Ke lohe kākou i ka huaʻōlelo "maʻi kanesa," hoʻohoka iki kākou a pau. He huaʻōlelo koʻikoʻi loa ia. Akā, ua holomua nui ka ʻepekema lapaʻau ma mua o ka wā ma mua. Ke ʻike ʻia nei nā lāʻau lapaʻau hou i kēlā me kēia lā e ho'ōla a kāohi i ka maʻi kanesa. I kēia lā, ke kamaʻilio nei mākou e pili ana i kahi lāʻau lapaʻau i hoʻololi i ke ao o ka mālama ʻana i ka maʻi kanesa a lawe mai i ka manaʻolana hou i nā poʻe he nui. ʻO ia ka immunotherapy.
No laila, e ʻōlelo maʻalahi, he aha ka immunotherapy?
E noʻonoʻo ʻoe ua like ko kākou kino me kahi ʻāina. Aia kahi pūʻali koa ikaika a mākaukau loa e pale i kēia ʻāina. Kāhea mākou i kēia pūʻali koa ʻo ka ʻōnaehana pale . Hoʻomalu nā koa o kēia pūʻali koa (ʻo ia hoʻi, nā pūnaewele pale) i ko kākou kino i ka lā a pau. ʻO kā lākou hana ka ʻimi a luku i nā ʻenemi mai waho (e like me nā virus a me nā bacteria) a me nā kumakaia mai loko mai (e like me nā pūnaewele maʻi ʻaʻai).
ʻO ka maʻamau, ua akamai loa kēia pūʻali koa i ka ʻike ʻana a me ka luku ʻana i nā hunaola kanesa. Akā i kekahi manawa, maalea loa kēia mau hunaola kanesa. Hoʻopunipuni lākou iā lākou iho a peʻe mai kā mākou mau koa. A i ʻole, hoʻouna lākou i nā hōʻailona e hoʻōki i kā mākou mau koa mai ka hana ʻana.
ʻO ia kahi e komo mai ai ka immunotherapy. I ka ʻōlelo maʻalahi, ʻo ka immunotherapy ke kaʻina hana o ka hāʻawi ʻana i ka ʻōnaehana pale o ko mākou kino ponoʻī (pūʻali koa) i ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa kūikawā a me ka mana keu e kōkua iā ia e ʻimi a luku i nā hunaola kanesa.
Pehea e hana ai kēia lāʻau lapaʻau?
Kōkua ka Immunotherapy i kā mākou ʻōnaehana pale ma nā ʻano nui ʻelua:
1. Ke hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana i ka ʻōnaehana pale: Ke aʻo aku nei mākou i kā mākou mau hunaola pale e ʻike pololei i nā hunaola kanesa. ʻO ia hoʻi, wehe lākou i nā peʻe maka ma luna o nā hunaola kanesa a hōʻike iā lākou i ka pūʻali koa, me ka ʻōlelo ʻana, "Eia ka ʻenemi."
2. Hoʻonui i ka hana ʻana o nā pūnaewele pepehi maʻi kanesa: Kōkua ia i ke kino e hana i kahi nui o nā pūnaewele pale (nā koa) e hakakā ana i ka maʻi kanesa. A laila ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o ka lanakila ʻana o kahi pūʻali koa nui i ke kaua ma mua o kahi pūʻali koa liʻiliʻi.
Hoʻohana ʻia kēia lāʻau lapaʻau i kēia manawa ma ke ʻano he lāʻau lapaʻau mua no nā ʻano maʻi kanesa he nui, ʻoi aku hoʻi no nā maʻi kanesa i laha i nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe o ke kino (metastatic). I kekahi manawa hāʻawi ʻia ia me ka hui pū ʻana me nā lāʻau lapaʻau ʻē aʻe, e like me ka chemotherapy.
He aha nā ʻano nui o ka immunotherapy?
Aia nā ʻano immunotherapy like ʻole, e hoʻohana ana kēlā me kēia i nā ʻāpana like ʻole o kā mākou ʻōnaehana pale e hoʻouka i ka maʻi kanesa.
1. Nā mea pale i ka nānā ʻana
He mea ikaika loa ko kākou ʻōnaehana pale kino. Inā hele nui ia, hiki iā ia ke hōʻino i ko kākou mau hunaola olakino. ʻO ia ke kumu i loaʻa ai i ko kākou kino kahi ʻōnaehana o nā "checkpoints" a i ʻole nā ʻōnaehana "brake". Ke kokoke kahi hunaola pale kino (e.g., he hunaola T) e hoʻouka i kahi hunaola maʻi kanesa, hehi ka hunaola maalea o ke kanesa ma luna o kēia "brake" a hoʻopau i ka hunaola pale kino.
ʻO ka hana a kahi lāʻau i kapa ʻia ʻo Checkpoint Inhibitor , ʻo ia ke hoʻokuʻu i ka "brake" a ke kelepona kanesa i hehi ai. A laila hiki i kā mākou mau kelepona pale ke hoʻi i ka hana. ʻO ia hoʻi, hiki iā lākou ke hoʻomau i ka luku ʻana i nā kelepona kanesa.
Hoʻohana ʻia kēia ʻano lapaʻau no nā hihia maʻi kanesa holomua loa.
| Nā ʻano o nā maʻi kanesa i hoʻohana nui ʻia no nā mea pale i ka Checkpoint | |
|---|---|
| Ka maʻi ʻōpū | Ka maʻi ʻaʻai puʻupaʻa |
| Ka maʻi ʻaʻai o ka ʻōpū | Ka maʻi ʻili (Melanoma) |
| Ka maʻi ʻaʻai ʻōpū | Ka maʻi ʻaʻai māmā (Ka maʻi ʻaʻai māmā ʻaʻole liʻiliʻi) |
| Ka maʻi ʻaʻai poʻo a me ka ʻāʻī | Ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma (Ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma Triple-negative) |
2. Ka Lapaʻau Kelepona Hoʻohānau
Ua like kēia me ka lawe ʻana i kā mākou mau koa mai loko mai o ka pūʻali koa, e hoʻouna ana iā lākou i kahi kahua hoʻomaʻamaʻa kūikawā, e hāʻawi ana iā lākou i nā mana nui, a e hoʻihoʻi ana iā lākou i ke kaua. Maanei, lawe nā kauka i kekahi o kāu mau pūnaewele pale kino ponoʻī (nā pūnaewele T) mai kou kino a hoʻoulu iā lākou i loko o kahi keʻena hoʻokolohua.
- ʻO ka lāʻau lapaʻau CAR T-cell: Maanei, ua hoʻololi ʻia nā T-cell i loko o ka lab e loaʻa nā "maka" kūikawā (nā mea loaʻa) e hiki ke ʻike i nā cell kanesa. A laila hana ʻia kēia mau T-cell mana nui i nā helu he nui a hoʻokomo hou ʻia i loko o ke kino. Hele pololei kēia mau mea i nā cell kanesa a luku.
- ʻO ka lāʻau lapaʻau no nā lymphocytes tumor-infiltrating (TIL):Ma ka lawe ʻana i kekahi o nā pūnaewele pale maʻi (TIL) i loko a i ʻole a puni kahi puʻupuʻu, e hoʻonui iā lākou i nā helu he nui i loko o ka lab, a laila e hoʻihoʻi iā lākou i ke kino, hiki i kēlā mau pūnaewele ke hakakā me ka holomua i ke kanesa.
3. Nā lāʻau pale monoclonal
ʻO nā antibodies kekahi ʻāpana koʻikoʻi o kā mākou ʻōnaehana pale. Hoʻopili lākou i nā cell haole a hōʻailona iā lākou me he "eia ka ʻenemi" no nā cell pale ʻē aʻe e ʻike. ʻO nā antibodies monoclonal nā antibodies artificial i hana ʻia i loko o kahi lab e kuhikuhi pono ana i nā cell cancer. Ua like lākou me nā missiles i alakaʻi ʻia e GPS. Hiki iā lākou ke:
- E ālai i nā protein e pono ai no ka ulu ʻana o nā hunaola maʻi kanesa.
- Hoʻopili lākou i nā hunaola kanesa a hōʻailona i ka ʻōnaehana pale e luku iā lākou.
- E hoʻouna pololei i nā mea ʻawahia a i ʻole nā mea radioactive i nā hunaola kanesa (Hoʻouna i hoʻolālā ʻia).
4. Nā lāʻau pale maʻi kanesa
ʻAʻole like kēia me nā lāʻau pale maʻamau a mākou e loaʻa ai e pale aku i nā maʻi viral. Hāʻawi ʻia kēia mau lāʻau pale ma hope o ka ulu ʻana o ke kanesa. ʻO ka hana a kēia lāʻau pale, ʻo ia ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻāpana o nā hunaola kanesa e hoʻomaʻamaʻa i kā mākou ʻōnaehana pale e ʻike i ke kanesa.
5. Nā Modulators ʻōnaehana pale
ʻO kēia nā lāʻau lapaʻau e hoʻoikaika nui i ka hana o kā mākou ʻōnaehana pale. No ka laʻana, ua hana ʻia nā protein e like me 'Cytokines', 'Interferons' a me 'Interleukins' a hāʻawi ʻia ma ke ʻano he lāʻau lapaʻau. No kēia hui pū nā lāʻau lapaʻau e like me 'Thalidomide' a me 'Lenalidomide'.
Aia kekahi mau hopena ʻaoʻao i kēia lāʻau lapaʻau?
ʻAe. ʻAe loa. E like me nā lāʻau lapaʻau maʻi kanesa, loaʻa nā hopena ʻaoʻao o ka immunotherapy. ʻO ka mea e hana ʻia ma ʻaneʻi, ʻo kā mākou ʻōnaehana pale, ka mea i lilo i overactive, i kekahi manawa kuhihewa i nā cell kanesa no kā mākou mau cell olakino ponoʻī a hoʻouka pū iā lākou. Ua kapa ʻia kēia ʻo 'nā hopena maikaʻi ʻole e pili ana i ka pale ʻana (irAE)'.
Ua like kēia me ke hele ʻana e hoʻouka i ka ʻenemi a pana hewa i kou poʻe ponoʻī.
ʻO nā hopena ʻaoʻao maʻamau:
- Manaʻo luhi loa (Fatigue)
- ʻŌhūhū ʻāʻī
- Ka maʻi pākī
- Ka luaʻi a me ka luaʻi
- Nā pilikia hormonal, e like me ka haʻahaʻa o ka hormone thyroid.
He ʻoluʻolu pinepine kēia mau hopena ʻaoʻao, akā hiki ke koʻikoʻi i kekahi manawa. No laila, he mea nui e hoʻomaopopo koke i kāu kauka inā loaʻa iā ʻoe kekahi mau hōʻailona ʻē.
Nā nīnau koʻikoʻi e nīnau aku i kāu kauka
Inā ʻōlelo ʻia ʻoe a i ʻole kekahi o kou ʻohana e hana i ka immunotherapy, he mea nui e maopopo i kāu mea e komo nei. Mai makaʻu e nīnau i kāu kauka i kāu mau nīnau. Eia kekahi mau laʻana:
- He aha ke ʻano o ka immunotherapy i ʻōlelo ʻia noʻu?
- E hāʻawi ʻia anei iaʻu nā lāʻau ʻē aʻe (e like me ka chemotherapy) me kēia lāʻau?
- Pehea e loaʻa ai iaʻu kēia lāʻau lapaʻau? Pehea ka lōʻihi? Pehea ka pinepine e pono ai iaʻu e lawe?
- He aha nā hopena ʻaoʻao pōkole a me ka wā lōʻihi o kēia? Pehea e hiki ai ke mālama ʻia?
- He aha nā hopena ʻaoʻao e pono iaʻu e hoʻomaopopo koke iā ʻoe inā loaʻa lākou?
- Pehea e pili ai kēia lāʻau lapaʻau i koʻu ola o kēlā me kēia lā? E hiki anei iaʻu ke hele i ka hana a hoʻoikaika kino?
- Pehea mākou e ʻike ai inā ua holomua kēia lāʻau lapaʻau?
Leka Lawe-Home
- He ʻano holomua loa a holomua ka Immunotherapy e hoʻohana ana i ka ʻōnaehana pale o ko mākou kino ponoʻī e hakakā i ka maʻi kanesa.
- Hoʻomaʻamaʻa kēia i ka ʻōnaehana pale e ʻike i nā hunaola kanesa a hoʻomohala i nā hunaola pepehi kanesa.
- Aia nā ʻano lapaʻau immunotherapy like ʻole, e like me nā mea hoʻopaʻa checkpoint a me ka CAR T-cell therapy. Na kāu kauka e hoʻoholo i ka lāʻau kūpono loa e pili ana i ke ʻano a me ke kahua o kou maʻi kanesa.
- E like me nā lāʻau lapaʻau āpau, aia nā hopena ʻaoʻao, no laila he mea nui e hoʻomaopopo i kāu kauka i kekahi mau hōʻailona ʻē.
- ʻOiai ʻaʻole like ka maikaʻi o ka immunotherapy no kēlā me kēia maʻi kanesa a i ʻole kēlā me kēia maʻi, he ʻike hou ia i hāpai i nā manaʻolana nui ma ke kahua o ka mālama ʻana i ka maʻi kanesa.
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