Makemake ʻoe e ʻike pono i ke ʻano o kou koko?

Inā nīnau kekahi iā ʻoe, "He aha kou ʻano koko?", e loaʻa anei iā ʻoe kahi pane? Loaʻa i kekahi poʻe, akā ʻaʻole ʻike maopopo ka hapa nui o ka poʻe. He mea nui loa ka ʻike ʻana i kou ʻano koko i kēia mau lā. E noʻonoʻo wale, i ka hanana o kahi ulia, ʻoki kino, a i ʻole i ka wā hāpai, hiki i kēia ʻāpana ʻike liʻiliʻi ke kōkua i ka hoʻopakele ʻana i kou ola. No laila, mai hopohopo, i kēia lā e kamaʻilio mākou e pili ana i ke kumuhana o nā ʻano koko ma ke ʻano maʻalahi e hiki i nā mea āpau ke hoʻomaopopo.

He aha maoli ke ʻano koko?

I ka ʻōlelo maʻalahi, ʻo ke ʻano koko kahi ala e hoʻokaʻawale ai inā kūpono kou koko me ke koko o kekahi kanaka. Ua like ia me ka loaʻa ʻana o ka nui no nā lole.

Hoʻoikaika nui ʻia kēia hoʻokaʻawale ʻana e ʻelua ʻano protein kūikawā ma ka ʻili o kāu mau keena koko ʻulaʻula. I ka lāʻau lapaʻau, kapa mākou i kēia mau antigens . E noʻonoʻo iā lākou he mau inoa liʻiliʻi i hoʻopili ʻia i nā keena koko ʻulaʻula. ʻO kēia mau ʻano inoa ʻelua ʻo ia ka antigen 'A' a me ka antigen 'B' .

Aia he 4 mau ʻano koko nui e pili ana i ka loaʻa ʻana o kēia mau antigens a i ʻole, a me ko lākou ʻano.

• ʻAno A: Loaʻa i nā hunaola koko ʻulaʻula ka antigen A wale nō.
• ʻAno B: Loaʻa wale ka antigen B.
• ʻAno AB: Loaʻa nā antigens A a me B.
• ʻAno O: ʻAʻole nā ​​​​antigens A a ʻaʻole hoʻi B.

Eia kekahi, aia kekahi mea nui ʻē aʻe, ʻo ia ka Rh factor . ʻO kēia kekahi protein i loaʻa ma ka ʻili o nā hunaola koko ʻulaʻula.

• Inā loaʻa kēia kumu Rh i loko o kou koko, he maikaʻi (+) kou ʻano koko.
• Inā ʻaʻohe o ka Rh factor, maikaʻi ʻole ke ʻano koko (-) .

Ke hui pū ʻia kēia mau mea ʻelua, ua hoʻokumu ʻia nā ʻano koko nui 8 a mākou i lohe ai:

1. He Maikaʻi (A+)

2. He Maikaʻi ʻole (A-)

3. B Maikaʻi (B+)

4. B Maikaʻi ʻole (B-)

5. AB Maikaʻi (AB+)

6. AB Maikaʻi ʻole (AB-)

7. ʻO Maikaʻi (O+)

8. ʻO Maikaʻi ʻole (O-)

No ke aha e pono ai ke kūlike o nā ʻano koko?

ʻO kēia ka mea nui loa. I ka hāʻawi ʻana i ke koko i kekahi (Blood Transfusion), he mea nui e kūlike nā ʻano koko o ka mea hāʻawi a me ka mea loaʻa.

E noʻonoʻo i kou kino me he ʻāina lā me kahi ʻōnaehana pale maikaʻi. ʻO kou ʻōnaehana pale ka pūʻali koa o ia ʻāina. Hoʻomaopopo kēia pūʻali koa i kēlā me kēia cell i loko o ke kino. Eia naʻe, inā ʻike ia i kahi mea ʻaʻole no ke kino a puka mai waho (e like me ka germ), hoʻouka kēia pūʻali koa a luku iā ia.

ʻO ia hoʻi ka mea e hana ʻia ke komo ʻana o ke ʻano koko kūlike ʻole i loko o ke kino. No ka laʻana, inā hāʻawi ʻia ke koko ʻano 'B' i ke kanaka me ke koko ʻano 'A', e ʻike ka ʻōnaehana pale o ke kanaka me ke koko ʻano 'A' i nā hunaola koko 'B' e hiki mai ana ma ke ʻano he ʻenemi. A laila e hoʻouka a luku i kēlā mau hunaola koko 'B'. Hiki i kēia hopena ke koʻikoʻi loa, e hōʻeha ana i ka hāʻule ʻana o nā puʻupaʻa, ka paʻakikī o ka hanu ʻana, a i kekahi manawa make.

ʻO wai kēia 'Universal Donor' a me ka 'Universal Recipient'?

ʻO ke ʻano koko O maikaʻi ʻole (O-) ua kapa ʻia ʻo "Universal Donor" . ʻO ia hoʻi, hiki ke hāʻawi ʻia ke koko ʻano O- i kekahi me kekahi ʻano koko. No ka mea, ʻaʻohe o kēlā mau hunaola koko i kekahi o nā antigens A, B, a i ʻole Rh a mākou i kamaʻilio ai. No laila, ʻaʻole ʻike ke kino o ka mea e loaʻa ana ke koko iā ia he ʻenemi. Ke lawe ʻia kekahi i ka ETU (Emergency Treatment Unit) ma hope o kahi ulia, a ʻaʻohe manawa e hoʻāʻo ai i ke ʻano koko, hāʻawi pinepine nā kauka i ke koko O-.

Ua kapa ʻia ke ʻano koko AB maikaʻi (AB+) ʻo ia ka "Universal Recipient." ʻO ia hoʻi, hiki i ke kanaka me ke ʻano koko AB+ ke loaʻa ke koko mai kekahi ʻano koko. No ka mea, aia nā antigens ʻekolu i loko o ko lākou koko, ʻo A, B, a me Rh, ʻae lākou i kekahi ʻano koko mai waho mai me he "ko lākou ponoʻī."

Pehea ke koʻikoʻi o ke ʻano koko i ka wā hāpai?

He mea nui loa i ka makuahine hāpai ke ʻike i kona ʻano koko, ʻoiai hoʻi ka Rh factor.

Eia kekahi laʻana, inā he Rh maikaʻi ʻole ke ʻano koko o ka makuahine (-) , akā he Rh maikaʻi (+) ke ʻano koko o ka makuakāne, ʻo ke ʻano koko o ka pēpē i loko o ka ʻōpū, ʻo ia hoʻi he Rh maikaʻi (+). I ia hihia, inā hui pū ke koko o ka makuahine a me ke pēpē ma kekahi ʻano (ʻoi aku hoʻi i ka wā hānau), ʻike ke kino o ka makuahine i nā hunaola koko Rh maikaʻi o ke pēpē ma ke ʻano he "ʻenemi". A laila hoʻomaka ia e hana i nā antibodies e kūʻē iā lākou.

ʻAʻole paha he hopena nui kēia i ka hāpai mua ʻana. Eia nō naʻe, inā hāpai ʻia kahi pēpē Rh-positive no ka lua o ka manawa, hiki i nā antibodies i hana mua ʻia e ke kino o ka makuahine ke hele ma waena o ka placenta a hoʻomaka e luku i nā hunaola koko ʻulaʻula o ka pēpē. He mea weliweli loa kēia no ka pēpē.

Pehea e ʻike ai au i koʻu ʻano koko?

Aia kekahi mau ala e ʻike ai i kou ʻano koko.

• E nīnau i kāu kauka: Inā ua loaʻa iā ʻoe kahi hoʻāʻo koko ma mua no kekahi kumu, hiki i kāu mau moʻolelo lapaʻau ke hoʻopaʻa ʻia kou ʻano koko.
• Hāʻawi koko:ʻO kēia ke ala maikaʻi loa a waiwai nui loa. Ke hāʻawi ʻoe i ke koko, hoʻāʻo ka National Blood Transfusion Service i kou ʻano koko no ka manuahi a hāʻawi iā ʻoe i kahi kāleka. Me ia, hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i kou ʻano koko a hoʻopakele i ke ola o kekahi.
• E kiʻi i kahi hoʻāʻo lab: Hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i kou ʻano koko ma ka hāʻawi ʻana i kahi hāpana koko ma kekahi haukapila a i ʻole keʻena hoʻokolohua pilikino.

ʻO ka maʻamau, ʻaʻole loli ke ʻano koko o ke kanaka i kona ola a pau. Eia nō naʻe, i nā hihia kakaikahi loa, e like me ka hoʻoili ʻana o ka iwi iwi, a i ʻole i kekahi mau kūlana olakino e like me ka leukemia, hiki ke loli ke ʻano koko.