Ua lohe paha ʻoe i kahi maʻi i kapa ʻia ʻo 'Melioidosis'? He mea ʻē paha ke kani ʻana o ka inoa. Akā, he maʻi kēia e pono e noʻonoʻo ʻia ma nā ʻāina wela a pulu e like me kākou, ʻoiai hoʻi no ka poʻe i pili i ka lepo a me ka wai. No laila, ʻaʻohe mea e makaʻu ai, e kamaʻilio maʻalahi kākou e pili ana i kēia, ma ke ʻano hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻomaopopo.
He aha ka Melioidosis?
I ka ʻōlelo maʻalahi, ʻo ka melioidosis kahi maʻi i hoʻokumu ʻia e kahi bacteria . Hoʻokumu ʻia ia e kahi ʻano bacteria i kapa ʻia ʻo Burkholderia pseudomallei (B. pseudomallei). Hoʻoili ʻia ia iā mākou ma o ka hoʻopili pololei ʻana me ka lepo haumia a i ʻole ka wai i loaʻa kēia bacteria. Hiki ke ʻokoʻa nā hōʻailona āu e ulu ai mai kēlā kanaka a i kēia kanaka. Aia ia i ke ʻano o kou maʻi ʻana a inā he mau maʻi ʻē aʻe kāu.
Hiki i kēia maʻi ke hoʻopilikia i nā kānaka a me nā holoholona. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole ia e laha mai nā holoholona a i nā kānaka . He mea nui hoʻi e hoʻomanaʻo i kekahi manawa ua kapa ʻia kēia maʻi ʻo "Whitmore's disease".
ʻAuhea kahi i loaʻa pinepine ai ka Melioidosis?
ʻO ka bacteria `B. pseudomallei` ka mea maʻamau i ka lepo a me nā kumu wai o ka ʻākau o Australia a me Asia Hikina Hema - ʻoi aku hoʻi i ko mākou mau ʻāina e pili ana e like me Thailand, Singapore, a me Malaysia. Eia nō naʻe, ua hōʻike ʻia kēia mau maʻi mai nā wahi ʻē aʻe o ka honua.
E noʻonoʻo, ua ʻike ʻia kēia bacteria ma ke kahakai o Mississippi, USA, i ka makahiki 2022. Eia kekahi, i ka makahiki 2021, ua loaʻa kēia bacteria i loko o kahi mea i loko o kahi ʻaila aromatherapy, a ua loaʻa i kekahi poʻe ka maʻi mai ia mea. ʻO ia hoʻi, hiki ke loaʻa kēia bacteria ma nā wahi i manaʻo ʻole ʻia.
ʻO wai ka mea i hoʻopilikia nui ʻia e Melioidosis?
Ma nā wahi i loaʻa pinepine ai kēia bacteria, hoʻopilikia pinepine ia i nā pākeke me nā maʻi olakino, ma waena o 40 a me 60 mau makahiki. ʻO ka mea kupanaha, ʻaʻole pinepine loa ka hopena o kēia maʻi i nā keiki ma lalo o 15 mau makahiki .
ʻO wai ka mea i ʻoi aku ka nui o ka pilikia o ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka melioidosis?
Aia ʻoe i ka pilikia kiʻekiʻe o ka loaʻa ʻana o kēia maʻi inā ʻoe e noho a hana paha ma kahi i loaʻa pinepine ai ka bacteria B. pseudomallei, a inā loaʻa iā ʻoe kekahi o kēia mau kūlana olakino:
- ʻO ka maʻi diabetes mellitus : He pilikia kēia i loaʻa i nā kānaka he nui.
- Ka maʻi hoʻohana ʻona
- Maʻi puʻupaʻa mau loa
- Nā maʻi māmā mau loa : No ka laʻana, `(Cystic fibrosis)` a i ʻole `(COPD)`.
- ʻO ke kanesa a i ʻole nā maʻi ʻē aʻe e hoʻonāwaliwali i ka ʻōnaehana pale : Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻole ʻike ʻia ka maʻi HIV e hoʻonui i ka pilikia o ka melioidosis.
- Thalassemia
Eia kekahi, ma nā wahi i laha nui ai ka bacteria `B. pseudomallei`ʻO ka poʻe e hana ana i nā hana a i ʻole nā leʻaleʻa e pili pinepine ana i ka launa pū ʻana me ka lepo a me ka wai o luna, e like me ka māla, ka hoʻolālā ʻāina, a me ka mahiʻai, ua ʻoi aku ka nui o ka pilikia. E noʻonoʻo, ʻo ʻAnakala Kamal, ka mea i loaʻa i ka maʻi diabetes ma ko mākou kauhale, hana ma nā mahina ʻai, a hehi pinepine ʻo ia i loko o ka wai lepo. Pono ʻo ia e makaʻala i kēia ʻano maʻi.
He aha nā hōʻailona o ka Melioidosis?
E ʻokoʻa nā hōʻailona āu e ʻike ai ma muli o kahi o kou kino i loaʻa ai ka maʻi. Loaʻa paha iā ʻoe nā hōʻailona ma kou mau māmā, ʻili, koko, a i ʻole nā wahi he nui i ka manawa hoʻokahi.
Nā hōʻailona o ka melioidosis o nā māmā (Pulmonary melioidosis)
Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe kahi maʻi i loko o kou mau māmā, hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i nā hōʻailona e like me:
- Kuke
- Ka paʻakikī o ka hanu ʻana (dyspnea)
- ʻEha umauma
- kuni
- Makemake nui
- ʻEha poʻo
Nā hōʻailona Melioidosis i kou ʻili (localized)
Inā he maʻi ʻili, ʻike paha ʻoe i nā mea e like me:
- Nā ʻeha, nā ʻōpū, a i ʻole nā abscesses
- Nā ʻōpū lymph pehu
- kuni
Nā hōʻailona o Melioidosis i loko o kou koko
I kekahi manawa, me nā hōʻailona o ka maʻi i loko o ka ʻili a i ʻole nā māmā, aia paha nā hōʻailona o ka maʻi i loko o ke koko (septicemia). Ua kapa ʻia hoʻi kēia he lāʻau make koko. ʻO nā hōʻailona:
- kuni kiʻekiʻe
- Luhi nui/māluhiluhi
- ʻEha poʻo
- Ka paʻakikī o ka hanu ʻana/pōkole o ka hanu ʻana
- ʻEha ʻōpū
- ʻEha hui
- Nā loli noʻonoʻo e like me ka huikau a me ka nalowale o ka hoʻomanaʻo
Nā Hōʻailona o ka melioidosis mau (hoʻolaha ʻia)
I kekahi manawa hiki i nā hōʻailona ke mau no ʻelua mahina a ʻoi aku paha . I loko o kēia manawa, hiki i ka bacteria B. pseudomallei ke laha i nā ʻāpana like ʻole o ke kino. Hiki i nā hōʻailona ke komo pū me:
- ʻŪhū mau loa
- kuni
- Ka emi ʻana o ke kaumaha
- Nā hou o ka pō
- Ke ʻū ʻana i ke koko
- ʻEha ʻōpū a umauma paha
- ʻEha ʻiʻo a hui paha
- ʻEha poʻo
- Nā kūlana epileptic (nā hopu ʻana)
ʻEhia ka lōʻihi ma hope o ka ʻike ʻia ʻana o nā hōʻailona bacteria?
No ka hapa nui o nā kānaka, ʻike ʻia nā hōʻailona i loko o hoʻokahi a ʻehā mau pule o ka hoʻopili ʻia ʻana i ka bacteria. Ua kapa ʻia kēia ʻo ka wā hoʻoulu. Akā, he mea kupanaha, hiki i kekahi poʻe ke loaʻa nā hōʻailona i nā mahina, a hiki i nā makahiki, ma hope o ka hoʻopili ʻia ʻana i ka bacteria. No laila, he mea paʻakikī iki ia.
He aha ke kumu o ka melioidosis?
ʻO ke kumu o kēia, e like me kaʻu i ʻōlelo ai ma mua, he bacteria i kapa ʻia ʻo `B. pseudomallei`. Noho ia i loko o ka wai o luna (nā loko wai, nā muliwai, nā loko) a me ka lepo. He mea maʻamau kēia bacteria ma nā wahi tropical a subtropical paha.
Pehea e loaʻa ai i nā kānaka ka melioidosis?
Loaʻa iā ʻoe kēia maʻi ma o ka pili pololei ʻana me ka lepo a i ʻole ka wai i haumia ʻia me ka bacteria `B. pseudomallei`. Aia kekahi mau ala e hiki ai i kēia bacteria ke komo i loko o kou kino:
- Ma o kahi ʻeha ma kou ʻili, e like me kahi ʻoki a i ʻole kahi kahakaha.
- Ka hanu ʻana : ʻO ia hoʻi, hiki i kēia bacteria ke komo i loko o kāu ʻōnaehana hanu me nā ʻāpana lepo i loko o ka lepo.
- Ka hanu ʻana o ka wai haumia i loko o nā māmā : Hiki ke hana kēia i ka wā e hana ana i ka wai a i ʻole e ʻauʻau ana.
- Ma ka inu ʻana a i ʻole ka ʻai ʻana i ka wai haumia.
ʻOi aku ka maʻamau o nā maʻi B. pseudomallei i ka wā ua, ʻoi aku hoʻi ma hope o ka ua nui, no ka mea, i kēlā manawa e piʻi mai ai ka bacteria i loko o ka lepo i luna a komo i loko o nā kumu wai.
Hiki ke hoʻolaha ʻia ka Melioidosis mai ke kanaka a i ke kanaka?
He pilikia kēia i loaʻa i nā kānaka he nui. He mea kākaʻikahi loa ka laha ʻana o ka Melioidosis mai kekahi kanaka a i kekahi kanaka. ʻO ke ala nui e loaʻa ai ka maʻi ma o ka hoʻopili ʻana me ka lepo a i ʻole ka wai i haumia ʻia. No laila, mai hopohopo pono ʻole.
Pehea e ʻike ʻia ai ka Melioidosis?
E nīnau mua kāu kauka iā ʻoe e pili ana i kāu mau hōʻailona, e nānā iā ʻoe, a laila e lawe i nā laʻana o kou koko a i ʻole nā wai kino ʻē aʻe no ka hoʻāʻo ʻana. Hiki iā lākou ke nīnau e pili ana i kāu ʻoihana, nā leʻaleʻa, a i ʻole ka mōʻaukala huakaʻi hou.
Hoʻouna ʻia nā laʻana i kahi keʻena hoʻokolohua, kahi e nānā ai nā loea i kāu mau laʻana no ke alo o ka bacteria B. pseudomallei a no nā antibodies e kūʻē iā ia. ʻO nā laʻana i hoʻohana ʻia e hōʻoia i ka melioidosis penei:
- Koko
- Mimi
- ʻŌhū
- Pus mai kahi ʻeha
Pehea e mālama ʻia ai ka Melioidosis?
Hoʻōla nā kauka i kēia maʻi me ʻelua ʻano antibiotic i ʻelua pae. He lāʻau lapaʻau lōʻihi iki kēia.
- I ka pae mua (koʻikoʻi) : E hāʻawi ʻia ʻoe i nā lāʻau antibiotic intravenous (IV) no ka liʻiliʻi he ʻelua pule. He lāʻau lapaʻau kēia e pono ai ka mālama ʻia ma ka haukapila.
- I ka lua (pae hoʻopau) : Pono ʻoe e lawe i nā lāʻau antibiotic waha no ka liʻiliʻi o ʻekolu mahina.
Ma muli o ke koʻikoʻi o kou kūlana, pono paha ʻoe i kahi lāʻau hou aʻe, e like me ka hoʻokahe ʻana i nā abscesses inā loaʻa lākou.
He aha nā lāʻau lapaʻau i hoʻohana ʻia no ka melioidosis?
Ma waena o nā lāʻau antibiotic intravenous (injection), hiki i kāu kauka ke kuhikuhi:
- ʻO Ceftazidime (Ceftazidime)
- ʻO Meropenem (Meropenem)
- ʻImipenem (ʻImipenem)
Hiki ke hāʻawi ʻia kēia mau mea ma ke ʻano he antibiotic waha:
- ʻO Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole - TMP/SMX)
- ʻAmoxicillin/clavulanic acid` `(ʻAmoxicillin/clavulanic acid - co-amoxiclav)`
ʻO ka mea nui loa, ʻo ia ka lawe ʻana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau no ka manawa piha o ka lāʻau i kuhikuhi ʻia e ke kauka. Mai hoʻōki i ka hapalua no ka mea ua ʻoluʻolu iki ʻoe.
Pehea mākou e pale ai iā mākou iho mai ka Melioidosis?
Ma nā wahi i loaʻa pinepine ai ka bacteria B. pseudomallei, hiki iā ʻoe ke hana i kēia mau hana e pale aku iā ʻoe iho mai kēia maʻi:
- Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe ka maʻi diabetes a i ʻole ka maʻi puʻupaʻa mau loa , e pale i ka hoʻopili ʻana me ka lepo a me ka wai kū i ka hiki.
- E komo i nā kāmaʻa pale wai i ka wā e hele ai i ka lepo pulu, ka wai kū, a i ʻole ka lepo.
- E komo i nā mīkina lima i ka wā e hana ana ma ka māla a i ʻole me ka lepo.
- Inā he mau ʻoki a ʻōpala paha ma kou kino, e uhi iā lākou me kahi uhi pale wai . Mai ʻae i ka lepo a i ʻole ka wai e komo i loko o nā ʻeha, hiki ke hoʻohaumia iā lākou.
- ʻAuʻau a holoi maikaʻi paha ma hope o ka hana ʻana me ka lepo, ka wai lepo, a i ʻole ka hana ʻana ma waho.
- E ʻaʻahu i kahi pale maka e uhi ana i kou ihu a me kou waha i ka wā e ʻoki ai i ka mauʻu, e ʻoki ana i nā nāhelehele, a i ʻole e hoʻohana ana i nā mea pīpī wai kiʻekiʻe ma ka honua.
- Inā manaʻo ʻoe ua loaʻa iā ʻoe ka bacteria `B. pseudomallei`, hiki i kāu kauka ke ʻōlelo aku iā ʻoe e lawe i nā antibiotics (post-exposure prophylaxis) e pale aku i ka melioidosis.
He aha kaʻu e manaʻo ai inā loaʻa iaʻu ka melioidosis?
ʻO ka hapa nui o ka poʻe i loaʻa ʻole nā maʻi koʻikoʻi ʻē aʻe a loaʻa ka lāʻau lapaʻau koke e hiki ke ho'ōla piha mai kēia maʻi. Eia nō naʻe, pono paha e hoʻomau ka lāʻau lapaʻau no nā mahina e hoʻopau loa i ka bacteria. I kekahi manawa hiki ke hoʻi hou nā hōʻailona ma hope o ka pau ʻana o ka lāʻau lapaʻau (relapse). No laila, he mea nui loa ia e hahai i nā ʻōlelo a kāu kauka.
Eia nō naʻe, no ka poʻe me nā maʻi olakino, a i ʻole ka poʻe i hiki ʻole ke loaʻa ka ʻike mua a me ka mālama ʻana, ʻoi aku ka koʻikoʻi o ke kūlana.
Hiki ke ho'ōla ʻia ka Melioidosis?
ʻAe, hiki ke ho'ōla ʻia ka melioidosis me kahi papa hana lāʻau antibiotic ʻelua pae. Eia nō naʻe, hiki i kekahi mau maʻi ke lilo i mea ʻino koke, a ʻaʻole paha e holomua mau ka lāʻau. No laila, he mea nui loa ka ʻike mua a me ka mālama ʻana.
Hiki i ka Melioidosis ke make?
Me ka mālama wikiwiki a kūpono, aia ka nui o ka make ma waena o 10% a me 20% . Eia nō naʻe, piʻi ka pilikia o ka maʻi nui a me ka make mai ka melioidosis me:
- Inā paha he maʻi ʻē aʻe kou a ʻaʻole paha.
- ʻO ka hiki ke loaʻa i ka mālama ola kino maikaʻi.
- ʻO wai nā ʻōpū i loaʻa i ka maʻi?
Pehea wau e mālama ai iaʻu iho ma ke ʻano he kanaka me Melioidosis?
Inā ua ʻike ʻia ʻoe me ka melioidosis, e lawe i nā lāʻau lapaʻau a pau e like me ke kauoha a kāu kauka . Inā ʻoe e hoʻōki koke i ka lawe ʻana i nā antibiotics, hiki iā ʻoe ke maʻi hou.
E hōʻoia e hele i ke kauka i nā lā i hāʻawi ʻia iā ʻoe e ʻike iā ia. Inā e pau kāu mau hōʻailona a laila hoʻi mai, a inā ʻike ʻia nā hōʻailona hou, a inā e ʻoi aʻe ka ʻino o kāu mau hōʻailona, e hoʻomaopopo i kāu kauka.
Nā pilikia o ka Melioidosis
Hiki i ka Melioidosis ke laha i nā ʻāpana he nui o kou kino a hoʻoulu i nā pilikia e like me:
- ʻO ka maʻi iwi (Osteomyelitis)
- ʻO ka maʻi hono (Septic arthritis)
- Ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana o ka pus (abscesses) i loko o ka ʻili, nā māmā, ke akepaʻa, ka spleen, ka lolo, a i ʻole nā mea ʻē aʻe
- ʻO ka maʻi hoʻopilikia hanu koʻikoʻi (ARDS)
- Sepsis - Hiki i kēia ke hoʻoweliweli i ke ola, kahi pane koʻikoʻi a ke kino i ka maʻi e hōʻino ana i nā ʻōpū.
Āhea wau e ʻike ai i ke kauka?
Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe nā hōʻailona o ka melioidosis, ʻoiai inā ʻoe e noho ana ma kahi i loaʻa pinepine ai ʻo B. pseudomallei a i ʻole ua huakaʻi koke nei ʻoe, e ʻike koke i ke kauka . ʻO ka mālama koke ʻana e hāʻawi iā ʻoe i ka manawa kūpono loa no ka hoʻōla piha ʻana.
Inā manaʻo ʻoe ua loaʻa iā ʻoe ka bacteria B. pseudomallei i kēia manawa, e ʻike i ke kauka. Hiki paha iā ia ke hāʻawi iā ʻoe i ka prophylaxis ma hope o ka loaʻa ʻana i mea e pale aku ai iā ʻoe mai ka loaʻa ʻana o ka maʻi.
Āhea wau e hele ai i kahi Emergency Treatment Unit (ETU) ?
Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe kēia mau hōʻailona koʻikoʻi, e hele koke i ka lumi pilikia:
- Kuni nui (ma luna o 103 Fahrenheit/39.4 Celsius)
- Paʻakikī koke a paʻakikī paha ka hanu ʻana
- ʻEha nui o ka ʻōpū
- Ka huikau a i ʻole nā loli noʻonoʻo ʻē aʻe
- ʻEha umauma
- Nā kūlana epileptic (nā hopu ʻana)
He aha nā nīnau e pono iaʻu e nīnau aku i kaʻu kauka?
He mea kōkua paha ke nīnau aku i kāu kauka i kēia mau nīnau:
- Pehea lā wau e lawe ai i kaʻu lāʻau lapaʻau?
- Āhea wau e hele hou mai ai e ʻike iā ʻoe?
- Āhea wau e hoʻomaikaʻi ai?
- He aha nā hōʻailona e pono ai iaʻu e hele i ka lumi pilikia?
- He aha kaʻu e hana ai e mālama i koʻu mau hōʻailona ma ka home?
- He maʻi lele anei kēia? (Ua ʻike wau he mea kakaikahi kēia, akā he mea maikaʻi ke maopopo)
ʻO ka mea hope loa, nā mea e hoʻomanaʻo ai (Leka Lawe-Home)
He maʻi ʻo Melioidosis e pono ai ka nānā ʻana a he paʻakikī ke ʻike . No ka mea, hiki ke like kona mau hōʻailona me nā maʻi maʻamau ʻē aʻe, ʻaʻole koʻikoʻi. Inā ʻaʻole mālama ʻia, hiki ke hoʻoweliweli i ke ola.No laila, inā manaʻo ʻoe ua loaʻa paha iā ʻoe ka bacteria 'B. pseudomallei', a inā he mau hōʻailona kou o ka melioidosis, a inā paha ʻoe i loko o kahi hui pilikia e ʻoi aku ka koʻikoʻi, mai kānalua e ʻike i kāu kauka a kūkākūkā i kou mau hopohopo . ʻO ka hana wikiwiki ke ala maikaʻi loa e noho olakino ai!
ʻO Melioidosis, Burkholderia pseudomallei, maʻi lepo, maʻi wai, maʻi bacteria, pale ʻana
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