Ua lohe anei ʻoe e pili ana i ka Blood-Brain Barrier, ka mea pale nui o kou lolo?

ʻO ka lolo ka ʻōkana waiwai nui a paʻakikī hoʻi i loko o ko kākou kino, ʻeā? No laila, he mea nui loa ka mālama ʻana i ke olakino o kēia lolo. E like me ka pā o ko kākou hale a me ka puka e pale aku ai, he ʻōnaehana palekana kūikawā ko ko kākou lolo. ʻO ia ka mea a kākou e kapa nei he pale koko-lolo a i ʻole "Blood-Brain Barrier", "(BBB)" no ka pōkole. I kēia lā, e kamaʻilio kākou e pili ana i kēia mea pale kupaianaha me nā kikoʻī hou aku .

He aha ka pale koko-lolo?

I ka ʻōlelo maʻalahi, ʻo kou pale koko-lolo (BBB) ​​he papa pale o nā cell e uhi ana i loko o nā kīʻaha koko i loko o kou lolo. He ʻāpana koʻikoʻi loa ia o ka hana o ko mākou lolo a me ka ʻōnaehana nerve.

ʻOiai ke ʻōlelo nei ka inoa he "pale," ʻaʻole ia he pā wale nō. Ua like ia me kahi kānana, e like me ke kiaʻi i loko o ka lolo . ʻO kāna hana nui, ʻo ia ke kāohi ʻana i nā mea ʻino a mālama i nā mea maikaʻi. Hoʻomalu pū ia i ke ʻano o ke komo ʻana a me ka puka ʻana o nā kemika like ʻole (nā mea a mākou e hana ai a me nā mea a mākou e lawe ai mai waho) i ka lolo. ʻAʻole anei he mea kupaianaha kēlā?

He aha ka mea e hana ʻia ma ka pale koko-lolo (BBB)?

I loko o ko kākou mau kīʻaha koko, aia kahi papa kūikawā o nā pūnaewele i kapa ʻia ʻo ka endothelium. Eia nō naʻe, i loko o nā kīʻaha koko i loko o ka lolo, he ʻokoʻa iki kēia endothelium.

Ua hoʻopaʻa paʻa ʻia kēia mau pūnaewele endothelial e hoʻopuni ana i loko o nā kīʻaha koko i loko o ka lolo a ʻaʻohe wahi liʻiliʻi loa. Pēlā i hoʻokumu ʻia ai kāu pale koko-lolo (BBB). Ua hoʻopaʻa paʻa ʻia kēia mau pūnaewele a ʻaʻohe mea e hiki ke hele ma o lākou me ke kōkua ʻole. Hana ʻia ka membrane waho o kēia mau pūnaewele me nā mea lipid. He mea nui loa kēia, a e nānā kākou i ke kumu.

He aha nā mea e hiki ke hele ma waena o ka pale koko-lolo (BBB)?

He liʻiliʻi loa kekahi mau mea, ʻo ia hoʻi, hiki iā lākou ke hele ma waena o kēia `(BBB)`. Hiki i kekahi mau mea ʻē aʻe ke hele ma waena no ka mea he `(lipid-soluble)` lākou . ʻO ia hoʻi, hiki i ka papa momona o ka pale koko-lolo ke lawe iā lākou me ka ʻole o ka pale ʻia. Eia nō naʻe, he paʻakikī i nā ʻāpana nui aʻe, a i ʻole nā ​​​​ʻāpana wai-soluble, ke hele ma waena o kēia `(BBB)` ma o lākou iho.

E noʻonoʻo e pili ana i ia mea, ʻaʻole hiki i nā ʻāpana nui ke komo ma o kēlā mau cell endothelial i hoʻopaʻa paʻa ʻia, no ka mea, ʻaʻohe wahi lawa. He paʻakikī nā ʻāpana wai-hoʻoheheʻe ʻia e komo ma o ka BBB, no ka mea, he lipid-based nā membrane cell o ka BBB, a pale lākou i nā mea wai-hoʻoheheʻe ʻia. No laila, inā makemake nā ʻāpana nui, wai-hoʻoheheʻe ʻia e like me nā meaʻai e komo i loko o ka lolo, pono lākou i kahi kōkua lawe kūikawā .

Eia kekahi mau ʻano lāʻau lapaʻau a me nā mea e hiki ke hele ma o ka BBB (me ke kōkua a i ʻole me ke kōkua):

• ʻAila
• Nā lāʻau hoʻomaha
• Nā lāʻau lapaʻau antidepressant
• Nā lāʻau hoʻomaha
• Nā lāʻau lapaʻau antipsychotic
• Nā lāʻau lapaʻau e mālama ai i nā hopu a i ʻole ka maʻi epilepsy
• Kafeina
• ʻO Acetaminophen a me nā lāʻau anti-inflammatory nonsteroidal he nui (NSAIDs)
• Nā lāʻau hiamoe a me nā lāʻau hoʻomaha (e.g., barbiturates, benzodiazepines)

Aia i loko o kēia papa inoa kekahi mau papa lāʻau lapaʻau e hiki ke hele i ka BBB. Hiki i nā papa lāʻau lapaʻau ʻē aʻe he nui ke hana i kēia. ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ua lōʻihi loa ka papa inoa o nā mea e hiki ke hele i ka BBB. Wahi a nā ʻano hana o kēia manawa, ua ʻike ʻia ma kahi o 5,000 mau ʻano kemika (me nā lāʻau lapaʻau) e hiki ke hele i ka BBB. Ua ʻike ʻia kēia mau mea me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā algorithms kamepiula paʻakikī loa a me nā polokalamu.

No laila, he aha ka mea hiki ʻole ke hele ma waena o ka pale koko-lolo (BBB)?

ʻO ka maʻamau, ʻaʻole hiki i nā pathogens , e like me nā bacteria a i ʻole nā ​​​​virus, a me nā mea ʻawahia he nui, ke hele ma waena o ka BBB. ʻO kēia ka palekana nui loa a ka BBB.

He aha nā kūlana maʻamau e hoʻopilikia ai i ka pale koko-lolo?

ʻOiai ua palekana loa kou pale koko-lolo (BBB), ʻaʻole ia he 100% hemolele. Hiki ke hoʻonāwaliwali ʻia e nā kūlana e like me ka mumū. Hiki i nā kūlana olakino ʻē aʻe ke hōʻemi i ka pono o ka BBB. Inā hana kēia, hiki i nā mea ʻino a i ʻole nā ​​​​​​mea maʻi ke komo i ka lolo. (Eia naʻe, i kekahi manawa hiki ke lilo i mea maikaʻi kēia. No ka laʻana, hiki i nā antibiotics e like me ka penicillin i hoʻohana ʻia e mālama i nā maʻi lolo ke komo maʻalahi i ka wā e hoʻonāwaliwali ʻia ai ka BBB.)

ʻO nā kūlana e hoʻonāwaliwali ai i ka pono o ka BBB e komo pū me nā kūlana koʻikoʻi a me nā kūlana maʻi.

Nā kūlana e hōʻemi koke ana i ka ikaika o `(BBB)`

ʻO kēia nā pilikia olakino e kū koke mai ana a i ʻole i kū koke mai nei. Eia kekahi mau laʻana:

• Nā maʻi ʻaʻai lolo
• Nā maʻi lolo (e.g., Encephalitis, Meningitis)
• ʻO nā ʻeha poʻo, ʻoiai ka concussion a me ka ʻeha o ka lolo traumatic (TBI)
• Hoʻonui ʻia nā pae kalapona dioxide i loko o ke koko (Hypercapnia)
• ʻO ka hypoxia cerebral (nele i ka oxygen i ka lolo ma muli o ka haʻahaʻa o ka oxygen koko)
• Hahau
• ʻO nā hopu ʻana, ʻoiai ke ʻano hopu mau i kapa ʻia ʻo "Status Epilepticus"

Nā kūlana e hōʻemi ana i ka ikaika o ka `(BBB)` i ka hala ʻana o ka manawa

He mau kūlana kēia e mau ana no ka manawa lōʻihi, i kekahi manawa he mau mahina, he mau makahiki, a i ʻole no ke ola holoʻokoʻa.

• ka maʻi o Alzheimer
• ʻO ka Sclerosis Lateral Amyotrophic (ALS)
• ʻO ka hypercapnia mau loa i hoʻokumu ʻia e nā kūlana e like me COPD (Maʻi Pulmonary Obstructive Chronic)
• ʻEpilepsy
• Dementia Frontotemporal
• Ke koko kiʻekiʻe (Hypertension)
• ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe o ke kō koko (Hyperglycemia) a me nā kūlana pili e like me ka Type 2 Diabetes
• Nā pae cholesterol koko kiʻekiʻe (Hyperlipidemia)
• Sclerosis lehulehu
• ʻO ka Neuromyelitis Optica (NMO)
• ka maʻi o Parkinson

Manaʻo nā loea he nui nā maʻi maʻi ʻē aʻe e hoʻopilikia i ka BBB, akā pono ka noiʻi hou aʻe e hōʻoia i kēia.

He aha nā hōʻailona a i ʻole nā ​​​​​​hōʻailona maʻamau o ka haki ʻana o ka pale koko-lolo (BBB)?

ʻO kaʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻohe ala maopopo i kēia manawa e ʻike pololei ai i kahi pilikia me ka BBB. ʻO kekahi mau hoʻokolohua hale hana, ʻoiai nā mea e nānā ana i ka wai cerebrospinal, hiki ke hōʻike pololei ʻole i kahi pilikia me ka BBB. Eia nō naʻe, pinepine nā kūlana e pili ana i ka haki ʻana o ka BBB i ʻike ʻia me nā hōʻailona ʻē aʻe e pili ʻole ana i ka pale.

Ke hoʻāʻo nei nā loea e ʻike inā hiki iā lākou ke hoʻonāwaliwali i ka BBB no kekahi manawa me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi ʻano hana i kapa ʻia ʻo magnetic resonance imaging-guided focused ultrasound. Inā hiki ke hana ʻia kēlā, hiki i kekahi mau ʻāpana i loko o ka lolo ke hui pū me ke koko a ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o ka ʻike ʻia. Malia paha ʻo kēlā mau ʻāpana ke kī i ka ʻike mua ʻana i nā mea e like me ke kanesa o ka lolo, ka maʻi Alzheimer, a me ka maʻi Parkinson. Hiki nō hoʻi ke kōkua i kekahi mau lāʻau lapaʻau e komo i loko o ka lolo e mālama i nā mea e like me ke kanesa. Eia nō naʻe, aia nō kēia noiʻi i kona mau pae mua. Pono ka nui o ka noiʻi e hoʻoholo ai inā hiki maoli kēia.

Aia kekahi mau lāʻau lapaʻau maʻamau e pili ana i ka pale koko-lolo (BBB)?

I kēia manawa, ʻaʻohe lāʻau lapaʻau e kuhikuhi pololei ana i kāu pale koko-lolo (BBB). Akā, mālama nā kauka i nā kūlana olakino ma lalo e hiki ke hoʻopilikia i ka BBB. Eia kekahi mau laʻana:

• Nā lāʻau lapaʻau no ke koko kiʻekiʻe, ka cholesterol kiʻekiʻe, a i ʻole ke kō koko kiʻekiʻe.
• Lapaʻau e hoʻihoʻi i ke kahe koko i ka lolo ma hope o ka hahau ischemic, kahi e hana ʻia ke hoʻopau ʻia ka lako koko i kahi ʻāpana o ka lolo ma muli o ka paʻa ʻana o ke kīʻaha koko.
• Nā lāʻau lapaʻau anticonvulsant.
• Lapaʻau no ka maʻi ʻaʻai lolo.

He aha kaʻu e hana ai e mālama i ke olakino o koʻu pale koko-lolo (BBB)?

ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻohe ala e pale pololei ai i nā hoʻopilikia i ka `(BBB)`. Akā, ʻo ka mea maikaʻi loa e hana ai, ʻo ia ke pale aku i nā kūlana a i ʻole nā ​​kūlana e hiki ke hoʻopilikia i ka `(BBB)`. Eia kekahi mau mea hiki iā ʻoe ke hana:

• E ʻai i ka meaʻai kaulike a mālama i ke kaumaha olakino. ʻO nā kūlana e hoʻopilikia ai i ke olakino kahe koko, ʻoiai ka hahau ʻana, hiki ke hoʻopilikia i ka pale koko-lolo. He mea nui loa ka mālama ʻana i kahi kaumaha olakino e kūpono iā ʻoe a me ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i kāu meaʻai e like me ka ʻōlelo aʻo a kāu kauka. Hiki i kēia mau mea ke kōkua i ka pale ʻana i ka hahau ʻana, a i ʻole e hoʻopaneʻe a hōʻemi paha i kona koʻikoʻi. Kōkua pū ia i ka pale ʻana i kāu BBB.
• Mai hoʻowahāwahā i nā maʻi.Hiki i nā maʻi ma nā wahi e like me nā maka a me nā pepeiao ke laha a hoʻoulu i ka mumū, e hoʻopilikia ana i ka BBB. Inā hana ʻia kēlā, hiki i ka maʻi ke komo i ka lolo a hoʻoulu i nā maʻi koʻikoʻi, a hiki i ka make.
• E komo i nā lako palekana. Hiki i nā ʻeha poʻo ke hoʻopilikia i ka BBB. ʻO ke komo ʻana i nā lako palekana - ʻoiai nā mahiole a me nā kāʻei noho (a i ʻole nā ​​​​​​mea palekana ʻē aʻe) i ka wā e holo ana i nā kaʻa - hiki ke kōkua i ka pale ʻana i nā ʻeha poʻo e hiki ke hōʻino i kāu BBB.
• E hoʻokele i kou mau kūlana olakino. ʻO nā kūlana lōʻihi e like me ka Type 2 Diabetes, ke koko kiʻekiʻe, ka cholesterol kiʻekiʻe, a me ka maʻi epilepsy hiki ke hoʻopilikia i ka BBB a me nā kīʻaha koko a puni. ʻO ka hoʻokele ʻana i kēia mau kūlana, inā paha me ka lāʻau lapaʻau a i ʻole nā ​​​​lāʻau lapaʻau ʻē aʻe, he hana nui ia e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke hana e pale i kou pale koko-lolo.

Pehea e hoʻohana ai nā kauka i kā lākou ʻike e pili ana i ka pale koko-lolo (BBB)?

He mea nui loa kāu "(BBB)" i ka wā e mālama ai i nā maʻi he nui i loko a ma waho o ka lolo. No ka mea, inā hiki i nā lāʻau lapaʻau he nui - ʻoiai nā lāʻau lapaʻau - ke hele ma waena o ka "(BBB)", hiki iā lākou ke hoʻopilikia pololei ʻole i kou lolo.

I kekahi manawa, pono nā kauka e hana a puni ka BBB. ʻO ia no ka mea hana pololei ka BBB i kekahi manawa i kāna mea e hana ai! ʻO nā lāʻau lapaʻau e hiki ke mālama i nā maʻi a i ʻole ke kanesa i loko o ka lolo ʻaʻole paha e hiki ke hele ma o ka BBB.

Ma ke ʻano he hopena, ke hoʻohana nei nā loea i nā lāʻau lapaʻau i hoʻolālā kūikawā ʻia e kāpae i ka BBB. E like me ke ʻano "Trojan horse," ua "hoʻouka ʻia" nā lāʻau lapaʻau ma luna o nā cell immune a i ʻole nā ​​​​​​ʻāpana ʻē aʻe e hiki ke hele ma o ka BBB a hāʻawi ʻia i ka lolo. Akamai loa, ʻeā?

Hoʻohana pū mākou i kā mākou mau kaʻina hana kemika kūlohelohe ponoʻī e kāpae i ka BBB. ʻO kahi laʻana maikaʻi o kēia ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka lāʻau levodopa e mālama ai i ka maʻi Parkinson. Loaʻa ka maʻi Parkinson i ka wā e nele ai nā ʻāpana o ka lolo i ka nui o ka dopamine kemika, ka mea e pono ai e kāohi i ka neʻe ʻana o nā ʻiʻo. ʻAʻole hiki i ka Dopamine ke hele ma waena o ka BBB, akā hiki i ka levodopa. Ke komo i loko o ka lolo, hoʻololi ʻia ka levodopa i dopamine. Hoʻomaha kēia i nā hōʻailona o ka maʻi Parkinson.

ʻO wai ka mea i ʻike i ka pale koko-lolo (BBB)? Pehea lākou i ʻike ai inā he liʻiliʻi loa ia?

Ua hāʻawi nā kumu he nui i ka ʻike ʻia ʻana o ka pale i nā kānaka ʻepekema e like me Paul Ehrlich a i ʻole Max Lewandowsky i ka hopena o nā makahiki 1800 a me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o nā makahiki 1900. Eia nō naʻe, ua hoʻohana mua ʻia ka huaʻōlelo "pale koko-lolo" i loko o kahi pepa 1921 e Lina Shtern (i kekahi manawa i kākau ʻia ʻo "Stern") o Rusia (i kēia manawa ʻo Latvia) a me ke kauka Swiss ʻo Raymond Gautier.

Ua kākoʻo ʻia ka noiʻi a Stern lāua ʻo Gautier e nā kiʻi microscope electron mua i lawe ʻia i nā makahiki 1960 a me 1970, nāna i wehewehe pono i ke ʻano o ka BBB i loko o ka lolo holoholona a me ke kanaka.

ʻO ka mea hope loa, nā mea e hoʻomanaʻo ai (Leka Lawe-Home)

ʻO kou pale koko-lolo (BBB) ​​he papa o nā pūnaewele e hoʻopuni ana i nā kīʻaha koko ma nā wahi he nui o kou lolo a hana e like me ke kānana. He pā pale koʻikoʻi loa ia no ko kākou lolo. Kōkua ia i ka mālama ʻana i nā mea maikaʻi ʻole i waho a me nā mea maikaʻi i loko.

Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole i pau kēia. Hiki i nā maʻi he nui ke hoʻopilikia i kēia. Eia kekahi, pono e makaʻala nā kauka e pili ana i kēia "(BBB)" i ka wā e mālama ai i kahi maʻi ma nā wahi āpau o ke kino, ʻaʻole wale ka lolo.

ʻOiai ua ʻike nui nā loea e pili ana i ka BBB, pono ka noiʻi hou aku e hoʻomaopopo piha i ke ʻano o kāna hana. ʻO ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i kāna hana i loko e wehe i ka puka no ka loaʻa ʻana o nā lāʻau lapaʻau kūpono no nā maʻi pili i ka lolo. A laila, ʻo kāu BBB wale nō ke pale aku i nā mea e hōʻino nei iā ʻoe, ʻaʻole he mea keakea i nā lāʻau lapaʻau e kōkua nei iā ʻoe. No laila, mai poina e kōkua pololei ka mālama ʻana i kou olakino holoʻokoʻa i ka pale ʻana i ke olakino o kēia BBB!

Pale Koko-Lolo, Palekana Lolo, Nā ʻAʻa Koko o ka Lolo, ʻŌnaehana Aʻalolo, Nā Lāʻau Lapaʻau o ka Lolo, Hana BBB