ʻO ka mana huna o ka pūʻali koa pale o ko mākou kino: Nā mea āpau e pili ana i nā cell T Helper

Ua manaʻo paha ʻoe aia kekahi kaua nui e hana nei i loko o ko kākou kino? ʻAe, aia nō kekahi kaua nui e hana nei i loko o ko kākou kino i kēlā me kēia kekona. Ke kaua mau nei ko kākou pūʻali koa pale ponoʻī i nā ʻenemi e like me nā germs, bacteria, a me nā virus e hele mai ana mai waho. Kāhea mākou i kēia pūʻali koa pale ʻo ka Immune System . No laila, aia kahi hui kūikawā o nā luna akamai i loko o kēia pūʻali koa. ʻO lākou ka poʻe e ʻike mua i ka ʻenemi a hāʻawi i nā kauoha i nā koa ʻē aʻe e pili ana i ke ʻano o ka hoʻouka kaua e hana ai. ʻO kēlā mau luna akamai ka mea a mākou e kapa nei he "Helper T cells." I kēia lā ke kamaʻilio nei mākou e pili ana i kēia mau koa liʻiliʻi, akā koʻikoʻi loa.

I ka ʻōlelo maʻalahi, he aha kēia mau pūnaewele T kōkua?

ʻO nā pūnaewele T kōkua kahi ʻano nui o nā pūnaewele i loko o kā mākou ʻōnaehana pale. I ka pololei, he ʻano lākou o nā pūnaewele koko keʻokeʻo. ʻO kā lākou hana nui ka ʻike ʻana i kahi maʻi i loko o ke kino a hoʻoulu i nā pūnaewele pale ʻē aʻe e hakakā iā ia. Ua like lākou me nā luna koa e mālama ana i ka hana holoʻokoʻa.

Hoʻopuka ʻia a hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia kēia mau pūnaewele T i loko o kahi gland liʻiliʻi ma ka ʻaoʻao o luna o ko kākou umauma, ma hope o ka iwi umauma. Ua kapa ʻia ʻo ia ʻo ka thymus . Ua like kēia thymus me ke kula hoʻomaʻamaʻa kahi e hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia ai nā koa. Hoʻopuka kēia kula hoʻomaʻamaʻa i kekahi mau ʻano pūnaewele T, kēlā me kēia me ko lākou mau hiki kūikawā.

E nānā kākou i kēlā mau hui:

He aha kā lākou kuleana i loko o ka ʻōnaehana pale maʻi?

ʻElua ʻāpana o ko kākou ʻōnaehana pale kino. ʻO kekahi he pale kūlohelohe, kahi i hānau ʻia ai kākou me ia. ʻO kekahi he pale adaptive, kahi a kākou e hoʻomohala ai i ko kākou maʻi ʻana a loaʻa ka lāʻau lapaʻau. He akamai loa kēia pale adaptive. Hiki iā ia ke hoʻomanaʻo i kahi ʻenemi i hele mai ma mua a luku koke iā ia inā e hele hou mai kēlā ʻenemi.

No laila, ʻo ka lolo o kēia ʻōnaehana pale akamai adaptive ko mākou mau protagonists, nā cell T kōkua. Inā ʻaʻole lākou, ʻaʻole hiki kēia hana. Hoʻāla nui lākou i ʻelua mau pūʻali koa:

1. Nā pūnaewele B: ʻO kēia nā hale hana mea kaua o ko mākou kino. Ke loaʻa iā lākou nā kauoha mai nā pūnaewele T kōkua, hana nā pūnaewele B i kahi ʻano protein kūikawā. Ua kapa ʻia kēia mau mea he antibodies . Ua like kēia mau antibodies me nā missiles e hele pololei ana i ka pahuhopu. Hana lākou i kahi antibody kūikawā i kūpono no kēlā me kēia germ. Hele kēlā mau antibodies a hoʻopili i nā germs, e hoʻopau ana iā lākou.

2. Nā pūnaewele T Cytotoxic: ʻO kēia nā pūʻali koa kūikawā . Ke loaʻa iā lākou nā kauoha mai nā pūnaewele T kōkua, hele pololei lākou i ke kahua kaua. Hele lākou a ʻimi i nā pūnaewele i loko o ko mākou kino ponoʻī i hoʻopilikia ʻia e nā germs e like me nā virus, a luku i kēlā mau pūnaewele. A laila, ʻaʻole hiki i ka virus ke laha hou.

Aia kekahi mau ʻano like ʻole o nā pūnaewele T kōkua?

ʻAe, aia nō. Ma muli o ke ʻano o ka ʻenemi, ua hoʻomaʻamaʻa hou ʻia kēia mau pūnaewele T kōkua a ua māhele ʻia i ʻelua mau hui liʻiliʻi. ʻO TH1 lāua ʻo TH2 kēia.

• Nā pūnaewele kōkua TH1: Ke kaua kūikawā nei kēia mau pūnaewele i nā mea hoʻouka kaua e like me nā bacteria a me nā virus e peʻe ana i loko o kā mākou mau pūnaewele. Hoʻouna lākou i kahi leka a hoʻāla i kahi ʻano pūnaewele ʻē aʻe i kapa ʻia he macrophage . ʻO nā Macrophages nā mea hōʻiliʻili ʻōpala o ke kino.E like me. Hele lākou a ʻai i nā germs a me nā ʻāpana cell make, e hoʻomaʻemaʻe ana i ke kahua kaua. A hoʻāla pū lākou i nā cell TH1, kēlā mau pūʻali koa kūikawā a mākou i kamaʻilio ai ma mua, nā cell T cytotoxic.

• Nā pūnaewele kōkua TH2: Ke nānā nei kēia mau pūnaewele i nā ʻenemi nui e like me nā parasites ma waho o nā pūnaewele a me nā mea e hoʻoulu ai i nā maʻi allergies. ʻO lākou ka poʻe e hoʻoulu i nā pūnaewele B a hana i nā antibodies e pili ana i nā maʻi allergies. Ke loaʻa iā ʻoe ka lepo, ke kihe ʻoe, ke ʻai ʻoe i ka meaʻai, loaʻa iā ʻoe ka maʻi diarrhea, ke kunu ʻoe... ʻO kēia mau pūnaewele TH2 ke kumu o nā mea e like me kēia. Hoʻāʻo lākou e hoʻopau i nā mea ʻino i komo i loko o ke kino i ka wikiwiki.

Pehea e hana ai kēia mau pūnaewele? He ʻano hana kupaianaha maoli!

He moʻolelo hoihoi loa kēia. ʻAʻole hoʻāla wale kahi cell T kōkua. Pono ia e loaʻa i kahi hōʻailona kūikawā.

E noʻonoʻo e komo ana kahi bacteria i loko o ko kākou kino. Loaʻa i kā kākou ʻōnaehana pale maʻi nā pūnaewele e kiaʻi ana i ke kino. Hopu kēia pūnaewele i ka bacteria a hōʻike i kahi ʻāpana liʻiliʻi ma luna o kona ʻili. Ua like ia me ka mākaʻi e hopu ana i kahi ʻaihue a hōʻike i ke kiʻi ona. ʻO ka molekala e hōʻike ana i kēia ua kapa ʻia ʻo ka molekala MHC papa II .

I kēia manawa, hele mai kā mākou kelepona T kōkua a nānā i kēia. Aia kahi mea loaʻa kūikawā ma ka ʻili o ke kelepona T kōkua, i kapa ʻia ʻo ka mea loaʻa CD4 . Ua like kēia mea loaʻa CD4 me ke kī, pono ia e kūpono i loko o ka laka i kapa ʻia ʻo ka molekala MHC papa II.

I ka wā e komo ai ke kī i ka laka, e "hoʻāla ʻia" ke kelepona kōkua T. ʻO ia hoʻi, ua maopopo iā ia, "ʻAe, i kēia manawa aia kahi ʻenemi i loko o ke kino, pono wau e hana i kaʻu hana."

A laila, hoʻokuʻu kēia pūnaewele T kōkua i hoʻāla ʻia i nā ʻelele kemika i kapa ʻia ʻo cytokines . Hele kēia mau cytokines a haʻi aku i nā pūnaewele pale ʻē aʻe (e like me nā pūnaewele B, nā pūnaewele T cytotoxic, nā macrophages) e hele mai e hakakā, "E hele koke mai, aia kahi hakakā ma ʻaneʻi!" Hoʻonohonoho ʻia ka ʻōnaehana pale holoʻokoʻa e kēia mau leka cytokine.

Aia ma hea kēia mau pūnaewele T kōkua i loko o ko kākou kino?

Hānau ʻia nā pūnaewele T i loko o ka iwi iwi i loko o ko kākou mau iwi. Akā, aia lākou e like me nā pēpē. Ua aʻo ʻia lākou a ua hana ʻia i mau koa maikaʻi ma ke kula hoʻomaʻamaʻa i kapa ʻia ʻo ka thymus gland a mākou i kamaʻilio ai ma mua. Ma kēia kula hoʻomaʻamaʻa e aʻo ʻia ai lākou e hoʻokaʻawale ma waena o "ʻo kēia ko kākou pūnaewele ponoʻī, he ʻenemi kēia mai waho mai." He mea nui loa kēia. A i ʻole, hiki iā lākou ke hoʻouka i kā kākou mau pūnaewele ponoʻī.

Ke hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia, hoʻolaha ʻia kēia mau koa akamai ma ke kino holoʻokoʻa, ʻoi aku hoʻi ma nā wahi e komo nui ai nā ʻenemi. No laila, ʻo nā wahi maʻamau kahi i loaʻa ai nā pūnaewele T kōkua:

• Nā kikowaena Lymph - e like me nā kahua koa.
• ʻŌpū
• ʻO nā tonsils - ʻO ka mea mua e hoʻoponopono i nā germs e komo i ka puʻu.
• Nā māmā - i nā huakini e komo ma o ka hanu ʻana.
• ʻōpū - i nā huakini e komo pū me ka meaʻai.
• ʻIwi iwi

He aha nā maʻi e hoʻopilikia ai i nā pūnaewele T kōkua?

Inā e hoʻopilikia ʻia ka hana o nā pūnaewele T kōkua, ka mea e hana ana i ia hana koʻikoʻi, hiki i kā mākou ʻōnaehana pale holoʻokoʻa ke hiolo. ʻO kēia ka mea e hana ʻia i kekahi mau maʻi.

• HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus): Ua lohe paha ʻoe i ka HIV. Hoʻouka pololei kēia maʻi i kā mākou mau cell T kōkua. ʻO ia hoʻi, luku ia i nā luna o kā mākou pūʻali koa. Ke hala nā luna, ʻaʻohe mea nāna e kauoha i ka pūʻali koa. ʻO ka hopena, ua nāwaliwali loa ka ʻōnaehana pale, a ʻo nā germs ʻaʻole maʻamau e hōʻeha nui iā mākou e hoʻomaka e hoʻoulu i nā maʻi koʻikoʻi. ʻO AIDS ka pae hope loa.
• Nā maʻi Autoimmune: I kekahi manawa, hele hewa kā mākou ʻōnaehana pale a hoʻomaka e hoʻouka i kā mākou mau cell olakino ponoʻī, me ka manaʻo he ʻenemi lākou. I loko o ia mau maʻi, aia kekahi mau pilikia me ka hana ʻana o nā cell T.
• Nā maʻi kanesa: ʻO kekahi mau ʻano maʻi kanesa, e like me ka leukemia lymphocytic acute a me ka lymphoma Hodgkin makua, e hoʻopilikia pololei i kēia mau pūnaewele pale.
• Nā maʻi hoʻoilina laha ʻole: Ua pilikia pū ka hana o nā pūnaewele T i nā kūlana e like me ka Job syndrome a me ka Thymic aplasia (ka hāʻule ʻana o ka thymus gland).

Inā he kānalua kou e pili ana i kekahi o kēia mau kūlana, he mea nui loa e ʻike koke i kāu kauka no ka ʻōlelo aʻo.

He aha kā mākou e hana ai e mālama i ke olakino o ka ʻōnaehana pale?

Na kākou ponoʻī ke kuleana e hoʻoikaika i ko kākou mau pūʻali palekana. ʻAʻole ia e koi i nā hoʻololi nui. Pono wale nō ia i kekahi mau hoʻololi maʻalahi o ke ʻano o ka nohona.

• ʻAi Maikaʻi: Pono mākou e hāʻawi i kā mākou mau koa i ka meaʻai e pono ai. E ʻai i kahi ʻai kaulike e komo pū ana me nā huaʻai hou, nā mea kanu, nā greens, nā protein lean (e like me ka iʻa, nā hua manu, a me nā pīni), a me nā momona maikaʻi . E hōʻemi i nā mea inu kō, nā meaʻai hana, a me nā meaʻai momona i ka hiki.
• E hiamoe lawa: ʻO ka hiamoe ka manawa e hoʻoponopono ai ko kākou kino iā lākou iho a hoʻouka hou i ko kākou mau hunaola pale. He mea nui e loaʻa ma ka liʻiliʻi he 7-8 mau hola o ka hiamoe maikaʻi a me ka hoʻomau ʻole i ka pō .
• Hoʻoikaika Kino: ʻO ka hoʻoikaika kino i kēlā me kēia lā a hiki i ka wā e hou ai ka hou e kōkua i ka hoʻoneʻe ʻana i nā hunaola pale ma ke kino holoʻokoʻa. E hoʻāʻo e hele wāwae, holo, a paikikala paha no 30 mau minuke i ka lā.
• E hōʻemi i ke kaumaha: Hoʻonāwaliwali ke kaumaha nui i kā mākou ʻōnaehana pale. E hoʻomaha i kou noʻonoʻo ma ka hana ʻana i nā mea e like me ka noʻonoʻo ʻana, yoga, hoʻolohe mele, a i ʻole ke komo ʻana i kahi hana leʻaleʻa āu e makemake ai.
• E hōʻalo i ka puhipaka a me ka waiʻona:He mau ʻenemi kēia mau mea ʻelua o ko kākou ʻōnaehana pale kino. Inā ʻoe e puhipaka, e hoʻōki. E hōʻemi i kāu inu ʻona i ka hiki.
• Ka maʻemaʻe: ʻO ka holoi pinepine ʻana i kou mau lima me ke kopa e hiki ke pale aku i nā germs mai ke komo ʻana o ke kino mai waho.