Ke hōʻike nei kāu hoʻāʻo koko i nā "Blast Cells"? E kamaʻilio kākou e pili ana i kēia!

I kekahi manawa e ʻike paha ʻoe i kahi mea i kapa ʻia ʻo "Blast Cells" i kāu hōʻike koko. He mea maʻamau ke hopohopo iki i kou ʻike ʻana. ʻOiai ke lohe ʻana i ka huaʻōlelo "blast" hiki ke hopohopo iki. Akā ma mua o kou hopohopo ʻana, e kamaʻilio pōkole kākou e pili ana i ke ʻano o kēia mau cell blast, no ke aha lākou i koʻikoʻi ai i ko mākou kino, a he aha ka mea e hana inā e hoʻonui lākou i ka helu?

He aha nā pūnaewele pahū? ʻO ia wale nō kāu e pono ai e ʻike?

ʻAe, he mea nui e ʻike i kēia. I ka ʻōlelo maʻalahi, ʻo nā cell blast kahi ʻano cell ʻōpiopio, a i ʻole i ulu piha ʻole, i loko o ko mākou kino. ʻO kēia nā cell e hāʻawi i nā ʻano cell like ʻole i loko o ko mākou kino. Akā inā loaʻa iā ʻoe kahi hōʻike lab e ʻōlelo ana "blasts," ʻo ia hoʻi nā cell koko ʻōpiopio. No ka mea, hoʻohana nā hematologists a me nā oncologists i nā mea e like me ka helu o nā cell blast i loko o kou koko e ʻike ai i kekahi mau maʻi e pili ana i ke koko, e like me ka leukemia acute.

Inā he ʻano ʻē kou mau cell blast a i ʻole he nui ka nui o lākou i loko o kou koko, he hōʻailona paha ia o kekahi maʻi ʻaʻai koko. No laila e hopohopo ʻoe no kēia.

No laila, he aha ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o nā hunaola kumu koko a me nā hunaola pahū?

Me he mea lā he mea paʻakikī iki kēia, akā he mea maʻalahi loa ia. E noʻonoʻo e pili ana i ia mea, he mau pae koʻikoʻi kēia ʻelua i ka ulu ʻana o kā mākou mau cell.

Ua like nā pūnaewele kumu koko me nā pūnaewele makuahine e hoʻoulu ai i nā ʻano pūnaewele ʻē aʻe a pau.

Hoʻomohala ʻia nā cell blast mai kēia mau cell kumu. Ua kapa ʻia hoʻi lākou he mau cell "progenitor" a i ʻole "precursor". ʻO ia hoʻi, he kahua "pre" lākou ma mua o ka ulu ʻana o kahi cell oʻo piha. ʻAʻole e like me ke cell kumu, ua hoʻoholo mua ʻia kahi cell blast e lilo i ʻano cell kikoʻī. Ua like ia me ke hele ʻana i ke kulanui a me ke aʻo ʻana i nā kumuhana laulā ma mua, a laila e kālele ana i kahi kahua kikoʻī.

He aha nā pōmaikaʻi o nā cell blast i ko mākou kino?

He kahua mua wale nō kahi cell blast o ke kūkulu ʻia ʻana o nā cell koko. Ke hana mau nei kou kino i nā cell koko hou (me nā cell blast) e pani i nā cell kahiko. Ua kapa ʻia kēia kaʻina hana o ke kūkulu ʻia ʻana o ke koko he hematopoiesis . Hana ʻia kēia i ka hapa nui o ka manawa i loko o kou iwi iwi .

I loko o kou iwi iwi, aia kahi pūnaewele kumu maʻamau i kapa ʻia ʻo "hematopoietic stem cell" (HSC). Hāʻawi kēia i ʻelua ʻano nui o nā pūnaewele pahū:

• Myeloblast: Loaʻa kēia ʻano cell blast maiHoʻopuka ʻia nā hunaola koko ʻulaʻula, nā hunaola koko keʻokeʻo (no ka laʻana, nā granulocytes, monocytes, neutrophils, basophils, a me eosinophils), a me nā platelets.
• Lymphoblast: ʻO kēia ʻano cell blast e hāpai i nā lymphocytes, kahi ʻano cell koko keʻokeʻo.

ʻO nā hunaola koko i ulu piha ʻia a oʻo e haʻalele i ka iwi iwi a hele i loko o kou koko. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo nā hunaola pahū e ulu mau nei no loko o kou iwi iwi, ʻaʻole i loko o kou koko. ʻO ia ke kumu e lilo ai kahi hōʻike lab e hōʻike ana i nā hunaola pahū i loko o kou koko i mea pilikia.

No ke aha e hoʻonui nei kēia mau cell blast? He hewa paha kekahi?

Inā hōʻike kahi hōʻike lab he nui kou mau cell blast i loko o kou iwi iwi a i ʻole ke koko, he hōʻailona paha ia o kahi maʻi ʻaʻai koko, e like me ka leukemia. ʻOi loa aku inā ʻano ʻē nā cell i ka nānā ʻana ma lalo o kahi microscope. ʻO ka maʻamau, he 5% wale nō o nā cell koko āpau i loko o kou iwi iwi he mau cell blast. ʻAʻole maikaʻi ka loaʻa ʻana o kekahi mau cell blast i loko o kou koko.

Aia kekahi mau kumu nui no ka hoʻonui ʻana o nā cell blast:

• ʻO ka maʻi leukemia myeloid koʻikoʻi (AML)
• ʻO ka maʻi Myelodysplastic (MDS)
• ʻO ka maʻi leukemia myeloid mau loa (CML)
• ʻO ka maʻi leukemia lymphoblastic koʻikoʻi (ALL)
• ʻO kekahi mau kūlana a me nā lāʻau lapaʻau ʻaʻole maʻi kanesa

E nānā kākou i kēlā me kēia me nā kikoʻī hou aku.

E aʻo kākou e pili ana i ka Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML)

ʻO ka hapa nui o ka manawa, ke kamaʻilio nā kauka e pili ana i nā cell blast, ke kuhikuhi nei lākou i ka leukemia myeloid acute (AML) . He ʻano maʻi ʻaʻai ʻino loa ka AML e laha koke ana. No laila, he mea nui loa ka ʻike ʻana i ka maʻi a hoʻomaka i ka lāʻau i ka wā hikiwawe. ʻO ka hoʻāʻo ʻana no kēia mau cell blast kahi ala koʻikoʻi e ʻike mua ai i ka maʻi.

I loko o AML, hōʻiliʻili nā pūnaewele pahū ʻano ʻē i loko o kou iwi iwi a kahe i waho i loko o kou koko. ʻO ka hapa nui o kēia mau mea he ʻano pūnaewele i kapa ʻia ʻo myeloblasts. Ua mākaukau kēia mau mea e lilo i mau pūnaewele koko keʻokeʻo (granulocytes) ma mua o ko lākou lilo ʻana i mau pūnaewele kanesa.

No ka mea, ʻaʻole i oʻo a ʻano ʻē kēia mau hunaola pahū, ʻaʻole lākou e hana i kekahi hana pono no ke kino. Akā, lawe lākou i kahi nui i loko o ka iwi iwi e pale ai i kou kino mai ka hana ʻana i nā hunaola koko hou a olakino e pono ai. Me ka ʻole o nā hunaola koko oʻo a hana pono, ʻaʻole hiki i kou kino ke hana maʻamau.

Inā he 20% a ʻoi aku paha kou mau cell blast i loko o kou iwi a i ʻole ke koko, he hōʻailona ia o ka AML.

He aha ka Myelodysplastic Syndrome (MDS)?

ʻO ka maʻi Myelodysplastic (MDS) kekahi ʻano maʻi koko. ʻO ka mea e hana ʻia ma ʻaneʻi, ʻaʻole e ulu nā cell blast i nā cell koko maʻamau. I ka manawa pinepine, make kēia mau cell blast ma mua o ko lākou hiki ke oʻo pono. ʻOiai he nui loa nā cell blast, i ka wā he kakaikahi loa nā cell oʻo e hiki ke hana i kā lākou hana, hiki ke loaʻa nā pilikia e like me ka anemia. Eia kekahi, hiki iā ʻoe ke loaʻa pinepine i nā maʻi (ma muli o nā cell koko keʻokeʻo haʻahaʻa) a kahe ke koko a ʻeha paha (ma muli o nā platelets haʻahaʻa).

Inā he 5% a me 20% o nā pūnaewele pahū i loko o kou iwi iwi, he hōʻailona ia o kahi maʻi i kapa ʻia ʻo `MDS.` Ma kahi o 30% o ka poʻe me `MDS` e loaʻa i ka `AML.`

E nānā pū kākou i ka Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML).

ʻO ka leukemia myeloid mau loa (CML) he maʻi ʻaʻai koko lōʻihi (mau). Hoʻoulu pū ia i ka hoʻonui ʻia o ka helu o nā cell blast i loko o ka iwi iwi a i ʻole ke koko. Hoʻokaʻawale nā ​​​​kauka i ke koʻikoʻi o ke kūlana ma muli o kāu pae cell blast:

• Ka Māhele Mau Loa CML: ʻOi aku ma mua o 10% o nā pūnaewele i loko o kou koko a i ʻole ka iwi iwi he mau pūnaewele pahū.
• Ka Pae Hoʻolalelale CML: Ma waena o 10% a me 19% o nā pūnaewele i loko o kou koko he mau pūnaewele pahū.
• ʻO ka Pāhaʻi Pahū CML (pilikia pahū): ʻOi aku ma mua o 20% o nā pūnaewele i loko o kou koko he mau pūnaewele pahū. Ua like kēia me AML.

He aha ka Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL)?

ʻO ka leukemia lymphoblastic acute (ALL) ke ʻano maʻamau o ka maʻi kanesa i nā keiki. I loko o ALL, hana ka iwi iwi i nā pūnaewele ʻano ʻē (cancerous) i kapa ʻia ʻo lymphoblasts. Māhele koke kēia mau pūnaewele ʻano ʻē a hana i nā kope he nui o lākou iho. ʻO kēia ka mea e paʻakikī ai i ka iwi iwi ke hana i nā pūnaewele maʻamau e pono ai kou kino.

Ma nā ʻano āpau, ma ka liʻiliʻi he 20% o nā hunaola koko i loko o kou iwi iwi he mau hunaola pahū. ʻO ka hapa nui o ka poʻe i ʻike ʻia me ka maʻi (ma kahi o 90%) he mau hunaola pahū nō hoʻi i loko o ko lākou koko.

Hiki ke hoʻonui ʻia nā pūnaewele pahū ma muli o nā kumu ʻē aʻe ma mua o ke kanesa?

ʻAe, he mea nui loa kēia. Mai manaʻo ʻoe he hopena ka maʻi kanesa ma muli o kahi hōʻike lab e hōʻike ana i nā cell blast kiʻekiʻe. Hiki i kekahi mau kūlana a me nā kumu ʻaʻole cancerous ke hoʻonui i ka nui o nā cell blast no kekahi manawa. ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona:

• Nā maʻi koʻikoʻi: Inā loaʻa i kou kino kahi maʻi koʻikoʻi, e like me ka maʻi koʻikoʻi (sepsis), hiki i nā pūnaewele pahū ke komo i loko o ke koko.
• Lapaʻau Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF): Hiki ke ʻike ʻia nā blast cell i loko o ke koko ma hope o ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi ʻano inikini i kapa ʻia ʻo G-CSF. Hoʻoulu kēia mau inikini i kou iwi iwi e hana i nā hunaola koko keʻokeʻo hou aʻe e pale aku iā ʻoe mai nā maʻi. Pono paha kēia mau mea inā ʻoe e loaʻa ana i ka chemotherapy a inā he haʻahaʻa kou helu hunaola koko keʻokeʻo (neutropenia).
• Nā hoʻoili ʻana o nā cell kumu: Inā ua loaʻa iā ʻoe kahi hoʻoili ʻana o nā cell kumu ma ke ʻano he lāʻau lapaʻau no kahi maʻi, hiki nō hoʻi iā ʻoe ke loaʻa ka hoʻonui ʻia o nā cell pahū. Pono paha nā hoʻoili ʻana o nā cell kumu no nā kūlana e like me nā maʻi koko, ka maʻi ʻaʻai, a i ʻole nā ​​​​maʻi autoimmune kahi i hiki ʻole ai i kou kino ke hana i nā cell koko maʻamau.

Akā ʻo ka mea nui, ʻaʻole e like me nā pūnaewele pahū e pili ana i ka maʻi kanesa, ʻo nā pūnaewele pahū i ʻike ʻia i kēia mau hihia ke nānā aku nei he olakino ma lalo o kahi microscope. Hiki iā lākou ke ulu a lilo i mau pūnaewele koko maʻamau. I ka hala ʻana o ka manawa, e emi ana kēia helu.

Pehea ʻoe e nānā pono ai i ka pae o nā cell pahū? He aha kēlā mau hoʻokolohua?

Aia kekahi mau hoʻokolohua e hōʻike ana i nā pae o nā cell blast:

• ʻO ka paʻi koko peripheral (PBS): Hōʻike kēia hoʻāʻo i ke alo o nā cell blast i loko o kou koko. Ma kahi PBS, nānā kahi pathologist i kahi hāpana o kou koko ma lalo o kahi microscope e ʻike inā he nui loa nā cell blast a inā he ʻano ʻē lākou.
• Nā hoʻāʻo iwi iwi: ʻO nā hoʻāʻo lab i hana ʻia ma hope o ka biopsy iwi iwi a i ʻole ka aspiration hiki ke ʻike i nā cell blast i loko o ka iwi iwi. Hiki i kēia mau mea ke komo pū me nā hoʻāʻo e like me ke kahe cytometry, immunohistochemistry, a i ʻole fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) e nānā i nā loli genetic i loko o nā cell .
• Pono paha ʻoe e loaʻa kahi helu koko piha (CBC) me ka ʻokoʻa e nānā i kāu helu koko ʻulaʻula a me keʻokeʻo a me nā helu platelet, no ka mea, hiki ke emi ka helu o nā huna koko olakino i ka piʻi ʻana o ka helu o nā huna pahū.

Noʻonoʻo nā kauka i nā hopena hoʻāʻo like ʻole a me nā kumu ma mua o ka ʻike ʻana i kahi maʻi e like me ka leukemia. ʻAʻole lākou e hana i nā hoʻoholo nui ma muli o hoʻokahi hoʻāʻo wale nō.

ʻO ka mea hope loa, kekahi mau mea e hoʻomanaʻo ai

ʻO ka mea nui loa, ʻaʻole ia e hopohopo ke ʻike ʻoe i ka huaʻōlelo "blasts" ma kāu hōʻike lab.He ʻoiaʻiʻo nō he hōʻailona o kahi maʻi koʻikoʻi ka loaʻa ʻana o nā cell blast i loko o kou koko. Akā, pili ia i kou olakino. I kekahi manawa, he manawa pōkole ka piʻi ʻana o nā cell blast. E emi ana ka helu i ka hala ʻana o ka manawa. I kekahi manawa, hiki ke hōʻailona ia o kahi mea koʻikoʻi, e like me ka leukemia acute. ʻO kāu kauka wale nō ke wehewehe pono i ke ʻano o kāu mau hopena no kou olakino. No laila, inā he mau nīnau kāu, mai kānalua e nīnau i kāu kauka.

Nā pūnaewele pahū, leukemia, maʻi ʻaʻai koko, iwi ʻiʻo, nā hoʻāʻo koko, nā pūnaewele, olakino