Ke huikau nei ʻoe i kekahi manawa ke ʻōlelo ʻoe? A i ʻole he mea paʻakikī iā ʻoe ke ʻōlelo maopopo i kāu mea e makemake ai e ʻōlelo? Malia paha e loli kou leo, kani e like me ka ʻōhumu, a kani paha e like me kāu ʻōlelo lohi ʻana i nā poʻe ʻē aʻe? Inā ua loaʻa iā ʻoe kēia mau mea, ʻo ke kumu paha he ʻano i kapa ʻia ʻo dysarthria. E kamaʻilio kākou e pili ana i kēia ma nā ʻōlelo maʻalahi a kikoʻī.
hema;"> He aha ka Dysarthria? E hoʻomaopopo maʻalahi kākou!I ka ʻōlelo maʻalahi, ʻo Dysarthria
kahi maʻi ʻōlelo neʻe e hoʻopilikia i ko kākou hiki ke ʻōlelo, ʻo ia hoʻi, ka nāwaliwali i ka kaohi ʻana i nā ʻiʻo e pono ai ke ʻōlelo. E noʻonoʻo, i ka wā e ʻōlelo ai kākou, ko kākou alelo, nā lehelehe, ka ʻāwae, a me nā kaula leo i loko o ka puʻu (`(Larynx)`), pono e hana pū kēia mau mea a pau, ʻeā? hema;"> ʻAʻole hiki i ke kanaka me ka dysarthria ke kaohi pono i kēia mau ʻiʻo. Hana ʻia kēia e ka hōʻino ʻana i kā mākou ʻōnaehana nerve (`(nervous system)`).ʻO ka mea nui loa , ʻo ia ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana o ke kanaka me ka dysarthria i ka ʻōlelo. ʻIke ʻo ia i ka mea e ʻōlelo ai a pehea e ʻōlelo ai. Eia naʻe, ma muli o ka nāwaliwali o nā ʻiʻo, he paʻakikī ke haʻi maopopo i nā huaʻōlelo a ʻōlelo ma ke ʻano e hiki ai i nā poʻe ʻē aʻe ke hoʻomaopopo. Me he mea lā inā makemake ʻoe e hīmeni maikaʻi loa i kahi mele, akā ʻaʻole olakino kou puʻu, ʻaʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke hīmeni maopopo.
Hiki i ka Dysarthria ke hele mai i ʻelua ʻano nui:
1. Developmental dysarthria: Hana ʻia kēia ma muli o ka hōʻino ʻana i ka lolo i ka wā hāpai a i ka wā hānau paha. No ka laʻana, hiki ke loaʻa kēia ʻano ma nā keiki me ka cerebral palsy . Hoʻopilikia pinepine ia i nā keiki ʻōpio.
2. ʻO ka dysarthria i loaʻa: Hana ʻia kēia e ka hōʻino ʻana i ka lolo ma hope o ke ola. No ka laʻana, hiki i nā kūlana e like me ka hahau ʻana , ka puʻupuʻu lolo, a i ʻole ka maʻi Parkinson ke hana i ka dysarthria. ʻO kēia ka mea maʻamau i waena o nā pākeke.
He aha nā ʻano dysarthria like ʻole? Hikike hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka Dysarthria i kekahi mau ʻano ma muli o ka ʻāpana o kā mākou ʻōnaehana nerve i hōʻino ʻia. Ke kamaʻilio mākou e pili ana i kā mākou ʻōnaehana nerve, hoʻokomo pū ia i nā ʻāpana nui e like me ka lolo a me ke kaula spinal (Central Nervous System) a me ka pūnaewele o nā aʻalolo e pālahalaha ana ma ke kino (Peripheral Nervous System).
Eia kekahi o nā ʻano nui:
- Flaccid dysarthria: Hana ʻia kēia e ka hōʻino ʻana i nā neurons motor haʻahaʻa, ʻo ia kekahi o kā mākou ʻōnaehana nerve peripheral. I kēia ʻano, hiki ke kani ka ʻōlelo ʻana me he mea lā e hanu nui ana ʻoe, me he mea lā e ʻōlelo ana ʻoe ma kou ihu (kani ihu). Hiki ke manaʻo ʻia kou leo ua nāwaliwali.
- Spastic dysarthria:
ʻOi aku ka maʻamau o ka Dysarthria i nā poʻe me kekahi mau maʻi neurological. No ka laʻana:
- Hoʻopilikia ka ALS (Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis - ALS) ma kahi o 30% o nā kānaka.
- Hoʻopilikia ka Multiple Sclerosis (MS) i 25% a 50% o nā kānaka i kekahi manawa o ko lākou ola.
- Hoʻopilikia ka maʻi Parkinson i kahi nui loa o nā kānaka.
- Hoʻopilikia ka hahau i 8% a 60% o nā kānaka.
- Hoʻopilikia ka ʻeha o ka lolo traumatic i 10% a 65% o nā kānaka.
Hōʻike kēia mau helu ʻoiai he huaʻōlelo hou kēia, hiki iā ia ke hoʻopilikia i nā kānaka he nui.
hema;"> Dysarthria He aha nā hōʻailona o ka dysarthria?ʻO ka hōʻailona nui, he paʻakikī i nā poʻe ʻē aʻe ke hoʻomaopopo i kāu mea e ʻōlelo nei. ʻO kēia no ka mea ʻaʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke kaohi pono i kou mau lehelehe, alelo, a me kou ʻāwae e ʻōlelo maopopo.
Hiki i nā hōʻailona ʻē aʻe ke komo pū me:
- Ke slurring i kāu mau ʻōlelo a i ʻole ka manaʻo e like me ʻoe e haʻalulu ana .
- ʻŌlelo wikiwiki a lohi paha ma mua o kou manaʻo
- .
Hiki i kēia nāwaliwali i ka kaohi ʻana i nā ʻiʻo ke kumu i kekahi manawa ka paʻakikī i ka ale ʻana (dysphagia) . He mea kēia e makaʻala nui ai.
hema;"> He aha ke kumu o ka dysarthria?E like me kā mākou i kūkākūkā ai ma mua, hema;"> hana ʻia ka dysarthria ke hōʻino ʻia nā ʻāpana o ka ʻōnaehana nerve e kāohi ana i nā ʻiʻo e kōkua iā mākou e ʻōlelo. Hoʻokomo pū kēia me nā ʻiʻo i ko mākou maka a me ka puʻu, a me nā ʻiʻo e kōkua iā mākou e hanu. Hiki i nā ʻeha, nā maʻi, a me nā kūlana neuromuscular ke hana.
ʻO kekahi o nā kumu maʻamau:
- ALS. (ALS a i ʻole ka maʻi ʻo Lou Gehrig)
- Nā puʻupuʻu lolo
- Cerebral Palsy
- Dementia (nā kūlana nalowale hoʻomanaʻo)
- Maʻi ʻo Huntington Maʻi Lyme (kahi maʻi i lawe ʻia e ka tick
- )
- Multiple sclerosis (MS)
- Muscular dystrophy
- Myasthenia gravis (kahi maʻi nāwaliwali o nā ʻiʻo)
- Maʻi ʻo Parkinson
- Stroke
- Traumatic Brain Injury Nā ʻeha
- i kou maka a i ʻole ka waha.
- Nā ʻeha i kou poʻo, ʻāʻī, alelo, a i ʻole nā kāleka leo.
I kekahi manawa, hiki i kekahi mau lāʻau lapaʻau (e.g., sedatives, antiseizure drugs) ke hana i nā hōʻailona e like me ka dysarthria ma ke ʻano he hopena ʻaoʻao.
He aha nā pilikia o ka dysarthria? Hiki ika paʻakikī o ka ʻōlelo ʻana ke hana i nā pilikia like ʻole i ke kaiāulu. Ke pilikia ʻoe i ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i ka ʻōlelo a haʻi, hiki iā ia ke hoʻopilikia i kāu hana, hana kula, a me nā pilina pilikino. ʻO ke kaumaha i hoʻokumu ʻia e kēia hiki ke alakaʻi i nā pilikia olakino noʻonoʻo, e like me ke kaumaha .
Pehea e ʻike ʻia ai ka dysarthria?No laila, he mea nui e loaʻa ka lāʻau lapaʻau e kōkua iā ʻoe e ʻōlelo a mālama i nā pilina koʻikoʻi āu me nā poʻe ʻē aʻe.
E nīnau kāu kauka e pili ana i kou mōʻaukala olakino a hana i kahi hoʻokolohua kino. A laila, he Speech-Language Pathologist (SLP)
E nānā ʻia ʻoe e hoʻoholo i ke koʻikoʻi o kou dysarthria. E nānā ʻo ia i kou hanu ʻana, ke ʻano o kou leo, a me kou hiki ke hoʻoneʻe i kou mau lehelehe, ke alelo, a me nā ʻiʻo o ka maka.E noi paha ʻo ia iā ʻoe e hana i nā mea e like me:
- E hoʻopuka i kou alelo.
- E minoʻaka, e ʻūlū i kou mau lehelehe, e palu i kou mau lehelehe.
- E helu mai ka hoʻokahi a hiki i ka ʻumi, a i ʻole e ʻōlelo i ka pīʻāpā.
- E heluhelu i kahi paukū.
- E hana hou i nā leo, nā huaʻōlelo, a me nā ʻōlelo, a komo i ke kamaʻilio maʻamau.
He aha nā hoʻokolohua ʻē aʻe e pono ai e ʻike i ka dysarthria?
Hiki i nā hoʻokolohua ʻē aʻe ke komo pū me:
- MRI a i ʻole CT scans o kou lolo, poʻo, a me ka ʻāʻī - ke nānā nei kēia mau mea i nā mea ʻē aʻe e hiki ke hoʻopilikia i kou hiki ke ʻōlelo.
- Hoʻāʻo EEG (Electroencephalogram) - e nānā i nā mea ʻē aʻe i ka hana o ka lolo e pili ana me ka dysarthria.
- Hoʻāʻo EMG (Electromyography) - e nānā i ka hana uila o kou mau ʻiʻo a me nā aʻalolo.
- Nā hoʻāʻo koko a mimi paha - e nānā i kekahi maʻi a mumū paha e hoʻoulu ai i nā pilikia ʻōlelo.
- Spinal tap (lumbar puncture) - e nānā i kekahi maʻi a puʻupuʻu paha e hoʻoulu ai i ka dysphagia.
I kekahi manawa hele pū ʻia ka dysphagia me ka paʻakikī o ka moni ʻana (dysphagia), no laila e kauoha paha kāu kauka i kahi haʻawina moni barium i hoʻololi ʻia a i ʻole kahi haʻawina moni videofluoroscopic (VFSS) .
hema;"> He aha nā lāʻau lapaʻau no ka dysarthria?Hiki i ka poʻe me ka dysarthria ke pōmaikaʻi nui mai ka ʻōlelo hoʻōla e hoʻomaikaʻi i kā lākou mākaukau kamaʻilio. Hiki i kahi pathologist ʻōlelo a me ka ʻōlelo (SLP) ke kamaʻilio me kou ʻohana a aʻo iā lākou pehea e kamaʻilio maikaʻi aku ai me ʻoe.
I ka wā o nā kau ʻōlelo hoʻōla, hiki iā ʻoe ke aʻo i nā mea e like me:
- Nā hoʻomaʻamaʻa e hoʻoikaika i nā ʻiʻo i kou alelo, lehelehe, a me ka ʻāwae.
- Nā hoʻolālā e ʻōlelo nui ai (e.g., hanu hohonu ma mua o ka ʻōlelo ʻana).
- Nā hoʻolālā e ʻōlelo maopopo ai (e.g., hoʻolohi i kāu ʻōlelo, me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻiʻo kikoʻī e haʻi i nā leo a me nā huaʻōlelo).
- Nā ʻano kamaʻilio nonverbal (e.g., gesturing, kākau).
Inā koʻikoʻi kou hema;"> dysarthria, pono paha ʻoe i kahi mea e kamaʻilio ai me nā poʻe ʻē aʻe. Hiki i kēia ke komo pū me kahi papa me nā leka a i ʻole nā kiʻi, a i ʻole kahi kamepiula kūikawā me kahi keyboard a me kahi pale e hōʻike ana i nā leka.
hema;"> Hiki ke pale ʻia ka dysarthria?ʻAʻole hiki ke pale ʻia nā kumu āpau o ka dysarthria. Eia nō naʻe, hiki iā ʻoe ke hana i nā hana e hōʻemi i kou pilikia o kekahi mau kumu (e laʻa, ʻeha, hahau). No ka laʻana, hiki i ka ʻai ʻana i kahi meaʻai olakino ke hōʻemi i kou pilikia o nā kūlana e hoʻonui ai i kou pilikia o ka hahau ʻana, e like me ke koko kiʻekiʻe, ka maʻi diabetes, a me ka maʻi coronary artery. hema;"> Hiki ke ho'ōla loa ʻia ka dysarthria?Aia ia i ke kumu o kou hema;"> dysarthria. Inā hana ʻia e ka hopena ʻaoʻao o kahi lāʻau lapaʻau, e nalowale pinepine ke ʻano ke hoʻōki ʻia ka lāʻau lapaʻau. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ka dysarthria i hoʻokumu ʻia e kahi kūlana neuromuscular lōʻihi (`(kūlana neuromuscular mau)`), ka maʻi lolo, a i ʻole ka ʻeha ʻaʻole paha e hoʻihoʻi ʻia. Eia nō naʻe, hiki i ka hoʻōla ʻōlelo ke hoʻomaikaʻi maoli i kāu mau mākau kamaʻilio.
Kōkua ka hoʻōla ʻōlelo iā ʻoe e hoʻohana pono i kou mau ʻiʻo ʻōlelo a aʻo iā ʻoe i nā ala e kamaʻilio ai me ka ʻole o nā huaʻōlelo.
hema;"> He aha kekahi mau ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo no ka ʻōlelo ʻana ma ke ʻano he kanaka me ka dysarthria?Inā ua haʻalele ʻoe;"> dysarthria, hiki i kēia mau ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo ke kōkua iā ʻoe:
- E haʻi mua i ke kumuhana. Hāʻawi i ka poʻe hoʻolohe i kahi manaʻo o ka mea āu e ʻōlelo mua ai. No ka laʻana, ma mua o ke kamaʻilio ʻana e pili ana i ke kiʻiʻoniʻoni āu e makemake ai e nānā, e hoʻomaka me ka ʻōlelo ʻana "ke kiʻiʻoniʻoni."
- E ʻōlelo mālie a me ka leo kūpono. ʻO ka haʻi maopopo ʻana i nā huaʻōlelo e kōkua i ka mea hoʻolohe e hoʻomaopopo. ʻO ka ʻōlelo ʻana i nā ʻōlelo pōkole me nā hoʻomaha pinepine e hāʻawi i ka mea hoʻolohe i ka manawa e hoʻomaopopo ai i kāu mea e ʻōlelo nei.
- E pale i ka ʻōlelo ʻana i ka wā e luhi ai ʻoe. hema;"> He nui ka poʻe me ka dysarthria e ʻike nei he paʻakikī ke ʻōlelo i ka wā e luhi ai lākou.
- E hōʻoia i ka poʻe e hoʻolohe ana e hoʻomaopopo i kāu mea e ʻōlelo nei. He manaʻo maikaʻi ke nīnau i ka poʻe e hoʻolohe ana ma waena. E kōkua kēia iā ʻoe e pale i ka hana hou ʻana i kāu mea i ʻōlelo ai.
- E hoʻohana i nā ʻano kamaʻilio waha ʻole inā pono. Inā luhi loa ke kamaʻilio ʻana, e haʻi i ka mea āu e kamaʻilio nei, e kākau i lalo, e kaha kiʻi, a i ʻole e hoʻopanee i ke kamaʻilio ʻana.
He aha nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo e hiki i nā poʻe ʻē aʻe ke hoʻohana i ka wā e kamaʻilio ai me aʻu?
Hiki i kahi pathologist ʻōlelo a me ka ʻōlelo (SLP) ke hāʻawi i nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo e kōkua i nā poʻe ʻē aʻe e kamaʻilio me ʻoe. No ka laʻana, hiki i kāu mea aloha ke hana i kēia mau mea:
- E hōʻemi i nā mea hoʻohilahila/walaʻau (e.g., e hoʻopau i ka lekiō, TV).
- E hoʻolohe pono i kāu kamaʻilio ʻana.
- E kamaʻilio me ʻoe iho ma kahi mālie a mālamalama .
- Kōkua iā ʻoe e kamaʻilio
Inā pilikia ʻoe i ka ʻōlelo ʻana, e ʻike i kāu kauka. Inā pōkole kou hanu, loaʻa ka ʻū mau, a loaʻa paha ka maʻi pneumonia, e ʻimi koke i ke kōkua lapaʻau.
Āhea wau e hele ai i ka lumi pilikia (ETU) ?
ʻO kekahi mau kumu o ka dysarthria, e like me ka hahau ʻana, pono e mālama ʻia i ka lāʻau lapaʻau pilikia. Inā hōʻike kekahi i nā hōʻailona o ka maʻi lolo, e lawe koke iā lākou i ka lumi pilikia.
ʻO nā hōʻailona o ka maʻi lolo:
- Ka nāwaliwali a i ʻole ke kūlou ʻana ma kekahi ʻaoʻao o ka maka.
- ʻAʻole hiki ke hāpai i nā lima ʻelua .
- Huikau a me ka hoʻomaha ʻole .
- Nalowale ke kaulike .
- ʻŌlelo slurred/stuttering .
Hiki iā ʻoe ke nīnau i nā nīnau e like me:
- He aha ke kumu o koʻu hema;"> dysarthria?
- He aha nā lāʻau lapaʻau i loaʻa?
- Pehea e hiki ai iaʻu ke hoʻomaikaʻi i kaʻu mau mākau ʻōlelo?
- He aha nā hopena e hiki iaʻu ke manaʻo mai ka hoʻōla ʻōlelo?
- Pono anei au e hoʻohana i kahi mea kamaʻilio?
ʻO Aphasia kahi kūlana e paʻakikī ai ke hoʻomaopopo i ka ʻōlelo a haʻi a i ʻole e wehewehe i nā manaʻo o kekahi. ʻAʻole ia he pilikia me nā ʻiʻo ʻōlelo e like me dysarthria. I ka aphasia, ua hoʻopilikia ʻia nā kikowaena ʻōlelo o ka lolo.
hema;"> He aha ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o dysarthria a me apraxia?ʻO Apraxia kahi ʻano ʻokoʻa o ka maʻi ʻōlelo motor. Loaʻa i ka poʻe me apraxia ka hana maʻamau o nā ʻiʻo, akā paʻakikī iā lākou ke hana i nā neʻe manawaleʻa e like me ka ʻōlelo ʻana. ʻO ia hoʻi, ʻo ka leka mai ka lolo i nā ʻiʻo e haʻi ana iā lākou e "neʻe i kēia ʻaoʻao a i kēlā" ʻaʻole ia e hele pono. ʻO ka pilikia me ka hoʻolālā ʻana pehea e haʻi ai i nā huaʻōlelo.
hema;"> He aha ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o dysarthria a me dysphagia?E like me dysarthria, pili pū ka dysphagia i nā pilikia me ka kaohi ʻana o nā ʻiʻo. Akā hema;"> ʻO Dysarthria kahi paʻakikī i ka ʻōlelo ʻana, ʻoiai ʻo dysphagia kahi paʻakikī i ka ale ʻana i ka meaʻai . I kekahi manawa ua waiho ʻia ka dysphagia;">
Hiki i ka Dysarthria ke lilo i hōʻailona.ʻO ka mea hope loa, nā mea e hoʻomanaʻo ai (Leka Lawe-Home)
Inā pilikia ʻoe i ke kamaʻilio ʻana me nā poʻe ʻē aʻe ma muli o ka dysarthria, e kamaʻilio me kāu kauka e pili ana i ia mea. Hiki i kāu kauka ke kuhikuhi iā ʻoe i ka ʻōlelo lapaʻau. Hiki i nā kauka ʻōlelo a me nā ʻōlelo (SLP) ke aʻo i kāu mau hoaaloha a me kou ʻohana pehea e kamaʻilio maikaʻi ai me ʻoe. E hoʻomanaʻo, ʻoiai inā paʻakikī kou nāwaliwali o nā ʻiʻo i ka ʻōlelo ʻana, me ka mālama kūpono a me ke kākoʻo, hiki iā ʻoe ke mālama i kāu mau pilina waiwai. Mai makaʻu, e kiʻi i ke kōkua.
` hema;"> Dysarthria, pilikia ʻōlelo, maʻi ʻōlelo, ʻōnaehana nerve, hōʻino ʻana o ka lolo, hoʻōla ʻōlelo, haʻalulu, ʻōlelo slurred
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