![Ke ʻike nei ʻoe i nā pōʻai ʻeleʻele ma lalo o kou mau maka? Malia paha ʻo ia ka "Allergic Shiners" hoʻopilikia!](https://nirogilanka.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/post-8955.jpg "Ke ʻike nei ʻoe i nā pōʻai ʻeleʻele ma lalo o kou mau maka? Malia paha ʻo ia ka "Allergic Shiners" hoʻopilikia! | Nirogi Lanka")
Ua ʻike anei ʻoe i nā pōʻai ʻeleʻele a palapū ma lalo o kou mau maka? ʻOiai he nui ka poʻe e manaʻo nei he mea luhi wale nō kēia a i ʻole ka nele o ka hiamoe, ʻaʻole ia ka hihia mau. I kekahi manawa, ua hoʻokumu ʻia kēia mau māka e kahi kūlana a mākou e kapa nei ʻo "Allergic Shiners." E ʻoluʻolu, mai hopohopo; ʻoiai ʻaʻole kēia he kūlana weliweli, he mea nui iā ʻoe e hoʻomaopopo i ka mea e hana nei i hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻokele pono me Nirogi Lanka.
He aha nā Allergic Shiners?
I ka ʻōlelo maʻalahi, pili nā allergic shiners i ka hoʻololi ʻeleʻele ma lalo o kou mau maka, kahi e ʻike ʻia he ʻeleʻele hohonu, hina, hina polū, a poni paha. Ua like loa ia me ka ʻeha e loaʻa iā ʻoe inā ua pā ʻia ʻoe i ka maka; akā naʻe, ʻaʻole kēia he ʻeha kino. ʻO ke kumu nui o kēia kūlana ʻo ka ihu paʻa e pili ana me ka allergic rhinitis, i ʻike nui ʻia ʻo ka hay fever.
ʻOiai paha ʻoe e lohe iā ia i kapa ʻia e nā huaʻōlelo lapaʻau e like me "periorbital hyperpigmentation" a i ʻole "allergic facies," ʻo ka huaʻōlelo "allergic shiners" ka inoa i hoʻohana nui ʻia i ke kamaʻilio ʻana i kēlā me kēia lā.
No ke aha e hana ai kēia ma lalo o kou mau maka?
E nānā kākou pehea e hana ai kēia. Ke hōʻike ʻia ʻoe i kahi allergen, hoʻomaka kāu ʻōnaehana pale i kahi pane pale. Ma ke ʻano he ʻāpana o kēia kaʻina hana, hiki i ka uhi i loko o kou ihu—ka membrane mucous—ke pehu, i ʻike ʻia ʻo ka edema mucosal.
E noʻonoʻo i kēia ʻano: ke pehu nei i loko o kou ihu, ke ālai hapa nei ia i ke kahe koko maʻamau. ʻO kēia pehu ke kumu o ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana o ke koko i loko o nā aa palupalu e hoʻopuni ana i kou mau sinuses paranasal. No ka mea, aia kēia mau aa kokoke loa i ka ʻili lahilahi ma lalo o kou mau maka, ʻo kēlā koko i hōʻiliʻili ʻia e hoʻolilo i ka ʻili i ʻeleʻele a i kekahi manawa pehu iki. ʻO ia ke ʻano o kā mākou manaʻo ma ka "allergic shiners." He manaʻo kūpono anei kēlā?
Pehea ka maʻamau o nā mea hoʻomālamalama allergic?
ʻOi aku ka maʻamau o kēia ma mua o kou manaʻo, ʻoiai i waena o mākou e loaʻa ana i ka rhinitis allergic (hay fever). Eia nō naʻe, e hoʻomanaʻo ʻaʻole e loaʻa i nā mea āpau me ka hay fever nā allergic shiners.
He aha nā hōʻailona?
ʻO ka hōʻailona mua he ʻāpana apo ʻeleʻele, ʻano ʻeleʻele (ʻeleʻele, ʻeleʻele, hina hohonu, hina polū, a poni paha) ma lalo o kou mau maka.
Ma waho aʻe o kēlā, hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i nā hōʻailona ʻē aʻe e pili ana i kāu mau allergies, e like me:
- ʻO ka maneʻo ma kou mau maka, ihu, a i ʻole ka puʻu.
- Nā maka ʻulaʻula a waimaka paha.
- He ihu wai me ka huʻa.
- Paʻa ka ihu.
- Ka ʻū pinepine ʻana.
Hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i hoʻokahi a i ʻole kekahi o kēia mau hōʻailona me nā mea hoʻomālamalama allergic.
ʻO nā kumu nui o nā mea hoʻomālamalama allergic
E like me ka mea i ʻōlelo ʻia, ʻo ke kumu nui ka rhinitis allergic. E nānā kākou i nā allergens mua e hoʻoulu ai i kēia maʻi:
- Pollen: Mai nā kumulāʻau, nā mauʻu, a me nā pua.
- Pet Dander: Nā ʻili liʻiliʻi mai nā holoholona e like me nā ʻīlio a me nā pōpoki.
- Nā ʻuku lepo: Nā meaola liʻiliʻi e noho ana i ka lepo o ka hale.
- ʻŌpala: Nā haʻalulu e ulu maikaʻi ana ma nā wahi pulu.
Pane kekahi poʻe i kekahi o kēia mau mea, aʻo kekahi poʻe e maʻalahi paha i kekahi. Hoʻoulu pinepine ʻia nā maʻi allergies kau e ka pollen i ka wā puna, kauwela, a i ʻole ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka hāʻule. Eia nō naʻe, hiki i nā mea hoʻonāukiuki e like me ka pet dander a me nā ʻuku lepo ke hana i nā mea hoʻomālamalama allergies i kēlā me kēia manawa o ka makahiki. ʻO kekahi mea nui: no ka mea e ʻike paha kou mau maka i ka maneʻo a wai paha, e hoʻowalewale ʻia paha ʻoe e hamo iā lākou. ʻO ka hamo ʻana i kou mau maka e hoʻonāukiuki hou aku i ka ʻili a hiki ke hoʻonui i ke ʻano o nā mea hoʻomālamalama allergies, no laila e ʻoluʻolu e pale i ka hoʻopā ʻana a i ʻole ka hamo ʻana i kou mau maka.
He mea laha anei kēia?
ʻAʻole loa. ʻAʻole laha nā mea hoʻomālamalama allergic. ʻAʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻoili i kēia i kekahi, no laila e ʻoluʻolu mai hopohopo no kēlā.
ʻO wai ka mea i ʻoi aku ka nui o ka pilikia?
Hiki i kekahi mea me ka maʻi hay fever ke loaʻa i kēia. Eia nō naʻe, ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o nā keiki—ʻoi aku ka poʻe me nā maʻi allergies—i kēia ma mua o nā pākeke. Manaʻo kekahi poʻe loea lapaʻau he kumu paha kēia no ka mea ʻaʻole hoʻomaʻemaʻe mau nā keiki i ko lākou mau puka ihu e like me ka hana ʻana o nā pākeke. Eia nō naʻe, pono ka noiʻi hou aku e hōʻoia pono i kēia.
Hiki i kēia ke alakaʻi i nā pilikia?
ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻole hōʻeha kino nā mea hoʻomālamalama allergic; ʻaʻohe o lākou ʻeha. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ka hoʻololi ʻana o ke kala ma lalo o kou mau maka e hoʻohilahila iā ʻoe iho a ʻoluʻolu ʻole paha. No kekahi poʻe, hiki i kēia ke kōkua i ke kaumaha a i ʻole ka hopohopo. Inā manaʻo ʻoe pēlā, he manaʻo maikaʻi mau ia e kamaʻilio me kāu kauka ma Nirogi Lanka.
Pehea e ʻike ai ke kauka i kēia?
Inā mau nā pōʻaiʻeleʻele ma lalo o kou mau maka no nā pule he nui, a inā paha e ʻike ʻia i nā manawa kikoʻī o ka makahiki, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ke kūkākūkā ʻana me kahi loea mālama ola. E nānā kāu kauka i kāu mōʻaukala olakino, e kūkākūkā i kāu mau hōʻailona, a e hana i kahi hoʻokolokolo kino.
Inā kānalua kāu kauka he "allergic shiners" kou, hiki iā lākou ke kuhikuhi iā ʻoe i kahi allergist. Hiki i kēia loea ke hana i nā hoʻokolohua diagnostic kikoʻī e ʻike pono ai i ka mea e hoʻoulu ai i kāu mau allergies.
He aha nā hoʻokolohua a ke kauka e hana ai?
No ka hōʻoia ʻana inā he mau mea hoʻomālamalama maʻi ʻoe, e ʻōlelo paha kāu kauka i ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i ka maʻi. ʻO nā ʻano hana maʻamau ka hoʻāʻo ʻili a me nā hoʻāʻo koko.
- Hoʻāʻo ʻili kuʻi: I loko o kēia kaʻina hana, e ʻānai mālie kāu kauka a i ʻole ke kahu maʻi i kou ʻili—ma kou lima a i ʻole kou kua—me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi probe liʻiliʻi a sterile. A laila hoʻopili ʻia nā ʻāpana liʻiliʻi o nā allergens maʻamau i kēia mau wahi. Inā he maʻi ʻoe i kahi mea, hiki ke ʻike ʻia kahi puʻupuʻu ʻulaʻula liʻiliʻi a i ʻole ka hopena i loko o 15 mau minuke. E ana ke kauka i kēia pane a hiki ke hoʻopili i kahi kirīmi steroid e hōʻoluʻolu i kekahi maneʻo a ʻulaʻula paha. Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia kēia hoʻāʻo no ka mea hāʻawi ia i nā hopena wikiwiki me ka liʻiliʻi o ka ʻoluʻolu ʻole.
- Hoʻāʻo koko: No kēia hoʻāʻo, lawe ʻia kahi hāpana liʻiliʻi o kou koko mai kahi aʻa koko ma kou lima. Hoʻouna ʻia ka hāpana i kahi keʻena hoʻokolohua, kahi e hoʻāʻo ʻia ai no nā antibodies allergy-specific. Inā kiʻekiʻe kou mau pae antibody no kahi allergen kikoʻī, hōʻike ia i kahi allergy. E ʻoluʻolu e hoʻomaopopo ʻoiai he kōkua, ʻoi aku ka pololei o nā hoʻāʻo koko ma mua o nā hoʻāʻo prick ʻili.
Pehea e mālama ʻia ai nā mea hoʻomālamalama allergic?
ʻO ke ala kūpono loa e pale aku ai i nā allergens e hoʻoulu ai i kāu mau hōʻailona , ʻoiai he mea maʻalahi kēia e ʻōlelo ʻia ma mua o ka hana ʻana, no ka mea, ʻaʻole hiki ke pale ʻia i nā manawa a pau.
Eia naʻe, mai hopohopo; he nui nā koho, mai nā lāʻau lapaʻau ma luna o ke kūʻai aku (OTC) a hiki i nā lāʻau lapaʻau i kuhikuhi ʻia, loaʻa nā mea āpau ma nā kikowaena i ʻōlelo ʻia e Nirogi Lanka.
Mea nui: E kūkākūkā mau me kāu kauka ma mua o ka hoʻomaka ʻana i kekahi lāʻau lapaʻau, ʻoiai no nā keiki.
Eia kekahi mau koho lapaʻau maʻamau:
Nā lāʻau antihistamine
ʻO kēia nā lāʻau lapaʻau maʻamau e kāohi ai i nā hopena allergies. ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona:
- ʻO Fexofenadine (e laʻa, Allegra®)
- Loratadine (e laʻa, Claritin®)
- ʻO Cetirizine (e laʻa, Zyrtec®)
- ʻO Levocetirizine (e laʻa, Xyzal®)
Nā ʻūpā ihu
Hiki i kēia mau mea ke kōkua nui i ka hoʻopau ʻana i ka ʻōpū a me nā hōʻailona allergy ʻē aʻe.
- Nā pīpī ihu steroid: Fluticasone (e laʻa, Flonase®), Mometasone (e laʻa, Nasonex®), Budesonide (e laʻa, Rhinocort®).
- Nā lāʻau ihu antihistamine: Azelastine (e laʻa, Dymista®), Olopatadine (e laʻa, Patanase®).
- ʻO ka pīpī ihu Cromolyn (e like me Nasalcrom®).
Nā kulu maka
He kūpono kēia no nā maka ʻāʻī, ʻulaʻula, a waimaka paha.
- Nā kulu maka antihistamine: Olopatadine (e laʻa, Pataday®), Azelastine (e laʻa, Optivar®).
- ʻO ka wai maka Ketorolac (e like me Acular®).
- ʻO ka wai hoʻonā maka Naphazoline (e like me AK-Con®).
Nā lāʻau hoʻohemo i ka ʻūpā
Kōkua kēia i ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka pehu ʻana o ka ihu a me ka maʻalahi o ka hanu ʻana. E ʻoluʻolu e hoʻomaopopo ʻaʻole pono e hoʻohana ʻia kēia mau mea no ka manawa lōʻihi me ka ʻole o ka nānā ʻana o ke kauka.
- ʻO ka pīpī ihu Oxymetazoline
- Phenylephrine (e laʻa, Sudafed PE®)
- Pseudoephedrine (e laʻa, Sudafed®)
Hoʻoinu ʻana i ka ihu
He ʻano hana kēia me ka ʻole o ka lāʻau lapaʻau a he hana maikaʻi loa. ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi wai saline e holoi i kou mau ala ihu me kahi ipu neti hiki ke hoʻomaʻemaʻe i nā mea hoʻonāukiuki a me ka mucus.
Nā ʻūmiʻi hau a anu paha
No ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka pupuhi ma lalo o nā maka, e kau i kahi lole anu a pulu i wahī ʻia i loko o ke kāwele lahilahi ma luna o kou mau maka no kahi o 10 mau minuke, i kekahi mau manawa i ka lā.
Hoʻōla lāʻau pale
Inā ʻaʻole holo pono nā lāʻau ʻē aʻe, e kuhikuhi paha kāu kauka i nā pana allergy a i ʻole nā papa sublingual (ma lalo o ke alelo). Hoʻokomo kēia i nā nui liʻiliʻi o ka allergen i kou kino, e kōkua ana i kāu ʻōnaehana pale e lilo i desensitized i ka hala ʻana o ka manawa.
Pehea ka lōʻihi o ka mau ʻana o nā mea hoʻomālamalama allergic?
He ʻokoʻa ia mai kēlā kanaka a kēia kanaka.Me ka hoʻokele kūpono ʻana i ka maʻi allergy, e hoʻomaikaʻi pinepine nā hōʻailona i loko o kekahi mau pule. I ka emi ʻana o ka mumū, e mae mālie ke kala ʻeleʻele ma lalo o nā maka.
Inā ʻaʻole mālama ʻia, hiki ke hoʻomau nā hōʻailona inā ʻoe e pili ana i ka allergen.
He aha inā he mau mea hoʻomālamalama maʻi koʻu?
E like me kā mākou i ʻōlelo ai, ʻoiai hiki i nā mea hoʻomālamalama allergic ke hoʻopilikia a hoʻopilikia i kou helehelena, ʻaʻole lākou he pilikia olakino koʻikoʻi. Hiki iā lākou ke hele mai a hele i kou ola. Hoʻokele ka hapa nui o ka poʻe i kēia kūlana ma ka ʻike ʻana a me ka pale ʻana i kā lākou mau mea hoʻoulu allergy kikoʻī a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā lāʻau lapaʻau ma luna o ke kauka e kāohi i nā hōʻailona.
Hiki ke pale ʻia nā mea hoʻomālamalama allergic?
ʻAe, hiki iā lākou. ʻO ke ala kūpono loa, ʻo ia ka noho mamao aku mai nā mea hoʻoulu allergy i ʻike ʻia. Eia kekahi, ʻo ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā lāʻau lapaʻau allergy e like me ke kuhikuhi a kāu kauka hiki ke kōkua i ka pale ʻana i kēia mau hōʻailona mai ka hanana ʻana.
Eia kekahi mau ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo kūpono hiki iā ʻoe ke hahai:
- E hoʻomaʻemaʻe pinepine i kou home: Kōkua kēia i ka wehe ʻana i nā allergens e like me ka lepo a me ka dander holoholona.
- E pani i nā puka makani i ka wā e nui ai ka pollen: ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ea hoʻoluʻu (AC) he ala maikaʻi loa ia e kānana ai i ka ea o loko.
- E hoʻohana i kahi kānana HEPA (High-Efficiency Particulate Air): He mea kūpono loa kēia i ka hopu ʻana i nā allergens ea i loko o kou home.
- E hoʻohana i kahi humidifier: Inā maloʻo kou mau ʻaoʻao ihu, hiki i kahi humidifier ke hāʻawi i ka hōʻoluʻolu a hōʻoluʻolu i nā ʻiʻo o loko.
- E hōʻemi i ka pilina kokoke me nā holoholona: Inā he maʻi ʻoe iā lākou, e hoʻāʻo e kaupalena i ka hoʻopā ʻana, ka ʻapo ʻana, a i ʻole ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana iā lākou kokoke i kou alo.
- E ʻaʻahu i nā aniani maka a me ka pāpale ma waho: Kōkua kēia i ka pale ʻana i kou mau maka mai ka pollen o ke kaiapuni.
Pono anei au e ʻike i ke kauka?
ʻOiai ʻaʻole weliweli nā mea hoʻomālamalama allergic ponoʻī, hiki ke hoʻoluhi iki ʻia nā hōʻailona e pili ana—e like me ka ihu paʻa a i ʻole ka maneʻo mau. Inā ke kumu o kēia mau hōʻailona iā ʻoe i ke kaumaha a i ʻole ke hoʻopilikia nei i kāu mau hana o kēlā me kēia lā, pono ke kamaʻilio me ke kauka. Hiki i kahi loea ke kōkua i ka ʻike ʻana i ke kumu o kāu mau allergies a paipai i ka hoʻolālā lapaʻau kūpono loa nāu.
Āhea ʻoe e ʻimi ai i ka mālama ulia pōpilikia?
ʻOiai e mālama ana i nā mea hoʻomālamalama allergic,inā ʻike ʻoe i nā hōʻailona o kahi hopena alerika koʻikoʻi (anaphylaxis), e like me ka paʻakikī o ka hanu ʻana, ka pehu ʻana o ka maka a i ʻole ka puʻu, a i ʻole ka nāwaliwali, e kāhea i ka 911 a i ʻole e hele koke i ka keʻena pilikia kokoke loa. He pilikia olakino kēia.
Nā nīnau e nīnau aku ai i kāu kauka
Ke hele ʻoe i kāu kauka, makemake paha ʻoe e nīnau i kēia mau nīnau:
- Pehea e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke hōʻoia i ka hopena o koʻu mau pōʻai ʻeleʻele ma lalo o nā maka e nā maʻi allergies?
- He aha nā mea hoʻoulu kūikawā noʻu e hoʻopilikia ai i ka maʻi allergy?
- He aha nā lāʻau lapaʻau āu e ʻōlelo ai no koʻu mau hōʻailona?
- Pono anei au e lawe i ka lāʻau lapaʻau allergy i kēlā me kēia lā, a i ʻole ke hoʻomaka wale nā hōʻailona?
- Aia kekahi mau hopena ʻaoʻao o nā lāʻau lapaʻau āu e manaʻo nei?
- E paipai mai ʻoe iaʻu e ʻike i kahi kauka allergist? Hiki iā ʻoe ke hāʻawi i kahi kuhikuhi?
ʻO ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o nā mea hoʻomālamalama allergic a me nā pōʻai ʻeleʻele maʻamau
He nīnau maʻamau kēia. Hoʻokumu kūikawā ʻia nā mea hoʻomālamalama allergic e nā allergies. Ke loaʻa iā ʻoe kahi hopena allergic, e paʻa ana kou mau puka ihu, kahi e kaupalena ai i ke kahe koko a alakaʻi i ka pehu ʻana o nā kīʻaha koko ma lalo o nā maka, e hana ana i kēlā ʻano ʻeleʻele.
Eia nō naʻe, hiki i nā pōʻai ʻeleʻele ke hana ʻia e nā kumu ʻē aʻe he nui, e like me:
- Ke anu maʻamau.
- ʻO ka maʻi palū.
- Nā maʻi sinus.
- ʻEkikema.
- ʻEha kino.
- Ka nele hiamoe mau.
- Nā polyps ihu.
- Nā adenoids mumū.
- Ka maloʻo ʻana o ka wai.
- ʻIke hoʻoilina.
Ma muli o nā kumu he nui, ʻo kahi loiloi loea e kāu kauka ke ala maikaʻi loa e hoʻoholo ai inā pili maoli kāu mau pōʻaiʻeleʻele ma muli o nā mea hoʻomālamalama maʻi.
Nā Manaʻo Hope Loa
Ma Nirogi Lanka, makemake mākou e hoʻomanaʻo ʻoe ʻaʻole he mea hoʻoweliweli olakino nā mea hoʻomālamalama allergic, ʻoiai he mea hoʻonāukiuki a ʻoluʻolu ʻole paha i ka nānā aku. Hiki i nā hōʻailona allergy pili ke hoʻonāukiuki.
ʻO ka mea nui loa, ʻo ia ka ʻike ʻana i nā mea hoʻoulu i kāu allergies, e hoʻēmi i kou ʻike ʻana, a e ʻimi i ke alakaʻi mai kāu kauka no ka mālama kūpono.
Ma ka hahai ʻana i kēia mau ʻanuʻu, hiki iā ʻoe ke loaʻa ka hōʻoluʻolu nui mai kēia pilikia. Inā he mau nīnau hou aku kāu, e ʻoluʻolu e hoʻokaʻaʻike aku i kāu mea mālama ola kino—aia lākou ma laila e kākoʻo iā ʻoe!
👩🏽⚕️ Nā Nīnau i Nīnau Pinepine ʻia (FAQs)
💬 He mau pōʻai ʻeleʻele wale nō anei nā 'Allergic Shiners' mai ka hiamoe ʻole?
ʻAʻole! ʻAʻole kēia i hana ʻia e ka nele o ka hiamoe a i ʻole ka ʻai pono ʻole. ʻIke ʻia nā ʻōlinolino allergic e like me ke kala ʻeleʻele a ʻulaʻula paha—e like me ka palapū—ma lalo o nā maka o nā keiki a me nā pākeke. ʻO ke kumu nui ʻo ia ka Allergic Rhinitis (hay fever). Ke paʻa kou mau ala ihu, hoʻonui ia i ke kaomi i loko o nā kīʻaha koko a puni a keakea i ke kahe koko maʻamau, e alakaʻi ana i kēia ʻeleʻele ʻano.
💬 No ke aha e kōkua ʻole ai nā kirīmi topical i ka wehe ʻana i kēia mau ʻāpana ʻeleʻele?
No ka mea, ʻaʻole kēia mau kiko ʻeleʻele ma ka ʻili o kou ʻili; ua hana ʻia e nā kīʻaha koko ma lalo. Ma muli o ka nele o ka oxygen i loko o kēia mau kīʻaha koko, ʻike ʻia ka ʻili i ke kala ʻole. No laila, ʻaʻole e hāʻawi nā kirīmi ʻili i kahi lāʻau lapaʻau. No ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe mau ʻana i kēia mau māka, pono ʻoe e mālama pono i ka rhinitis allergic ma lalo a i ʻole ka ihu paʻa e hoʻoulu ai i ka pilikia o ke kahe koko ma kahi mua.
💬 He aha nā lāʻau lapaʻau kūpono loa no kēia maʻi?
ʻO ke kaʻina hana koʻikoʻi loa, ʻo ia ke pale aku i nā mea hoʻonāukiuki e like me ka lepo, ka pollen, a i ʻole ka dander holoholona. Eia kekahi, ma Nirogi Lanka, ke paipai nei mākou e hoʻohana i nā antihistamines waha (e like me Loratadine a i ʻole Cetirizine) e mālama i ka pane allergies o kou kino, i hui pū ʻia me nā steroid nasal sprays e hōʻoluʻolu i ka ihu paʻa. Ke hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia kou rhinitis, e ʻike ʻoe i nā pōʻai ʻeleʻele ma lalo o kou mau maka e mae mālie ana.
Nā lepili: Allergic shiners, nā pōʻai ʻeleʻele ma lalo o nā maka, nā allergies, hay fever, ihu congestion, nā hōʻailona dermatological, nā allergies pediatric
