He aha ka glucose? Pehea kona pili ʻana i ka maʻi diabetes?

Ke kamaʻilio ʻoe e pili ana i ka maʻi diabetes, lohe pinepine paha ʻoe i nā huaʻōlelo 'Blood Sugar' a i ʻole 'Glucose', ʻeā? He mea nui loa ia e ʻike pono i ke ʻano o ka glucose, ke kumu ikehu no ko kākou kino mai nā meaʻai a kākou e ʻai ai, ʻoiai inā he maʻi diabetes kou a i ʻole he pilikia paha kou no ka maʻi diabetes. No laila, i kēia lā, e kamaʻilio maʻalahi kākou e pili ana i ia mea, mai A a Z.

He aha ka Glucose a me ka Insulin?

I ka ʻōlelo maʻalahi, he ʻano kō ka glucose . Loaʻa iā mākou mai nā meaʻai a mākou e ʻai ai, ʻoiai nā meaʻai kiʻekiʻe i nā kalapona. Hoʻohana ko mākou kino i kēia glucose e hāʻawi i ka ikehu i nā ʻāpana. Ke hele kēia glucose ma o ke koko, kapa mākou ia he "koko koko" a i ʻole 'koko koko'.

ʻĀnō, eia kahi e komo mai ai ke kuleana o ka insulin . ʻO ka insulin kahi hormone i hana ʻia i loko o kā mākou pancreas. E like me ke kī, ʻo kēia insulin ka mea e wehe ai i nā pūnaewele o ko mākou kino a kōkua i ka glucose i loko o ke koko e komo i loko o kēlā mau pūnaewele a hana i ka ikehu.

Inā ua ʻike ʻia ʻoe me ka maʻi Diabetes Mellitus, ʻo ia hoʻi, ua ʻoi aku ke kiʻekiʻe o kou pae glucose koko ma mua o ka maʻamau. Aia ʻelua mau kumu no kēia:

1. ʻAʻole lawa ka insulin i hana ʻia e kou kino e hoʻoneʻe i ka glucose i loko o ke koko i loko o nā pūnaewele.

2. A i ʻole, ʻoiai aia ka insulin, ʻaʻole pane pono nā ʻāpana o kou kino iā ia (Insulin Resistance).

Pehea e hoʻokomo ai ka glucose i loko o ko mākou kino?

He nui nā meaʻai a mākou e ʻai ai, ʻoiai nā mea momona i nā kalapona e like me ka berena, ka laiki, ka ʻuala, a me nā huaʻai, aia ka glucose. Ma hope o kā mākou ʻai ʻana, hele ka meaʻai i loko o ka ʻōpū a wāwahi ʻia i mau ʻāpana liʻiliʻi e nā enzymes a me nā waikawa. Hoʻokuʻu kēia kaʻina hana i ka glucose.

A laila, hele kēia glucose i nā ʻōpū a komo i loko o ke koko. ʻO ia ka manawa e komo mai ai ka hormone insulin a kōkua i ka hoʻouna ʻana i kēia glucose i loko o nā pūnaewele.

Ikehu a me ka mālama ʻana: He aha ka mea e hana ai i ka glucose i loko o ke kino?

Ua hoʻolālā ʻia ko kākou mau kino e mālama i kahi pae mau o ka glucose i loko o ke koko. Ke piʻi aʻe nā pae glucose koko ma hope o kā kākou ʻai ʻana, hana nā pūnaewele kūikawā (nā pūnaewele beta) i loko o ka pancreas i ka insulin. Wehe kēia insulin i ka puka no ka glucose e komo i loko o nā pūnaewele ʻiʻo, momona, a me ke akepaʻa.

ʻO ka wahie nui o ka lolo

ʻOiai ʻo ka hapa nui o nā pūnaewele i loko o ko mākou kino e hoʻohana i ka glucose, nā waikawa amino (nā poloka kūkulu o nā protein), a me ka momona no ka ikehu, ʻo ka glucose ka wahie nui o ko mākou lolo.He mea nui ka glucose no ka hana ʻana i ka ʻike no nā hunaola nerve a me nā ʻelele kemika i loko o ka lolo. Me ka ʻole o ka glucose, ʻaʻole hiki i ko kākou lolo ke hana pono.

Ke mālama nei i ka ikehu keu

Ma hope o ka hoʻohana ʻana o ke kino i ka ikehu e pono ai, mālama ʻia ke koena o ka glucose i loko o ke akepaʻa a me nā ʻiʻo ma ke ʻano he mau puʻupuʻu liʻiliʻi i kapa ʻia ʻo glycogen . Hiki i ko mākou kino ke mālama i ka ikehu e pono ai no hoʻokahi lā ma kēia ʻano.

E noʻonoʻo ʻoe ʻaʻole ʻoe i ʻai no kekahi mau hola. Hāʻule kou pae glucose koko. I kēlā manawa, hoʻōki ka pancreas i ka hana ʻana i ka insulin a hoʻomaka e hana i kahi hormone ʻē aʻe i kapa ʻia ʻo glucagon . Hōʻailona kēia glucagon i ke akepaʻa e hoʻololi i ka glycogen i mālama ʻia i glucose. A laila komo kēlā glucose i ke kahe koko, e hāʻawi ana i ke kino me ka ikehu a hiki i kou ʻai hou ʻana.

ʻO ke kō koko a me ka maʻi diabetes

He mea maʻamau ke piʻi ʻana o ke kō koko ma hope o ka ʻai ʻana a laila e emi hou i kekahi mau hola ma hope. Pono ka pae kō koko hoʻokē ʻai o ke kanaka olakino ma lalo o 100 mg/dL.

Akā inā loaʻa iā ʻoe ka maʻi diabetes, ʻaʻole hiki i kou kino ke hana pono i kēia.

ʻElua mau ʻano nui o ka maʻi diabetes:

• ʻO ka maʻi diabetes ʻAno 1: Ma kēia ʻano maʻi diabetes, hoʻopau hewa ka ʻōnaehana pale o ke kino i nā hunaola e hana ana i ka insulin i loko o ka pancreas, e hoʻopilikia ana i ke kino i ka hana ʻole ʻana o ka insulin lawa.
• ʻO ka maʻi diabetes ʻano 2: Ma kēia kūlana, ʻaʻole pane pono nā cell o ke kino i ka insulin. ʻO ka hopena, pono ka pancreas e hana i ka insulin hou aʻe e ʻae i ka glucose e komo i loko o nā cell. I ka hala ʻana o ka manawa, hiki i ka pancreas ke nāwaliwali a hiki ʻole ke hana i ka insulin lawa.

Ke lawa ʻole ka insulin, hōʻiliʻili ka glucose i loko o ke koko ma kahi o ke komo ʻana i loko o nā ʻāpana. ʻOi aku ka nui o ka glucose koko ma mua o 200 mg/dL 2 mau hola ma hope o ka ʻai ʻana a i ʻole ma mua o 125 mg/dL i ka wā e hoʻokē ʻai ai, ua kapa ʻia ʻo hyperglycemia .

Pehea e ana ai i nā pae kō koko?

ʻO nā ʻano hana ʻelua i maʻamau ʻia:

1. Hoʻāʻo ʻana me ka manamana lima: Lawe ʻia kahi koko liʻiliʻi mai ka piko o ka manamana lima me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka lancet, kau ʻia ma kahi ʻāpana hoʻāʻo, a ana ʻia me ka mika glucose. Hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i kou pae kō koko o kēia manawa i loko o kekahi mau kekona.

2. Ka Nānā ʻana i ke Koko Kūlohelohe (CGM): Hoʻokomo ʻia kahi sensor liʻiliʻi ma lalo o ka ʻili, ma ka lima a i ʻole ka ʻōpū. Ana mau ia i kou pae kō koko ma ka nānā ʻana i ke kahe ma waena o nā cell a hoʻouna i ka ʻikepili i kahi hāmeʻa e like me kahi polokalamu kelepona.

He aha ka hoʻāʻo A1c?

ʻO ka hoʻāʻo A1c (hoʻāʻo HbA1c) he hoʻāʻo koko ia e hōʻike ana i kou awelika o ke kō koko i nā mahina 2-3 i hala.

Ke komo ka glucose i loko o ke kahe koko, pili ia i ka hemoglobin, ka ʻāpana o nā hunaola koko ʻulaʻula e lawe ana i ka oxygen i loko o ke koko. Ana ka hoʻāʻo A1c i ka nui o ka hemoglobin i loko o kou koko i uhi ʻia me ke kō (glycated). ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe o ka glucose koko, ʻo ke kiʻekiʻe o kāu waiwai A1c.

He aha nā kumu o ke kō koko haʻahaʻa (hypoglycemia)?

ʻO ka hypoglycemia kahi kūlana e hāʻule ai nā pae kō koko ma lalo o 70 mg/dL. Hiki i kēia ke lilo koke i mea pilikia olakino. Aia kekahi mau kumu e hiki ai ke hana ʻia kēia .

• Ka inu ʻana i ka waiʻona ma ka ʻōpū ʻole.
• ʻO ka lawe ʻana i ka insulin a i ʻole nā ​​​​lāʻau maʻi diabetes ʻē aʻe ma mua o ka mea e pono ai.
• Ke hōʻalo nei i nā meaʻai.
• Hoʻoikaika kino ʻoi aku ma mua o ka maʻamau.
• Nā loli hormonal (e.g. menstruation o kēlā me kēia mahina).

He aha kāu e hana ai ke hāʻule kou pae kō?

Hiki iā ʻoe ke hahai i ke "lula 15-15" i ʻōlelo ʻia e ka American Diabetes Association:

1. E ʻai a inu paha i 15 grams o nā kalapona hana wikiwiki (e.g. 3 teaspoon o ke kō/glucose, 1 punetēpē o ka meli).

2. E kali i 15 mau minuke .

3. E nānā hou i kou kō koko. Inā ma lalo o 70 mg/dL, e lawe hou i 15 grams o nā kalapona.

4. E hana hou i kēia a hiki i ka hoʻi ʻana o ke kō i ka maʻamau.

He aha nā kumu o ke kō koko kiʻekiʻe (hyperglycemia)?

Ua kapa ʻia ʻo hyperglycemia ka pae kō koko ma luna o 180 mg/dL. Nui nā kumu no kēia.

• ʻAʻole lawa ka insulin a i ʻole nā ​​​​lāʻau lapaʻau ʻē aʻe.
• Ka nele i ka hana kino.
• He maʻi (e like me ke anu, ka maʻi palū) a i ʻole ka maʻi ʻaʻai.
• Kaumaha.
• ʻAi ʻana ma mua o ka mea i hoʻolālā ʻia.

Āhea ʻoe e hele ai i ka Emergency Treatment Unit (ETU)?

Inā he 300 mg/dL a ʻoi aku paha kou pae kō koko i ʻelua manawa i ka lālani , e kāhea koke aku i kāu kauka.

ʻO ka hyperglycemia i mālama ʻole ʻia e alakaʻi i ka ketoacidosis e hoʻoweliweli i ke ola, a i ʻole ka diabetic coma. E hele koke i ka ʻoihana pilikia o ka haukapila (ETU) inā loaʻa iā ʻoe kekahi o kēia mau hōʻailona:

• He ʻala hua ma ka hanu.
• Ka luaʻi a me ka luaʻi.
• Ka maloʻo nui o ka waha.
• Paʻakikī ka hanu ʻana.

He mea nui loa ia e mālama i kou pae kō koko i loko o ka pae kūpono. E hahai i nā ʻōlelo a kāu kauka. E nānā mau i kou pae kō koko. Me ka hoʻoikaika kino, ka ʻai kaulike, a me nā lāʻau lapaʻau i kuhikuhi ʻia, hiki iā ʻoe ke ola i kahi ola olakino.