki iā lākou ke hoʻomau i ka māhele ʻana a hana i nā kope pololei o lākou iho. Māhele pū nā pūnaewele maʻamau, akā he palena ko lākou ola. Akā, ʻaʻole hana nā pūnaewele kumu, hiki iā lākou ke hoʻomau i ka hoʻohou ʻana iā lākou iho.
• ʻO ka lua o ka mea, ʻo lākou wale nō ke hana i nā pūnaewele kūikawā (ʻokoʻa). ʻO ia hoʻi, inā ua hōʻino ʻia kahi ʻiʻo, hiki iā lākou ke hana i nā pūnaewele hou e pani iā ​​ia. He hiki koʻikoʻi loa kēia. Eia kekahi mau laʻana:
• ʻO ke ʻano i kapa ʻia ʻo "nā pūnaewele kumu Hematopoietic" (puana ʻia e like me 'he-ma-to-poy-ee-tik') kōkua i ka hana ʻana i ko mākou mau pūnaewele koko (nā pūnaewele ʻulaʻula, nā pūnaewele keʻokeʻo) a me nā pūnaewele o ka ʻōnaehana pale.
• Kōkua nā pūnaewele kumu basal i ko mākou mau pūnaewele ʻili , pono lākou no ka hoʻohou ʻana o ka ʻili a me ka ho'ōla ʻana i nā ʻeha .
• Kōkua nā pūnaewele kumu Mesenchymal (puana ʻia ʻo 'me-sen-ky-mal') i ke kūkulu ʻana i nā mea e like me ka iwi, ke cartilage, nā ʻiʻo, a me nā pūnaewele momona.

No ke aha he mea nui kēia mau pūnaewele kumu?

ʻAʻole wale nā ​​pūnaewele kumu he mea nui no ke kūkulu ʻana a me ka mālama ʻana i ko kākou kino. Eia kekahi, he mea nui lākou no ka noiʻi lapaʻau. Ke aʻo nei nā kānaka noiʻi i nā pūnaewele kumu no kekahi mau kumu koʻikoʻi loa:

• E hoʻomaopopo pehea e ulu ai nā maʻi: Ke ulu nei nā kānaka noiʻi i nā cell kumu mai nā ʻiʻo a me nā ʻōkana like ʻole. Ma ka nānā ʻana i ke ʻano o ka loli ʻana o kēia mau cell i ko lākou ulu ʻana, hiki iā lākou ke loaʻa kahi ʻike hohonu o ke ʻano o ka hoʻomaka ʻana a me ka ulu ʻana o nā maʻi e like me ka maʻi diabetes , ka maʻi puʻuwai , a me nā maʻi neurological ma ka pae cellular.
• Ke ʻike nei inā hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā pūnaewele kumu e pani i nā pūnaewele i hōʻino ʻia a maikaʻi ʻole paha: ʻO kēia kekahi o nā manaʻolana nui loa no nā pūnaewele kumu. Ke noiʻi nei nā kānaka noiʻi pehea e hiki ai ke hoʻohana ʻia nā pūnaewele kumu e hoʻokaʻawale i nā ʻano pūnaewele like ʻole a mālama i ka pōʻino a i ʻole ka maʻi ma kahi ʻāpana kikoʻī o ke kino. E noʻonoʻo, i kekahi lā, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā pūnaewele kumu e pani i ka ʻili i hōʻino ʻia e nā kuni nui, hoʻoponopono hapa i kahi ʻeha o ke kaula kuamoʻo, a mālama paha i nā maʻi e like me ka maʻi Parkinson .
• E hoʻāʻo i nā lāʻau lapaʻau hou a me nā lāʻau lapaʻau: Hoʻohana nā kānaka noiʻi i nā cell kumu e ʻike i nā lāʻau lapaʻau i ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi no kekahi mau maʻi. Ma ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā cell kumu i hoʻololi kūikawā ʻia (no ka laʻana, nā cell i hoʻololi ʻia i ka genetically e loaʻa kahi maʻi kikoʻī), hiki iā lākou ke ʻike inā hana ka lāʻau lapaʻau, palekana, a he mau hopena ʻaoʻao ma mua o ka hāʻawi ʻana i nā poʻe i nā hoʻokolohua lapaʻau. Hiki i kēia ke hōʻemi i ka manawa a me ke kumukūʻai o ka loaʻa ʻana o nā lāʻau lapaʻau hou.

He aha nā ʻano nui o nā pūnaewele kumu?

Hoʻokaʻawale nā ​​kauka i nā cell kumu ma muli o ko lākou kumu a i ʻole kā lākou hana. Akā ua lohe paha ka hapa nui o ka poʻe i ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana ma muli o ke kumu. E nānā kākou i nā ʻano nui:

• Nā pūnaewele kumu Embryonic (pluripotent): Loaʻa i kēia mau pūnaewele ka mana kupaianaha e lilo i kekahi ʻano kelepona. ʻO ia hoʻi nā pūnaewele ʻili, nā pūnaewele puʻuwai, nā pūnaewele lolo, nā mea āpau! ʻO ke ʻano o 'Pluri' ʻo 'nui'. Loaʻa ka 'Potent' mai kahi huaʻōlelo Latina ʻo ia hoʻi 'hiki'. Loaʻa i nā kānaka noiʻi lapaʻau kēia mau pūnaewele kumu embryonic mai ke koko kaula i hāʻawi ʻia a i ʻole mai nā embryos i hāʻawi ʻia no nā kumu noiʻi ma o ka hoʻoulu ʻana in vitro.

He mea nui: Nui nā manaʻo like ʻole a me nā pilikia pono e kūkākūkā ʻia a puni ka honua e pili ana i ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kēia mau cell kumu embryonic. No laila, hoʻohana ʻia lākou me ke akahele nui a e like wale nō me nā lula paʻa.

• Nā pūnaewele kumu kikoʻī (multipotent a unipotent paha): Hiki i kēia mau pūnaewele ke hana i nā pūnaewele kumu hou, akā ʻo nā pūnaewele wale nō i kikoʻī i ka ʻiʻo a lākou e noho ai. ʻO ia hoʻi, ʻoi aku ka kūikawā o lākou. No ka laʻana, hiki i nā pūnaewele kumu koko i loko o kou iwi iwi ke hana i nā pūnaewele koko hou a me nā platelets. Akā, ʻaʻole hiki iā lākou ke hana i nā pūnaewele kumu hou i loko o nā māmā a i ʻole ke akepaʻa. Loaʻa i nā kānaka noiʻi kēia mau pūnaewele mai nā ʻiʻo i hāʻawi ʻia e nā pākeke (ma hope o ka hānau ʻana).
• Nā pūnaewele kumu pluripotent i hoʻokomo ʻia (nā pūnaewele iPS a i ʻole iPS):ʻO kēia kekahi o nā ʻike kupaianaha loa i ka ʻepekema hou. ʻO kēia nā cell kumu i hana ʻia i loko o ka lab. Lawe lākou i nā cell makua maʻamau (e like me nā cell ʻili) a hoʻololi i ke ʻano genetic iā lākou e hana ai e like me nā cell kumu embryonic, hiki ke lilo i kekahi ʻano cell. Ua kōkua kēia mau cell "(iPS)" i ka pale ʻana i nā pilikia pono he nui i kū mai me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā cell kumu embryonic. Hoʻohana nā kānaka noiʻi lapaʻau i kēia mau cell e aʻo pehea e ulu ai nā ʻiʻo, pehea e hoʻopilikia ai nā maʻi i nā ʻiʻo, a e hoʻāʻo i nā lāʻau lapaʻau a me nā lāʻau lapaʻau hou.

Pehea e hana ai nā kānaka noiʻi me kēia mau hunaola kumu?

Hoʻomaka pinepine kēia kaʻina hana me nā pūnaewele kumu makua i hāʻawi ʻia. A i ʻole, e like me nā pūnaewele kumu pluripotent i hoʻokomo ʻia a mākou i kamaʻilio ai ma mua, me nā pūnaewele maʻamau. A laila, hoʻoulu nā kānaka noiʻi i nā miliona o kēia mau pūnaewele i loko o kahi meaʻai kūikawā i loko o ka lab. ʻO kā lākou pahuhopu ka hana ʻana i kēia mau pūnaewele mua i loko o nā pūnaewele kūikawā a lākou e makemake ai (e.g., nā pūnaewele ʻiʻo puʻuwai, nā pūnaewele nerve). Hoʻohana lākou i nā hōʻailona kemika like ʻole a me nā mea ulu e hana i kēia.

Pehea e hoʻohana ai nā kauka i nā pūnaewele kumu e mālama ai i nā maʻi?

Ke hoʻohana pono nei nā kauka i nā cell kumu e mālama ai i kekahi mau kūlana olakino.

• Hoʻoili ʻana i ka iwi iwi: ʻO kēia ke ʻano lapaʻau pūnaewele kumu kaulana loa a kūleʻa hoʻi. Hiki i nā kauka ke hoʻohana i nā pūnaewele kumu makua e pani i nā pūnaewele kumu iwi iwi i hōʻino ʻia a ʻano ʻē paha. Hoʻohana ʻia kēia mau mea e mālama i nā kūlana e like me:
• Nā ʻano maʻi kanesa koko: Leukemia, myeloma maha, a me ka lymphoma non-Hodgkin. Pono pinepine ka poʻe me kēia mau maʻi i nā hoʻoili cell stem ma hope o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka chemotherapy kiʻekiʻe a i ʻole ka radiation therapy e pepehi i nā cell cancer i loko o ko lākou iwi iwi.
• Nā maʻi koko: Nā maʻi genetic e like me ka anemia cell sickle a me ka thalassemia.
• Anemia Aplastic: ʻO ia ke ʻano i hana ʻole ai ka iwi iwi i nā hunaola koko lawa.
• Nā haki iwi a me ka hōʻino ʻana o ke cartilage: I kekahi manawa hoʻohana nā kauka i nā grafts iwi, i hana ʻia mai nā cell kumu i lawe ʻia mai nā ʻiʻo i hāʻawi ʻia a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, e ho'ōla i nā haki iwi. Eia kekahi, ke noiʻi ʻia nei nā inikini cell kumu no ka hōʻino ʻana o ke cartilage i nā hono e like me ke kuli.

E hoʻohana anei nā kauka i nā pūnaewele kumu embryonic?

ʻAe, i kekahi manawa hoʻohana nā kauka i nā pūnaewele kumu mai ke koko kaula i hāʻawi ʻia e mālama i nā maʻi koko, ʻoi aku hoʻi i nā keiki. Loaʻa i ke koko kaula nā pūnaewele kumu e like me nā pūnaewele kumu embryonic, akā ʻoi aku ka kūikawā. (ʻO ke koko kaula ke koko e koe ana i loko o ke kaula umbilical a me ka placenta ma hope o ka hānau ʻana o kahi pēpē.) ʻO kēia lāʻau lapaʻau, i hoʻohana ʻia me ke koko kaula i hāʻawi ʻia, ʻo ia wale nō ka lāʻau lapaʻau pūnaewele kumu embryonic i ʻae ʻia e ka U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA).

Aia ma hea kēia mau hunaola kumu i loko o ko kākou kino?

Loaʻa iā ʻoe nā pūnaewele kumu ma kou kino holoʻokoʻa, akā aia nā pūnaewele kumu i loko o nā ʻiʻo like ʻole e pili pono ana i kēlā ʻiʻo. Loaʻa nui lākou i loko o kou iwi iwi (ʻo ia ke kumu nui loa), ka lolo, nā kīʻaha koko, ka papa ma lalo o kou ʻili, nā ʻiʻo, ke akepaʻa, a me ka puʻuwai . Eia naʻe, i kou wā ʻelemakule, hiki ke emi iho ka helu o nā pūnaewele kumu a me kā lākou hana.

He aha nā maʻi maʻamau e hoʻopilikia ai i nā pūnaewele kumu?

ʻO kou iwi iwi - ka ʻiʻo palupalu a huʻahuʻa i loko o kekahi mau iwi - kahi i hana ʻia ai nā hunaola kumu e lilo i mau hunaola koko (nā hunaola ʻulaʻula, nā hunaola keʻokeʻo) a me nā platelets. Lawe nā hunaola koko ʻulaʻula i ka oxygen ma ke kino holoʻokoʻa. Kaua nā hunaola koko keʻokeʻo i ka maʻi. Kāohi nā platelets i ke kahe koko. No laila, ʻo nā mea āpau e hoʻopilikia i kou iwi iwi hiki ke hoʻopilikia pololei i kēia mau hunaola kumu e hana ana i ke koko. ʻO kekahi mau kūlana maʻamau e hoʻopilikia i nā hunaola kumu:

• ʻAnemia Aplastic
• Nā maʻi Myeloproliferative (ʻo kēia nā kūlana e hana nui ai nā pūnaewele i loko o ka iwi iwi)
• ʻO Lymphoma (kahi maʻi ʻaʻai o ka ʻōnaehana lymphatic, akā hiki ke hoʻopilikia i ka iwi iwi)
• Leukemia (kahi maʻi ʻaʻai koko e hoʻomaka pololei mai nā pūnaewele kumu i loko o ka iwi iwi)

Pehea e mālama ai i ke olakino o kaʻu mau hunaola kumu?

ʻAʻohe ala i hōʻoia ʻia e hana a mālama i nā cell kumu olakino, ʻoiai ʻo kā lākou hana he mea pili nui i ka genetic a me ka makahiki. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ka hahai ʻana i nā ʻano olakino maikaʻi holoʻokoʻa hiki ke hoʻopōmaikaʻi pono ʻole i kā mākou mau cell āpau, me nā cell kumu:

• E ʻai i ka ʻai kaulike: E hoʻokomo i ka protein lean, ka nui o nā mea kanu, nā huaʻai, a me nā palaoa holoʻokoʻa. Hiki i nā meaʻai waiwai i nā antioxidants (blueberries, strawberries, nā mea kanu ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻeleʻele) ke kōkua i ka pale ʻana i nā cell mai ka hōʻino ʻia.
• E pale loa i ka puhipaka a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka paka: ʻO ka paka kahi ʻenemi nui e hōʻino ana i nā cell, hoʻonui i ka pilikia o ka maʻi kanesa, a hōʻino i ka DNA.
• Inā ʻoe e inu i nā mea inu ʻona, e kaupalena i ka nui:ʻŌlelo nā kulekele o ka American Cancer Society inā inu ʻoe i ka waiʻona, ʻaʻole pono nā kāne e inu ma mua o ʻelua mau mea inu i ka lā a ʻaʻole pono nā wahine e inu ma mua o hoʻokahi mea inu i ka lā.
• E pale i kou ʻili mai ka mālamalama ultraviolet, inā paha mai ka lā a i ʻole nā ​​​​moena tanning: Hiki i ka mālamalama Ultraviolet ke hōʻino i nā hunaola kumu ʻili a hoʻoulu i ka maʻi kanesa.
• E kamaʻilio me kāu kauka e pili ana i nā lāʻau pale e pale aku i nā maʻi. Hiki i kekahi mau maʻi viral (e like me ka hepatitis) ke hōʻino i nā cell i ka wā lōʻihi.
• E hoʻokele i kou kaumaha: He mea ʻino ke kaumaha lōʻihi i nā ʻāpana o ke kino. Hiki iā ʻoe ke hōʻemi i ke kaumaha ma o nā mea e like me ka hoʻoikaika kino, ka noʻonoʻo ʻana, a me ka hoʻomaha.
• E hiamoe pono: I ka wā hiamoe e hoʻoponopono hou ai nā ʻāpana o ke kino iā lākou iho.

Hiki iaʻu ke hoʻonui i ka nui o kaʻu mau cell stem ma ke ʻano kūlohelohe?

Ua heluhelu paha ʻoe e hiki i ka lawe ʻana i kekahi mau huaora (e like me ka huaora D a me B12) a i ʻole ka lawe ʻana i kekahi mau mea hoʻohui ke hoʻomaikaʻi i ke olakino o nā cell kumu a hoʻonui paha i ka helu o nā cell kumu. Ke aʻo nei nā kānaka noiʻi i ka pilina ma waena o kekahi mau huaora a me ke olakino o nā cell kumu. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole maopopo inā hiki i ka lawe ʻana i nā huaora wale nō a i ʻole ka ʻai ʻana i nā meaʻai kikoʻī ke hoʻonui i ka helu o nā cell kumu. ʻO ka mea maikaʻi loa e hana ai, ʻo ia ka ʻai ʻana i kahi meaʻai kaulike a mālama i kahi nohona olakino.

No laila, he aha ka manaʻo lawe home no kākou mai kēia moʻolelo?

ʻAe, no laila mai nā mea a mākou i kamaʻilio ai, ua maopopo ka kupaianaha a me ke koʻikoʻi o nā cell kumu i loko o ko mākou kino. E noʻonoʻo wale, he mau triliona o nā cell i loko o ko mākou kino. I waena o lākou, he kūikawā nā cell kumu no ka mea ʻo lākou wale nō ke ʻano o ke cell hiki ke hana i nā kope o lākou iho me ka palena ʻole a hana i nā cell kūikawā e hiki ke hoʻoponopono i nā cell i hōʻino ʻia.

Ua hoʻohana mua nā kauka i ka lāʻau lapaʻau cell stem e mālama a i kekahi manawa e ho'ōla i nā maʻi e like me ke kanesa koko a me nā maʻi koko. Manaʻo nā kānaka noiʻi lapaʻau he hiki i kēia mau cell stem ke mālama a ho'ōla paha i nā maʻi koʻikoʻi ʻē aʻe (e laʻa, maʻi puʻuwai, maʻi diabetes, maʻi Parkinson, lolo). No laila ke hoʻomau nei ka noiʻi ma kēia kahua, a me ka wikiwiki.

No laila, ke lana nei koʻu manaʻo ua loaʻa iā ʻoe kahi ʻike kumu o nā cell kumu. ʻO ka ʻike ʻana i ka ʻepekema lapaʻau e like me kēia e kōkua iā mākou e noʻonoʻo hou aʻe e pili ana i ko mākou olakino, ʻeā? No ka mea, ʻo ka ʻike ka pale maikaʻi loa!