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ʻO ka hopena hou i nā pilikia sinus: ʻO ka mea e pono ai ʻoe e ʻike e pili ana i ke ʻoki ʻana o FESS (Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery)

ʻO ka hopena hou i nā pilikia sinus: ʻO ka mea e pono ai ʻoe e ʻike e pili ana i ke ʻoki ʻana o FESS (Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery)

Ua luhi hoʻi ʻoe i ka ihu paʻa, ka paʻakikī o ka hanu ʻana, a me ke poʻo kaumaha? ʻAʻohe mea nui ka nui o nā lāʻau lapaʻau a me nā ʻūpā ihu āu e hoʻohana ai no nā pilikia sinus, ʻaʻole ia e hana? I kekahi manawa, ke hoʻomau kēia mau pilikia sinus, ʻōlelo nā kauka i ka wehe ʻana i ke kumu. He ʻoki kino holomua a palekana hoʻi ʻo FESS i hana ʻia i ia mau manawa. E kamaʻilio kākou e pili ana i kēia i kēia lā.

I ka ʻōlelo maʻalahi, he aha ke ʻano o ke ʻoki kino FESS?

ʻO ka inoa piha o FESS ʻo Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery . He ʻoki kino minimally invasive kēia no nā kūlana e pili ana i ka sinus. ʻO ke ʻano o "Minimally invasive" ma ʻaneʻi, hana ʻia kēia ʻoki kino me ka ʻole o ka hana ʻana i nā ʻoki nui a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea hana liʻiliʻi loa.

E noʻonoʻo, hana ke kauka i kēia ʻoki kino mai loko mai o kou ihu. ʻO ia hoʻi, ʻaʻohe ʻoki i hana ʻia ma kou maka a puni paha kou ihu. No laila, ʻaʻohe ʻeha i ʻike ʻia . Ma kēia, hoʻokomo ʻia kahi ʻōmole lahilahi loa i lako me ke kāmela (kapa mākou i kēia he Nasal Endoscope ) i loko o kou ihu a hana ke kauka i ke ʻoki kino ʻoiai e nānā ana i nā kiʻi ma kahi monitor. Hoʻopau ʻia nā mea paʻa i loko o ka ihu me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea hana ʻoki kino liʻiliʻi loa e hele ana ma o kēlā ʻōmole.

ʻO wai ka mea e pono ai ke ʻoki kino FESS?

ʻO ka maʻamau, ke kahe pono ʻole kou mau sinuses, hōʻiliʻili ka mucus (e like me ka mucus) a paʻa. Hiki i kēia ke hana i ka ihu paʻa, ka ʻeha, a me ka paʻakikī o ka hanu ʻana. Hoʻōla pinepine ʻia kēia me nā antibiotics a i ʻole nā ​​​​​​ihu ihu. Eia naʻe, inā ʻaʻole kōkua kēlā mau lāʻau lapaʻau, hiki i kāu kauka ke paipai i ke ʻoki FESS.

E noʻonoʻo paha ʻoe i kēia ʻoki kino inā loaʻa iā ʻoe kekahi a ʻoi aku paha o kēia mau kūlana:

Kūlana olakino He wehewehe maʻalahi
Sinusitis mau loa He maʻi sinus mau loa e mau ana no nā mahina a ʻaʻole i ho'ōla ʻia e ka lāʻau lapaʻau.
Nā maʻi sinus houInā ʻoe e ʻoluʻolu no kekahi mau lā ma hope o ka lawe ʻana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau, a laila hoʻi pinepine mai kou mau pilikia sinus.
Nā polyps ihu Nā ʻiʻo palupalu a ʻeha ʻole i loko o ka ihu a i ʻole nā ​​lua sinus. Hiki i kēia ke hoʻoulu i ka ihu paʻa.
Nā puʻupuʻu a i ʻole nā ​​​​pūnaewele ʻē aʻe i loko o nā sinuses Hoʻohana ʻia kēia ʻoki kino i kekahi manawa e wehe i nā ʻōpū noncancerous a i ʻole cancerous.
Ka Leakahe o ka Wai o ka Spinal Cerebral Hoʻohana ʻia nō hoʻi ia e hoʻōki i kekahi mau mea ʻino a i ʻole ke kahe ʻana o ka wai cerebrospinal ma ke kumu o ke poʻo.

Pehea ʻoe e hoʻomākaukau ai ma mua o ke ʻoki kino?

E wehewehe pono ana kāu kauka i ka mea e pono ai ʻoe e hana ma mua o ke ʻoki ʻana, akā ma ke ʻano laulā, pono ʻoe e makaʻala i kēia mau mea.

  • Ke haʻalele ʻana i ka puhipaka: Pono ʻoe e hoʻōki loa i ka puhipaka ma ka liʻiliʻi he ʻekolu pule ma mua o ke ʻoki kino. Hiki i ka puhipaka ke hoʻonui i kou mau hōʻailona sinus a keakea i ke kaʻina hana ho'ōla.
  • E ho'ōki i ka lawe ʻana i nā lāʻau lapaʻau e like me ka aspirin: E pale i ka lawe ʻana i nā lāʻau hoʻokahe koko e like me ka aspirin no ʻehiku mau lā ma mua o ke ʻoki kino. Hiki i kēia mau lāʻau ke hoʻonui i ke kahe koko i ka wā a ma hope o ke ʻoki kino. E hōʻoia e haʻi i kāu kauka e pili ana i nā lāʻau lapaʻau ʻē aʻe āu e lawe nei.
  • ʻO ka hoʻokē ʻai: Mai ʻai a inu paha i kekahi mea mai ke aumoe o ka lā o ke ʻoki kino. ʻO kēia ke pale aku i nā pilikia e hiki mai ana i ka wā o ka anesthesia laulā.
  • Kekahi e hoʻokele iā ʻoe i ka home: ʻAʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻokele iā ʻoe iho ma hope o ke ʻoki ʻana, no laila he mea nui e hoʻonohonoho mua no kekahi e hoʻokele iā ʻoe i ka home.

He aha ka mea e hana ʻia i ka wā o ke ʻoki kino?

Hana ʻia kēia ʻoki kino ma lalo o ka anesthesia laulā, ʻo ia hoʻi, e hiamoe nui ʻoe. No laila, ʻaʻole ʻoe e ʻeha .

1. ʻO ka mea mua, e hoʻomoe ke kauka iā ʻoe.

2. A laila, hoʻopili ʻia kahi decongestant i ka ihu e wehe i ka mucus.

3. Hāʻawi ʻia kahi inikini e hoʻomānoʻonoʻo i ka ʻāpana a puni ka ihu.

4. A laila, hoʻokomo pono ʻia ka ʻōmole lahilahi (endoscope) me ke kāmela i hoʻopili ʻia i loko o ka ihu.

5. Hoʻokomo ʻia nā mea hana liʻiliʻi ma o ia mea e wehe i nā ʻiʻo keu, nā ʻāpana iwi, a i ʻole nā ​​polyp e ālai ana i nā sinuses.

Ma hope o ke ʻoki ʻana, hiki ke hoʻopiha ʻia ka ihu i kekahi manawa me kahi mea kūikawā (mea hoʻopili) e omo i ke koko a i ʻole nā ​​mea huna ʻē aʻe. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole pono kēia no kēlā me kēia ʻoki ʻana. ʻO ka maʻamau, ʻelua a ʻekolu hola ka lōʻihi o ke ʻoki ʻana.

He aha nā pōmaikaʻi a me nā pilikia o kēia ʻoki kino?

He hana palekana a holomua hoʻi ke ʻoki ʻana o ka FESS i hoʻohana ʻia ma ke ʻano he kūlana maʻamau no ka mālama ʻana i nā pilikia sinus ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa.

ʻO ka pōmaikaʻi nui o kēia ʻoki kino, ʻo ia ka wehe ʻana i nā lua sinus a hoʻihoʻi i ke kahe ʻana o ke ea a me ka hoʻokahe ʻana. ʻOi aku ka maʻalahi o ka hanu ʻana a hoʻomaikaʻi i kou ʻano ola. ʻOiai e mau ana kekahi mau hōʻailona, ​​​​ʻike ka hapa nui o ka poʻe i ka hōʻoluʻolu nui.

E like me nā ʻoki kino āpau, he liʻiliʻi loa nā pilikia, akā he kakaikahi loa kēia mau mea.

  • Ka nui o ke kahe ʻana o ke koko ihu.
  • ʻIke pālua a nalowale paha ka ʻike (kākaʻikahi loa).
  • Ka nui o nā waimaka mai nā maka mai.
  • Ka nalowale ʻana o ke ʻala.
  • Ka hoʻokahe ʻana o ka wai Cerebrospinal.

Wahi a kekahi noiʻi hou, ʻoiai ka pilikia i hōʻike pinepine ʻia, ʻo ke kahe koko nui, e loaʻa wale ana i kahi helu liʻiliʻi loa o nā hihia, ma kahi o 3 o 100 mau ʻoki kino . No laila, mai hopohopo pono ʻole e pili ana i kēia. Hiki iā ʻoe ke kamaʻilio me kāu kauka e pili ana i kēia a ʻike hou aku.

He aha kāu e hana ai ma hope o ke ʻoki kino?

Ma hope o ke ʻoki ʻana, e mālama ʻia ʻoe i loko o kahi lumi hoʻōla no kekahi manawa, kahi e nānā pono ʻia ai ʻoe. Ma mua o kou hoʻi ʻana i ka home, e wehewehe kāu kauka i ka mea e manaʻo ai i nā lā e hiki mai ana. No ka laʻana, he mea maʻamau ke loaʻa kekahi kahe koko, ka ihu paʻa, a me kekahi ʻoluʻolu ʻole no kekahi mau lā.

Eia nā mea e pono ai ʻoe e hahai i kou wā e hoʻōla hou ai:

  • Mai kohi i kou ihu no hoʻokahi pule ma ka liʻiliʻi .
  • E holoi i kou ihu a me nā sinuses me ka wai saline i ʻōlelo ʻia e kāu kauka.
  • I ka wā e kihe ana, e wehe i kou waha a honi . E hōʻemi kēia i ke kaomi ma kou ihu. I ka wā e kihe ana, hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i ke kahe koko a i ʻole ka mucous, he mea maʻamau ia.
  • E pale i ka hoʻoikaika kino a i ʻole ka hāpai ʻana i nā mea kaumaha a hiki i ka wā e ʻōlelo ʻē ai kāu kauka.
  • E lawe i nā lāʻau lapaʻau e like me ke kauoha (e.g., antibiotics).

ʻEhia ka lōʻihi e hoʻōla piha ai?

He mau mahina paha e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke manaʻo ua ho'ōla loa ʻia, akā hoʻōla ka hapa nui o ka poʻe i loko o hoʻokahi a ʻelua paha pule.Ua hiki iā lākou ke hoʻi i kā lākou hana maʻamau (e hele ana i ke kula, e hele ana i ka hana).

Leka Lawe-Home

  • He hana ʻoki kino holomua loa, palekana, a me ke ʻano hou ʻo FESS no nā pilikia sinus mau loa.
  • Ma kēia kaʻina hana, ʻaʻohe ʻoki ʻia ma waho o ka maka, akā hana ʻia ke ʻoki ʻana mai loko mai o ka ihu, no laila ʻaʻohe ʻeha i koe.
  • He mea nui loa ka hoʻōki ʻana i ka puhipaka a hahai i nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo a ke kauka ma mua o ke ʻoki ʻana.
  • E hahai pono i nā kuhikuhi, e like me ke pale ʻana i ke kohi ʻana i ka ihu i ka wā e hoʻōla ai ma hope o ke ʻoki ʻana.
  • Inā hoʻi mai kāu mau hōʻailona ma hope o ko lākou hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana, a inā he mau pilikia ʻē aʻe kāu, e ʻike koke i kāu kauka. E ʻoluʻolu e nīnau iā ia i kāu mau nīnau e pili ana i kēia ʻoki kino.

FESS, ʻoki kino sinus Endoscopic hana, ʻoki kino sinus, sinusitis, polyps ihu, paʻa ʻana o ka ihu, sinusitis, polyps ihu
⚠️ Important: The medical articles and information on Nirogi Lanka are for general awareness only, and are by no means a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. For any medical problem you have, consult a qualified physician immediately.

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ʻO ka hopena hou i nā pilikia sinus: ʻO ka mea e pono ai ʻoe e ʻike e pili ana i ke ʻoki ʻana o FESS (Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery)
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ʻO ka hopena hou i nā pilikia sinus: ʻO ka mea e pono ai ʻoe e ʻike e pili ana i ke ʻoki ʻana o FESS (Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery)

Ua luhi hoʻi ʻoe i ka ihu paʻa, ka paʻakikī o ka hanu ʻana, a me ke poʻo kaumaha? ʻAʻohe mea nui ka nui o nā lāʻau lapaʻau a me nā ʻūpā ihu āu e hoʻohana ai no nā pilikia sinus, ʻaʻole ia e hana? I kekahi manawa, ke hoʻomau kēia mau pilikia sinus, ʻōlelo nā kauka i ka wehe ʻana i ke kumu. He ʻoki kino holomua a palekana hoʻi ʻo FESS i hana ʻia i ia mau manawa. E kamaʻilio kākou e pili ana i kēia i kēia lā.

I ka ʻōlelo maʻalahi, he aha ke ʻano o ke ʻoki kino FESS?

ʻO ka inoa piha o FESS ʻo Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery . He ʻoki kino minimally invasive kēia no nā kūlana e pili ana i ka sinus. ʻO ke ʻano o "Minimally invasive" ma ʻaneʻi, hana ʻia kēia ʻoki kino me ka ʻole o ka hana ʻana i nā ʻoki nui a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea hana liʻiliʻi loa.

E noʻonoʻo, hana ke kauka i kēia ʻoki kino mai loko mai o kou ihu. ʻO ia hoʻi, ʻaʻohe ʻoki i hana ʻia ma kou maka a puni paha kou ihu. No laila, ʻaʻohe ʻeha i ʻike ʻia . Ma kēia, hoʻokomo ʻia kahi ʻōmole lahilahi loa i lako me ke kāmela (kapa mākou i kēia he Nasal Endoscope ) i loko o kou ihu a hana ke kauka i ke ʻoki kino ʻoiai e nānā ana i nā kiʻi ma kahi monitor. Hoʻopau ʻia nā mea paʻa i loko o ka ihu me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea hana ʻoki kino liʻiliʻi loa e hele ana ma o kēlā ʻōmole.

ʻO wai ka mea e pono ai ke ʻoki kino FESS?

ʻO ka maʻamau, ke kahe pono ʻole kou mau sinuses, hōʻiliʻili ka mucus (e like me ka mucus) a paʻa. Hiki i kēia ke hana i ka ihu paʻa, ka ʻeha, a me ka paʻakikī o ka hanu ʻana. Hoʻōla pinepine ʻia kēia me nā antibiotics a i ʻole nā ​​​​​​ihu ihu. Eia naʻe, inā ʻaʻole kōkua kēlā mau lāʻau lapaʻau, hiki i kāu kauka ke paipai i ke ʻoki FESS.

E noʻonoʻo paha ʻoe i kēia ʻoki kino inā loaʻa iā ʻoe kekahi a ʻoi aku paha o kēia mau kūlana:

Kūlana olakino He wehewehe maʻalahi
Sinusitis mau loa He maʻi sinus mau loa e mau ana no nā mahina a ʻaʻole i ho'ōla ʻia e ka lāʻau lapaʻau.
Nā maʻi sinus houInā ʻoe e ʻoluʻolu no kekahi mau lā ma hope o ka lawe ʻana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau, a laila hoʻi pinepine mai kou mau pilikia sinus.
Nā polyps ihu Nā ʻiʻo palupalu a ʻeha ʻole i loko o ka ihu a i ʻole nā ​​lua sinus. Hiki i kēia ke hoʻoulu i ka ihu paʻa.
Nā puʻupuʻu a i ʻole nā ​​​​pūnaewele ʻē aʻe i loko o nā sinuses Hoʻohana ʻia kēia ʻoki kino i kekahi manawa e wehe i nā ʻōpū noncancerous a i ʻole cancerous.
Ka Leakahe o ka Wai o ka Spinal Cerebral Hoʻohana ʻia nō hoʻi ia e hoʻōki i kekahi mau mea ʻino a i ʻole ke kahe ʻana o ka wai cerebrospinal ma ke kumu o ke poʻo.

Pehea ʻoe e hoʻomākaukau ai ma mua o ke ʻoki kino?

E wehewehe pono ana kāu kauka i ka mea e pono ai ʻoe e hana ma mua o ke ʻoki ʻana, akā ma ke ʻano laulā, pono ʻoe e makaʻala i kēia mau mea.

  • Ke haʻalele ʻana i ka puhipaka: Pono ʻoe e hoʻōki loa i ka puhipaka ma ka liʻiliʻi he ʻekolu pule ma mua o ke ʻoki kino. Hiki i ka puhipaka ke hoʻonui i kou mau hōʻailona sinus a keakea i ke kaʻina hana ho'ōla.
  • E ho'ōki i ka lawe ʻana i nā lāʻau lapaʻau e like me ka aspirin: E pale i ka lawe ʻana i nā lāʻau hoʻokahe koko e like me ka aspirin no ʻehiku mau lā ma mua o ke ʻoki kino. Hiki i kēia mau lāʻau ke hoʻonui i ke kahe koko i ka wā a ma hope o ke ʻoki kino. E hōʻoia e haʻi i kāu kauka e pili ana i nā lāʻau lapaʻau ʻē aʻe āu e lawe nei.
  • ʻO ka hoʻokē ʻai: Mai ʻai a inu paha i kekahi mea mai ke aumoe o ka lā o ke ʻoki kino. ʻO kēia ke pale aku i nā pilikia e hiki mai ana i ka wā o ka anesthesia laulā.
  • Kekahi e hoʻokele iā ʻoe i ka home: ʻAʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻokele iā ʻoe iho ma hope o ke ʻoki ʻana, no laila he mea nui e hoʻonohonoho mua no kekahi e hoʻokele iā ʻoe i ka home.

He aha ka mea e hana ʻia i ka wā o ke ʻoki kino?

Hana ʻia kēia ʻoki kino ma lalo o ka anesthesia laulā, ʻo ia hoʻi, e hiamoe nui ʻoe. No laila, ʻaʻole ʻoe e ʻeha .

1. ʻO ka mea mua, e hoʻomoe ke kauka iā ʻoe.

2. A laila, hoʻopili ʻia kahi decongestant i ka ihu e wehe i ka mucus.

3. Hāʻawi ʻia kahi inikini e hoʻomānoʻonoʻo i ka ʻāpana a puni ka ihu.

4. A laila, hoʻokomo pono ʻia ka ʻōmole lahilahi (endoscope) me ke kāmela i hoʻopili ʻia i loko o ka ihu.

5. Hoʻokomo ʻia nā mea hana liʻiliʻi ma o ia mea e wehe i nā ʻiʻo keu, nā ʻāpana iwi, a i ʻole nā ​​polyp e ālai ana i nā sinuses.

Ma hope o ke ʻoki ʻana, hiki ke hoʻopiha ʻia ka ihu i kekahi manawa me kahi mea kūikawā (mea hoʻopili) e omo i ke koko a i ʻole nā ​​mea huna ʻē aʻe. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole pono kēia no kēlā me kēia ʻoki ʻana. ʻO ka maʻamau, ʻelua a ʻekolu hola ka lōʻihi o ke ʻoki ʻana.

He aha nā pōmaikaʻi a me nā pilikia o kēia ʻoki kino?

He hana palekana a holomua hoʻi ke ʻoki ʻana o ka FESS i hoʻohana ʻia ma ke ʻano he kūlana maʻamau no ka mālama ʻana i nā pilikia sinus ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa.

ʻO ka pōmaikaʻi nui o kēia ʻoki kino, ʻo ia ka wehe ʻana i nā lua sinus a hoʻihoʻi i ke kahe ʻana o ke ea a me ka hoʻokahe ʻana. ʻOi aku ka maʻalahi o ka hanu ʻana a hoʻomaikaʻi i kou ʻano ola. ʻOiai e mau ana kekahi mau hōʻailona, ​​​​ʻike ka hapa nui o ka poʻe i ka hōʻoluʻolu nui.

E like me nā ʻoki kino āpau, he liʻiliʻi loa nā pilikia, akā he kakaikahi loa kēia mau mea.

  • Ka nui o ke kahe ʻana o ke koko ihu.
  • ʻIke pālua a nalowale paha ka ʻike (kākaʻikahi loa).
  • Ka nui o nā waimaka mai nā maka mai.
  • Ka nalowale ʻana o ke ʻala.
  • Ka hoʻokahe ʻana o ka wai Cerebrospinal.

Wahi a kekahi noiʻi hou, ʻoiai ka pilikia i hōʻike pinepine ʻia, ʻo ke kahe koko nui, e loaʻa wale ana i kahi helu liʻiliʻi loa o nā hihia, ma kahi o 3 o 100 mau ʻoki kino . No laila, mai hopohopo pono ʻole e pili ana i kēia. Hiki iā ʻoe ke kamaʻilio me kāu kauka e pili ana i kēia a ʻike hou aku.

He aha kāu e hana ai ma hope o ke ʻoki kino?

Ma hope o ke ʻoki ʻana, e mālama ʻia ʻoe i loko o kahi lumi hoʻōla no kekahi manawa, kahi e nānā pono ʻia ai ʻoe. Ma mua o kou hoʻi ʻana i ka home, e wehewehe kāu kauka i ka mea e manaʻo ai i nā lā e hiki mai ana. No ka laʻana, he mea maʻamau ke loaʻa kekahi kahe koko, ka ihu paʻa, a me kekahi ʻoluʻolu ʻole no kekahi mau lā.

Eia nā mea e pono ai ʻoe e hahai i kou wā e hoʻōla hou ai:

  • Mai kohi i kou ihu no hoʻokahi pule ma ka liʻiliʻi .
  • E holoi i kou ihu a me nā sinuses me ka wai saline i ʻōlelo ʻia e kāu kauka.
  • I ka wā e kihe ana, e wehe i kou waha a honi . E hōʻemi kēia i ke kaomi ma kou ihu. I ka wā e kihe ana, hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i ke kahe koko a i ʻole ka mucous, he mea maʻamau ia.
  • E pale i ka hoʻoikaika kino a i ʻole ka hāpai ʻana i nā mea kaumaha a hiki i ka wā e ʻōlelo ʻē ai kāu kauka.
  • E lawe i nā lāʻau lapaʻau e like me ke kauoha (e.g., antibiotics).

ʻEhia ka lōʻihi e hoʻōla piha ai?

He mau mahina paha e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke manaʻo ua ho'ōla loa ʻia, akā hoʻōla ka hapa nui o ka poʻe i loko o hoʻokahi a ʻelua paha pule.Ua hiki iā lākou ke hoʻi i kā lākou hana maʻamau (e hele ana i ke kula, e hele ana i ka hana).

Leka Lawe-Home

  • He hana ʻoki kino holomua loa, palekana, a me ke ʻano hou ʻo FESS no nā pilikia sinus mau loa.
  • Ma kēia kaʻina hana, ʻaʻohe ʻoki ʻia ma waho o ka maka, akā hana ʻia ke ʻoki ʻana mai loko mai o ka ihu, no laila ʻaʻohe ʻeha i koe.
  • He mea nui loa ka hoʻōki ʻana i ka puhipaka a hahai i nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo a ke kauka ma mua o ke ʻoki ʻana.
  • E hahai pono i nā kuhikuhi, e like me ke pale ʻana i ke kohi ʻana i ka ihu i ka wā e hoʻōla ai ma hope o ke ʻoki ʻana.
  • Inā hoʻi mai kāu mau hōʻailona ma hope o ko lākou hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana, a inā he mau pilikia ʻē aʻe kāu, e ʻike koke i kāu kauka. E ʻoluʻolu e nīnau iā ia i kāu mau nīnau e pili ana i kēia ʻoki kino.

FESS, ʻoki kino sinus Endoscopic hana, ʻoki kino sinus, sinusitis, polyps ihu, paʻa ʻana o ka ihu, sinusitis, polyps ihu
⚠️ Important: The medical articles and information on Nirogi Lanka are for general awareness only, and are by no means a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. For any medical problem you have, consult a qualified physician immediately.

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