He aha ka microscope? E kamaʻilio kākou e pili ana i ia mea no kekahi manawa?

Ua noʻonoʻo paha ʻoe i kahi mea kupaianaha e hiki ke ʻike i nā mea liʻiliʻi loa a ko kākou mau maka e ʻike ʻole ai? ʻO ia ka inoa o kēia microscope. Ua like ia me ke aniani hoʻonui ikaika loa. He mea nui kēia no kā kākou mau kauka a i ʻole nā ​​kānaka ʻepekema. E kamaʻilio kākou e pili ana i kēia mea kupaianaha i kēia lā.

He aha ka microscope, i ka ʻōlelo maʻalahi?

I ka ʻōlelo maʻalahi, he mea hana ka microscope e kōkua iā mākou e ʻike i nā mea liʻiliʻi loa, nā mea liʻiliʻi loa no ko mākou mau maka e ʻike, nui loa a maopopo. E noʻonoʻo ʻoe he aniani hoʻonui mana loa kāu. Pēlā kēia. Akā hiki iā ia ke hoʻonui i nā mea i nā tausani manawa, malia paha he mau haneli tausani manawa, a ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi.

ʻOiai ke keena liʻiliʻi loa i loko o ko kākou kino (ke kumu kūkulu o ko kākou kino) a i ʻole kahi meaola liʻiliʻi i loko o kahi kulu wai hiki ke ʻike nani ʻia me kēia. No laila, he hoaaloha pono ʻole ka microscope e aʻo ai e pili ana i nā mea liʻiliʻi loa o kēia ao he mea pohihihi i ko kākou mau maka a e ʻike i kā lākou mau mea huna. Me ka holomua o ka ʻepekema, ua hoʻomaikaʻi nui ʻia kēia mea hana.

No ke aha he mea nui ka microscope i ka lāʻau lapaʻau?

I kēia manawa ke noʻonoʻo nei paha ʻoe, "ʻAe, hoʻonui ia i nā mea liʻiliʻi. No laila he aha ka pono o ia mea no nā kauka?" ʻOiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻole wale ka microscope he mea hana. Ua like ia me ka maka ʻekolu o ke kauka . ʻIke ʻoe i ke aha? Hana ʻia ko mākou kino, a maʻi pinepine mākou ma muli o nā mea liʻiliʻi i ʻike ʻole ʻia e ko mākou mau maka.

E noʻonoʻo, ua like ko kākou kino me kahi hale nui i hana ʻia me nā miliona o nā piliki liʻiliʻi. ʻO kēia mau piliki liʻiliʻi ka mea a kākou e kapa nei he mau pūnaewele . Inā olakino kēia mau pūnaewele, olakino kākou. Akā inā he loli i loko o kēia mau pūnaewele, inā loaʻa iā lākou kekahi maʻi, a laila ʻo ia ka manawa e loaʻa ai iā kākou ka maʻi. No laila, no ka ʻike ʻana i nā loli i loko o kēia mau pūnaewele a me nā hōʻailona o nā maʻi, he mea pono loa ka microscope.

ʻAʻole wale ia, hoʻohana pū mākou ia mea e ʻike i nā meaola liʻiliʻi e like me ka bacteria , nā virus (hiki ke ʻike ʻia kekahi mau virus nui me kēia mau mea, akā ʻo ka hapa nui o nā virus e pono ai nā microscope electron), a me nā fungi . Hiki iā mākou ke ʻike pololei i ka pōʻino a lākou e hana ai i ko mākou kino. ʻO ia ke kumu he mea kōkua nui ia i ka hana ʻana i kahi hōʻailona pololei.

He aha nā maʻi e hiki ke ʻike ʻia me ka microscope?

Me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka microscope, hiki iā mākou ke ʻike i ka ʻike e pili ana i nā maʻi he nui. E nānā kākou i nā mea nui.

Ke hoʻāʻo ʻana i nā hāpana koko

Ua loaʻa anei iā ʻoe kahi hoʻāʻo koko? ʻO ka hapa pinepine, ua nānā ʻia kahi ʻāpana o ka hāpana koko ma lalo o kahi microscope. Ua kapa ʻia kēia he hoʻāʻo kiʻiʻoniʻoni koko peripheral .

• Nā Kelepona Koko ʻUlaʻula:ʻO kēia nā pūnaewele e lawe ana i ka oxygen ma o ko kākou kino. Hiki iā ʻoe ke nānā i ka anemia ma ka nānā ʻana i ko lākou nui, ke ʻano, a me ke kala. Hiki i kekahi mau maʻi genetic, e like me ka thalassemia, ke hana i nā loli kikoʻī i nā hunaola koko ʻulaʻula.
• Nā Kelepona Koko Keʻokeʻo: Ua like kēia me nā koa i loko o ko mākou kino. Ke kaua nei lākou i nā maʻi. Inā loli ka helu a me ke ʻano o kēia mau mea (e.g. Neutrophils, Lymphocytes), hiki iā ia ke hāʻawi i kahi kuhi e pili ana i nā maʻi ( nā maʻi bacteria, viral) a malia paha he mau maʻi ʻaʻai koko e like me ka leukemia .
• Nā Platelets: Nā ʻāpana liʻiliʻi o nā cell e kōkua i ke kāpili ʻana o ke koko. Inā haʻahaʻa kēia mau mea, hiki ke kahe ke koko. He mea nui loa kēia mau mea i nā maʻi e like me ka dengue .
• I kekahi manawa hiki ke loaʻa nā parasites i loko o ke koko, no ka laʻana ka parasite Plasmodium e hoʻoulu ai i ka malaria , a i ʻole nā ​​​​ilo e hoʻoulu ai i ka filariasis, ma lalo o kahi microscope.

Hoʻāʻo ʻana i nā Laʻana ʻiʻo (Biopsy)

Ua lohe paha ʻoe i ka huaʻōlelo 'biopsy'? ʻO ia hoʻi, ke kānalua ʻia kahi maʻi ma kekahi wahi o ko kākou kino (e like me ka ʻili, ka puʻupuʻu, ka ʻōpū o loko), lawe ʻia kahi ʻāpana liʻiliʻi o ka ʻiʻo mai ia wahi a nānā ʻia ma lalo o kahi microscope. He mea nui loa kēia no ka ʻike ʻana i ke kanesa .

ʻO nā ʻāpana kanesa he mau ʻāpana e hana ʻokoʻa ana a ʻokoʻa ke ʻano mai nā ʻāpana olakino. No laila, ma ka nānā ʻana i kēia mau ʻāpana ma lalo o kahi microscope, hiki iā mākou ke ʻike i ka nui o ka ʻike koʻikoʻi, e like me ke kanesa a i ʻole kekahi pilikia ʻē aʻe (e.g., kahi maʻi, pehu), a inā he kanesa, he aha ke ʻano, pehea ke koʻikoʻi, a pehea ka mamao o kona laha ʻana. Kāhea mākou i nā loea e hana nei i kēia mau hoʻokolohua he mau pathologists . ʻO lākou ka poʻe e hoʻomaopopo i nā mea huna o kēia ao microscopic a haʻi mai iā mākou e pili ana i ka maʻi. No ka laʻana, ma ka hoʻāʻo Pap smear, i hana ʻia e ʻike i ke kanesa cervical i nā wahine, ua nānā ʻia nā ʻāpana ma lalo o kahi microscope.

Ke ʻike ʻana i nā germs e hoʻoulu ai i ka maʻi

Ma ka nānā ʻana i nā laʻana o ka mucus, ka mimi, nā feces, a me ka pus mai nā ʻeha ma lalo o kahi microscope, hiki ke hoʻoholo inā he mau meaola e hoʻoulu ai i nā maʻi e like me ka bacteria , fungi , a me kekahi mau parasites .

E noʻonoʻo ʻoe he ʻū kou, a lawe lākou i kahi phlegm a hoʻāʻo iā ia. Inā nānā lākou iā ia ma lalo o kahi microscope a ʻike ʻia he bacteria kikoʻī kona (e.g., nā bacteria e hoʻoulu ai i ka maʻi puʻupuʻu), e maʻalahi i ke kauka ke kuhikuhi i ka lāʻau kūpono. A i ʻole i kekahi manawa, ke ulu kahi maʻi ʻili, hiki i kahi microscope ke kōkua i ka ʻike pono inā he maʻi fungal a i ʻole kekahi mea ʻē aʻe. I ke ʻano o nā maʻi mimi, nānā ʻia kahi hāpana mimi no nā bacteria a me nā pus cell. ʻO ka lālā o ka lāʻau lapaʻau e hana i kēia mau hoʻāʻo ua kapa ʻia ʻo microbiology .

Pehea e hoʻohana ai nā kauka i kēia microscope?

I kēia manawa ke noʻonoʻo nei paha ʻoe, pehea ʻoe e hana ai i kēia a he aha kāu e hana ai? He hana paʻakikī kēia, akā aia kekahi poʻe i loaʻa i ke aʻo kūikawā e hana ia.

1. Ke kiʻi ʻana i ka hāpana: ʻO ka mea mua, ua kiʻi ʻia nā mea e hoʻāʻo ʻia (e like me ke koko, ka mimi, kahi ʻāpana ʻiʻo, a i ʻole ka sputum) mai ka mea maʻi.

2. Ke hoʻomākaukau ʻana i ka Slide: A laila, kau ʻia ka hāpana ma luna o kahi ʻāpana aniani lahilahi i hoʻomākaukau kūikawā ʻia (kapa mākou i kēia he slide) a i kekahi manawa ua hoʻoluʻu ʻia me nā kala kūikawā. Hoʻohana ʻia kēia mau kala e maʻalahi ai ka ʻike ʻana i nā ʻāpana like ʻole o nā cell, e like me ka bacteria, ke nānā ʻia ma lalo o kahi microscope. Ke ʻike ʻia nā ʻāpana like ʻole o nā cell i nā kala like ʻole, ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o ka ʻike ʻana i nā ʻokoʻa. No ka laʻana, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā bacteria me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi Gram stain.

3. Ke nānā ʻana ma o kahi microscope: A laila, kau ʻia ka slide i hoʻomākaukau ʻia ma luna o ka microscope a nānā ʻia ma o nā aniani o nā mana hoʻonui like ʻole. Loaʻa i ka microscope nā aniani o nā mana like ʻole. ʻO ka mea mua, nānā ʻoe iā ia me ka mana haʻahaʻa, a laila, inā pono, me ka mana kiʻekiʻe, e ʻike pono i ka mea ma laila.

4. Ka Nānā ʻana a me ka Hōʻike: Ma muli o ka mea i ʻike ʻia ma lalo o ka microscope, e nānā kahi pathologist a i ʻole kahi loea keʻena hoʻokolohua lapaʻau i aʻo ʻia a hana i kahi hōʻike. ʻO kēlā hōʻike ka mea a kāu kauka e loaʻa ai e hoʻoholo ai e pili ana i kou maʻi.

Aia kekahi mau ʻano microscope like ʻole?

ʻAe, aia nā ʻano microscope like ʻole. ʻIke pinepine mākou i nā microscope māmā i nā keʻena hoʻokolohua lapaʻau. Hoʻohana kēia i ka mālamalama e hoʻonui i ke kiʻi. He maikaʻi kēia no ka nānā ʻana i nā mea e like me ka bacteria a me nā cell. Aia kekahi mau ʻano kūikawā o kēia e like me nā microscope fluorescence a me nā microscope phase contrast.

Akā, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o nā mea, no ka laʻana, nā virus(Nui nā ʻano virus) No ka ʻike ʻana i nā ʻano liʻiliʻi loa i loko o nā cell (organelles), pono ʻoe i nā microscope ikaika hou aʻe. Ua kapa ʻia lākou he microscopes electron . Hoʻohana kēia i kahi kukuna o nā electrons ma kahi o ka mālamalama. He nui loa lākou a he pipiʻi hoʻi, no laila hoʻohana nui ʻia lākou no ka noiʻi kūikawā a me kekahi mau hōʻailona maʻi paʻakikī. Akā ʻo ka mea e kōkua nui iā mākou i ka hōʻailona ʻana i nā maʻi ʻo ia ka microscope māmā aʻu i ʻōlelo ai ma mua.

ʻO ka mea e pono ai ʻoe e ʻike e pili ana i kēia

No laila, i ka manawa aʻe e noi mai ai kāu kauka iā ʻoe e hana i kahi hoʻāʻo koko a i ʻole kekahi hoʻāʻo laʻana ʻē aʻe, e hoʻomanaʻo e nānā ʻia paha kēlā ʻāpana o ia mea ma lalo o kahi microscope. Hiki i kēlā ke hāʻawi i ke kauka i ka ʻike he nui e pili ana i nā mea liʻiliʻi loa i loko o kou kino.

ʻAʻohe mea kēia e makaʻu ai. Ua like ka microscope me kahi hoaaloha e hiki ke ʻike koke i kou maʻi a kōkua iā ʻoe e hoʻōla koke.

Inā ʻaʻole ʻoe e maopopo i kekahi mea i loko o kāu hōʻike lab, e ʻoluʻolu e nīnau i kāu kauka. Mai makaʻu e nīnau, "E ke kauka, hiki iā ʻoe ke wehewehe mai iaʻu i kēia?" Loaʻa iā ʻoe nā kuleana āpau e ʻike ʻia e pili ana i kou olakino. Ua maopopo iaʻu?

ʻO ka mea hope loa, he aha e hoʻomanaʻo ai

ʻAe, mai nā mea a mākou i kamaʻilio ai i kēia lā, hiki paha iā ʻoe ke hoʻomaopopo i ka waiwai a me ka pono ʻole o kahi microscope i ka lāʻau lapaʻau.

• Hiki iā mākou ke ʻike i nā mea liʻiliʻi loa i ʻike ʻole ʻia e ko mākou mau maka, mai nā cell a i nā bacteria .
• Kōkua kēia i ka ʻike mua ʻana i nā maʻi he nui e like me ke kanesa , nā maʻi ʻaʻai , a me ka anemia .
• He ikaika nui kēia no nā kauka e hāʻawi i kahi hōʻailona pololei a hoʻomaka i ka lāʻau lapaʻau kūpono e like me ia.
• Ua like ka microscope me kahi koa leo ʻole i ka mālama ola. ʻO ka ʻike āna e hāʻawi ai he mea hana hoʻōla ola pinepine ia.

No laila, ʻaʻole wale ka microscope he ʻāpana hao, he hana mana ia o ka ʻepekema e kōkua ana i ka hoʻopakele ʻana i nā ola! Inā he ʻike iki kou i kēlā, ʻo ia ka hauʻoli o kēia moʻolelo.

ʻO ka Microscope, nā Kelepona, ka Hōʻailona, ​​​​nā Hoʻāʻo Lapaʻau, Pathology