Ua ʻike anei ʻoe i nā puʻupuʻu ihu a me paranasal? E kamaʻilio kākou e pili ana i kēia!

He ihu paʻa kou i nā manawa a pau? A i ʻole he manaʻo wale nō ia ma kekahi ʻaoʻao? Loaʻa iā ʻoe ke kahe koko i kekahi manawa? ʻOiai paha e manaʻo ʻoe he anu wale nō ia, i kekahi manawa aia paha kekahi kumu ʻē aʻe ma hope ona. I kēia lā e kamaʻilio mākou e pili ana i nā ʻano puʻupuʻu e hiki ke hana i loko o ka ihu a me kona mau lua e pili ana (sinuses).

He aha ka puʻupuʻu ihu?

I ka ʻōlelo maʻalahi, ʻo ka polyp nasal kahi ulu ʻano ʻē o nā pūnaewele e kū mai ana i loko o ka lua ihu a i ʻole nā ​​​​lua i piha i ka ea a puni kou ihu (paranasal sinuses). Hiki i kekahi o kēia mau mea ke maikaʻi ʻole , ʻo ia hoʻi, ʻaʻole lākou he maʻi kanesa. Hiki i kekahi ke lilo i mea ʻino , ʻo ia hoʻi he maʻi kanesa.

Aia kekahi mau ʻano o nā puʻupuʻu ihu ʻaʻole cancerous (benign):

He mau maʻi puʻupuʻu maʻalahi kēia, ʻaʻole e hoʻoweliweli i ke ola.

• Nā polyps ihu: Ua lohe paha ʻoe i kēia mau mea. He mau ulu palupalu a ʻeha ʻole lākou e hana ana i loko o ka ihu. Hoʻomohala kekahi poʻe iā lākou me ka ihu paʻa pinepine.
• Hemangioma: He mau puʻupuʻu kēia i hana ʻia me nā kīʻaha koko. I kekahi manawa hiki iā lākou ke nānā aku e like me nā puʻupuʻu ʻulaʻula liʻiliʻi.

Aia kekahi mau ʻano o nā puʻupuʻu nasal malignant:

He ʻoi aku ka koʻikoʻi o kēia mau mea, no ka mea, he mau maʻi ʻaʻai lākou. Pono lākou i ka mālama koke ʻia.

• ʻO ka maʻi kanesa cell squamous
• ʻO ka maʻi ʻaʻai adenocarcinoma
• Neuroblastoma : He maʻi ʻaʻai kēia e hoʻomaka ana i loko o nā hunaola nerve.
• ʻO ke kanesa adenoid cystic
• ʻO Sarcoma: He maʻi ʻaʻai kēia e kū mai ana mai nā ʻiʻo pili e like me ka iwi, ke kāʻei, a me ka momona.

He aha ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o kahi puʻupuʻu ihu a me kahi puʻupuʻu sinus paranasal?

ʻO ka ʻokoʻa nui ma waena o nā mea ʻelua kahi e ulu ai ka puʻupuʻu. E noʻonoʻo e like me ʻelua lumi i loko o kahi hale.

• Puʻupuʻu ihu: Hoʻomaka kēia i loko o kou lua ihu. ʻO ia hoʻi, ma hope pono o ka ihu, ma ke ala nui a mākou e hanu ai.
• ʻO ka puʻupuʻu sinus paranasal: Hoʻomaka kēia i loko o nā lua i piha i ka ea a puni ka ihu (paranasal sinuses). ʻO kēia mau lua kahi e puka mai ai ka sinusitis, a hana ʻia lākou. Kōkua kēia mau lua i ka hoʻemi ʻana i ke kaumaha o ke poʻo a hāʻawi i ka leo kani no ka leo.

ʻO wai ka mea e loaʻa ai kēia mau paila ihu?

ʻOiaʻiʻo, hiki i kekahi ke loaʻa i kēia mau mea. He keiki, he ʻōpio, he ʻelemakule, aia nā mea a pau i ka pilikia. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo nā polyp ihu kanesa ka mea maʻamau i ka poʻe ma luna o 55 mau makahiki. Ua hōʻike kekahi mau noiʻi he ʻelua ka nui o ka loaʻa ʻana o nā polyp ihu i nā kāne ma mua o nā wahine .

He mea maʻamau anei nā polyps ihu?

ʻAʻole, he mea kakaikahi loa nā polyp ihu.Kekahi mea. ʻO ia hoʻi, ʻaʻole ia he maʻi e hoʻopilikia i nā kānaka a pau. ʻO nā maʻi kanesa o ka ihu a me nā sinuses paranasal he pakeneka liʻiliʻi loa ia o nā maʻi kanesa o ke poʻo a me ka ʻāʻī. No laila, ʻaʻohe mea e hopohopo ai, akā he mea nui e makaʻala i nā hōʻailona.

He aha nā hōʻailona o kahi puʻupuʻu ihu?

Pono ʻoe e hopohopo iki e pili ana i kēia mau hōʻailona, ​​​​​​no ka mea, ua like kekahi o lākou me nā hōʻailona o ke anu maʻamau a i ʻole ka maʻi sinus.

• ʻO ka ihu paʻa pinepine a i ʻole ka sinus paʻa, ʻoiai ma kekahi ʻaoʻao , inā hoʻomau ia me ka ʻole o ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana.
• Ka nalowale a i ʻole ka emi ʻana o ke ʻala (anosmia) . E hopohopo inā nalowale koke kou hiki ke honi i nā ʻala maʻamau.
• ʻO ke kahe ʻana o ke koko , ʻoiai inā pinepine ka puka ʻana a ma kekahi ʻaoʻao wale nō.
• ʻO nā ʻeha poʻo , ʻoiai nā mea e hoʻomau a ʻaʻole e emi me ka lāʻau lapaʻau.
• ʻO ka postnasal drip, ʻo ia hoʻi ka manaʻo o ka mucus e kahe ana mai ka ihu a i loko o ka puʻu .
• He wai melemele a ʻōmaʻomaʻo paha, e like me ka pus, kahe mai ka ihu mai .
• Ka haehae pinepine ʻana o nā maka (ʻoi aku ma mua o ka maʻamau).
• He loli o ka leo , me he mea lā e ʻōlelo ana ma ka ihu.
• Ke ʻeha nei a i ʻole ka mae ʻana a puni ka ihu, nā maka, nā pepeiao, nā papālina, a i ʻole ka lae .
• He puʻu a pehu paha ma ka maka, ka ihu, ke kaupaku o ka waha, a i ʻole ka ʻāʻī .
• Nā maʻi pepeiao pinepine a i ʻole ke kahe ʻana o ke wai mai ka pepeiao.
• Nā pilikia lohe a i ʻole ke kani mau ʻana o nā pepeiao.
• Nā pilikia maka: Nā maka pehu a i ʻole kekahi maka e puka ana i mua, ka ʻike maka pohihihi, ka ʻike pālua, a pēlā aku.
• Ka paʻakikī i ka wehe ʻana i kou waha a i ʻole ka ʻeha ma ka ʻāpana ʻauwae.

He aha ke kumu o nā paila ihu?

ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ua hana ʻia nā polyp nasal e ka hōʻino ʻia a i ʻole nā ​​​​loli maʻamau ʻole i loko o nā genes e kāohi ana i ka ulu ʻana o nā cell i loko o ko mākou kino. Ke hoʻāʻo nei nā loea e ʻike pono i ke kumu o kēia mau loli genetic.

Eia nō naʻe, ua ʻike ʻia kekahi mau mea pilikia e hoʻonui ai i ka pilikia o ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā polyp nasal. ʻO lākou kēia:

• Uahi paka: ʻAʻole wale ka puhi ʻana i nā cigarette a me nā bidis he mea ʻino, akā, ʻo ka hanu ʻana i ka uahi o nā cigarette a haʻi (puhi lua) he mea ʻino ia.
• Ka lōʻihi o ka hoʻopili ʻia ʻana i ka lepo lāʻau a i ʻole ka lepo ʻili . He mea nui loa kēia no ka poʻe i komo i nā ʻoihana kālai lāʻau, nā lako hale, a me nā kāmaʻa.
• Ka ʻike ʻia ʻana i kekahi mau kemika a me nā uahi: No ka laʻana, ka ʻike ʻia ʻana i ke kāpili, radium, nā mea hoʻoheheʻe, nickel, chromium, a me formaldehyde.
• Aia kekahi hōʻike e pili ana paha kekahi mau maʻi viral (e like me Human Papillomavirus - HPV).

He aha nā pilikia e hiki mai ana inā ʻaʻole mālama ʻia nā polyp nasal?

Inā he puʻupuʻu kanesa ia ma ka ihu, hiki iā ia ke laha i nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe o ke kino (metastasis) . ʻO ia ka mea weliweli loa. No ka laʻana, hiki iā ia ke laha i nā lymph nodes ma ka ʻāʻī, nā māmā, ke akepaʻa, a me nā iwi. Eia nō naʻe, inā ʻike mua ke kauka i kēia puʻupuʻu , hiki ke hoʻemi nui ʻia ka pilikia o kēia laha ʻana. No laila ke ʻōlelo ʻia nei e ʻimi i ke kōkua lapaʻau i ka wā e ʻike ʻia ai nā hōʻailona.

Nā pae o ke kanesa o ka ihu a me nā sinuses paranasal

Hoʻohana nā kauka i kahi ʻōnaehana hoʻonohonoho e hoʻoholo ai i ka mamao o ka laha ʻana o kahi puʻupuʻu i loko o ka ihu a i ʻole nā ​​sinuses paranasal. Hoʻohana ʻia kēia e hoʻolālā i ka mālama ʻana. ʻEhā mau pae nui:

• Pae I: Aia nō ka puʻupuʻu i loko o ka lua ihu a i ʻole nā ​​​​sinus paranasal. ʻAʻole i pālahalaha.
• Pae II: Ua pālahalaha ka ʻōpū i nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe o ka lua ihu a i ʻole nā ​​​​sinus paranasal, akā aia nō i loko o kēlā palena.
• Pae III: Ua pālahalaha ka puʻupuʻu i nā iwi sinus a i ʻole ka lua maka. Ua pālahalaha paha i kahi node lymph kokoke.
• Pae IV: ʻO kēia ke kahua koʻikoʻi loa. Ua pālahalaha ka puʻupuʻu i nā ʻiʻo kokoke, e like me ka lolo, ke kumu o ke poʻo, a i ʻole nā ​​​​ʻāpana hohonu o ka ʻāʻī. Ua pālahalaha paha ia i nā lymph node mamao a i ʻole nā ​​​​​​ʻāpana mamao ʻē aʻe o ke kino (e like me nā māmā).

Inā he mau nīnau kāu e pili ana i kēia pae o ke kanesa, e kamaʻilio ākea me kāu kauka. ʻO ia ke kanaka maikaʻi loa e haʻi pololei iā ʻoe i kou kūlana. Mai makaʻu e nīnau.

Pehea e ʻike ai i kahi puʻupuʻu ma ka ihu?

ʻO ka mea mua, ke ʻike ʻoe i ke kauka me kāu mau hōʻailona, ​​e hana ʻo ia i kahi hoʻokolokolo kino a nīnau e pili ana i kāu mau hōʻailona, ​​​​ka mōʻaukala olakino ʻohana, a me kāu ʻoihana. A laila, e paipai lākou i kekahi mau hoʻokolohua e kūpono i kou kūlana. Hiki i kēia mau mea ke komo pū me:

• ʻO ka endoskopi nasal: Ma kēia kaʻina hana, hoʻokomo ke kauka i kahi ʻōmole lahilahi a palupalu (me kahi kukui liʻiliʻi a me ke kāmela) i loko o ka ihu e nānā i loko o nā ala ihu a me nā lua sinus. Hiki i kēia ke nānā i kekahi mea ʻē aʻe, e like me ka puʻupuʻu. Inā pono, hiki ke lawe ʻia kahi ʻāpana liʻiliʻi o ka ʻiʻo no ka hoʻāʻo ʻana (he biopsy) i kēia manawa.
• Nā hoʻāʻo koko: Lawe ʻia kahi hāpana o kou koko a hoʻāʻo ʻia i loko o kahi keʻena hana e nānā i nā kūlana olakino maʻamau a me kekahi mau māka tumor.
• Nā hoʻāʻo kiʻi: Hiki i kēia ke komo pū me nā X-ray , MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) scans , a i ʻole CT (computed tomography) scans . Hiki i kēia mau scans ke hōʻike i nā kikoʻī he nui e pili ana i ka puʻupuʻu, e like me kona nui, kahi, inā ua pālahalaha i nā ʻiʻo kokoke, a inā ua hoʻopilikia ʻia nā lymph nodes.
• Biopsy: He hoʻāʻo koʻikoʻi loa kēia. Maanei, lawe ke kauka i kahi hāpana ʻiʻo liʻiliʻi mai ka puʻupuʻu a hoʻouna iā ia i ka lab no ka hoʻokolokolo histopathological. Hoʻohana ʻia kēia biopsy e hoʻoholo ai inā he maʻi kanesa ka puʻupuʻu a ʻaʻole paha, a inā pēlā, he aha ke ʻano o ke kanesa.

Pehea e mālama ai i nā cysts nasal?

ʻO ka mālama ʻana no ka puʻupuʻu ihu e pili ana i kekahi mau kumu, me kou olakino holoʻokoʻa, ke ʻano o ka puʻupuʻu (maʻi kanesa a ʻaʻole paha), ka nui a me kahi o ka puʻupuʻu, ke kahua o ke kanesa, a me kāu mau makemake pilikino.

Ma keʻano laulā, ʻōlelo nā kauka e wehe ʻokiʻoki i nā ʻōpū ihu noncancerous.

No nā ʻōpū ihu maʻi kanesa, hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ka hui pū ʻana o hoʻokahi a ʻoi aku paha o kēia mau lāʻau lapaʻau: ʻoki kino, radiation therapy, a i kekahi manawa chemotherapy.

ʻoki kino

ʻO ka pahuhopu nui o ke ʻoki ʻana, ʻo ia ka wehe ʻana i ka nui o ka puʻupuʻu ihu e like me ka hiki. Inā ua pālahalaha ke kanesa i nā lymph node kokoke, e wehe pū ke kauka ʻoki iā lākou (ʻoki ʻāʻī). I kekahi manawa, ma muli o ka wahi o ka puʻupuʻu, hiki ke hana ʻia ke ʻoki ʻana i loko o ka ihu me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi endoscope (ʻoki endoscopic), me ka ʻole o ka hana ʻana i kahi ʻoki ma waho. Eia nō naʻe, no kekahi mau puʻupuʻu nui aʻe, pono paha e hana ʻia kahi ʻoki ma waho o ka maka a i ʻole ke poʻo. Ma muli o kou kūlana, hiki i kāu hui lapaʻau ke komo pū me nā kauka ʻoki waha, nā neurosurgeons, a me ka pepeiao, ka ihu, a me ka ʻāʻī (nā loea ENT).

Hoʻōla Pāhawewe

Pili kēia i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā kukuna ikehu kiʻekiʻe e pepehi i nā hunaola kanesa. Hiki i kāu kauka ke ʻōlelo aku i ka radiation therapy wale nō a i ʻole me ka hui pū ʻana me ke ʻoki kino. I kekahi manawa, hāʻawi ʻia ka radiation therapy ma mua o ke ʻoki kino e hoʻēmi i ka puʻupuʻu (neoadjuvant therapy). A i ʻole, hāʻawi ʻia ka radiation therapy ma hope o ke ʻoki kino e pepehi i nā hunaola kanesa i koe (adjuvant therapy). No ka poʻe hiki ʻole ke hana ʻoki kino a i ʻole makemake ʻole i ke ʻoki kino, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka radiation therapy wale nō ma kahi o ke ʻoki kino.

Kemoterapia

ʻO ka Chemotherapy ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā lāʻau anticancer e pepehi i nā hunaola kanesa. Hiki ke hāʻawi ʻia kēia mau mea ma ka waha a i ʻole ma ke ʻano intravenous. ʻAʻole hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ka Chemotherapy e mālama i nā polyps ihu e like me ke ʻoki kino a i ʻole ka radiation therapy. Eia nō naʻe, i kekahi mau hihia koʻikoʻi, i ka wā e pālahalaha ai ke kanesa, a i ʻole e hoʻoikaika i nā hopena o ka radiation therapy (chemoradiation), hiki i kāu kauka ke ʻōlelo aku i ka chemotherapy.

He aha kāu e manaʻo ai inā he puʻupuʻu kou ihu?

Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe kahi puʻupuʻu ihu noncancerous, e ʻōlelo paha kāu kauka e wehe i ke ʻoki ʻana.ʻO ka maʻamau, ʻaʻole ia he mea hoʻoweliweli i ke ola o nā ʻōpū ihu ʻaʻole cancerous a he haʻahaʻa ka pilikia o ka hoʻi hou ʻana.

Eia nō naʻe, inā he puʻupuʻu ihu kanesa kou, e hoʻomohala kāu hui lapaʻau i kahi hoʻolālā lapaʻau e pili pono ana iā ʻoe. Hiki ke komo pū me ke ʻoki kino, ka radiation therapy, ka chemotherapy, a i ʻole ka hui pū ʻana o kēia mau lāʻau lapaʻau. Pono ʻoe e hoʻomau i nā hoʻokolohua hahai ma hope o ka lāʻau lapaʻau e ʻike ai inā ua hoʻi mai ke kanesa.

Hiki ke ho'ōla ʻia nā cysts ma ka ihu a me nā paranasal sinuses?

Hiki ke ho'ōla ʻia ka hapa nui o nā polyp ihu kanesa, ʻoiai inā ʻike mua ʻia. E like me nā ʻano maʻi kanesa ʻē aʻe, ʻo ka lōʻihi o ka ʻike ʻole ʻia ʻana o ka polyp ihu, ʻo ka nui o ka ulu ʻana a me ka laha ʻana. Hiki i kēia ke hōʻemi i nā manawa kūpono o ka ho'ōla ʻana. ʻO ia ke kumu e ʻōlelo ai mākou e makaʻala i nā hōʻailona a ʻike koke i ke kauka inā he mau hopohopo kāu.

Nā helu ola no ke Kanesa o ka Ihu a me nā Lua Paranasal

ʻOkoʻa nā helu ola ʻelima makahiki no nā ʻōpū ihu, ma muli o ka mamao o ka laha ʻana o ke kanesa.

• Inā ua paʻa ka puʻupuʻu i ka lua ihu a i ʻole nā ​​​​sinus paranasal (localized), ʻo ka nui o ke ola ʻana o ʻelima mau makahiki ma kahi o 82% . ʻO ke ʻano kēia he 82 o 100 mau kānaka me kēia ʻano puʻupuʻu e ola mau ana i ʻelima mau makahiki ma hope o ka ʻike ʻia ʻana.
• Inā ua pālahalaha ke kanesa i nā ʻiʻo kokoke a i ʻole nā ​​​​kikowaena lymph (ʻāpana), ʻo kēia helu ma kahi o 52% .
• Inā ua pālahalaha ke kanesa i nā ʻāpana mamao o ke kino, piʻi kēia helu i kahi o 42% .

Akā he mea nui e hoʻomanaʻo i kēia: ʻO nā helu ola he mau helu helu, ʻo ia hoʻi, nā kuhi. ʻAʻole lākou e haʻi pololei iā ʻoe i ka lōʻihi o kou ola ʻana a i ʻole ka holomua o kāu lāʻau lapaʻau. He ʻokoʻa ke kūlana o kēlā me kēia kanaka. Inā he mau nīnau kikoʻī kāu e pili ana i kēia, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ke kamaʻilio ʻana me kāu kauka. Mai hoʻokuʻu i ka manaʻolana.

Hiki ke pale ʻia nā polyps ihu?

ʻAʻohe ala e pale loa ai i nā polyps ihu. Eia nō naʻe, hiki iā ʻoe ke hōʻemi i kou pilikia ma ka haʻalele ʻana i ka puhipaka, ka noho ʻana mai ka uahi lua, a me ka hōʻemi ʻana i kou ʻike ʻana i nā uahi kemika ʻino a me ka lepo . Inā ʻoe e hana i kahi ʻano kahi i loaʻa ai nā kemika ʻino a i ʻole ka lepo (e like me ka lepo lāʻau, ka lepo ʻili), e hōʻoia e hahai i nā hana palekana kūpono a e ʻaʻahu i nā lako pale kūpono (e like me nā pale maka, nā mea hanu).

Āhea ʻoe e ʻike ai i ke kauka?

Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe nā hōʻailona o ka puʻupuʻu ihu, e like me ke kahe pinepine ʻana o ka ihu, ka nalowale o ke ʻala, ka paʻa mau o ka ihu (ʻoi aku hoʻi ma kekahi ʻaoʻao), ka ʻeha o ka maka a i ʻole ka pehu ʻana, pono ʻoe e ʻike koke i ke kauka.Ma hope o ka ʻike ʻana i kahi kauka lapaʻau laulā, inā manaʻo lākou he mea pono, e kuhikuhi lākou iā ʻoe i kahi loea pepeiao, ihu, a me ka ʻāʻī (loea ENT).

He aha nā nīnau āu e nīnau ai i kāu kauka?

Inā ʻike ʻia ʻoe a i ʻole kekahi mea kokoke iā ʻoe me kahi puʻupuʻu ihu, mai makaʻu a kānalua paha e nīnau i kāu kauka i kēia mau nīnau:

• He maʻi kanesa anei kēia puʻupuʻu a ʻaʻole paha he maʻi kanesa?
• Aia ma hea ka puʻupuʻu?
• Pehea ka nui o ka puʻupuʻu?
• Ua laha anei? Inā pēlā, ma hea? (Ua laha anei? Inā pēlā, ma hea?)
• He aha ke kahua o kēia?
• He aha ke ʻano o ka lāʻau lapaʻau āu e ʻōlelo nei? A no ke aha? (He aha ke ʻano o ka lāʻau lapaʻau āu e ʻōlelo nei? A no ke aha?)
• Pehea ka lōʻihi o ka mālama ʻana?
• ʻEhia pinepine e pono ai iaʻu e hele mai no ka mālama ʻana?
• He aha nā hopena ʻaoʻao o ka lāʻau lapaʻau? Pehea e hiki ai ke mālama ʻia?
• E hiki anei iaʻu ke hana a hele i ke kula i ka wā e mālama ʻia ai au?
• Pehea lā koʻu ola ma hope o ka mālama ʻana? Hiki iaʻu ke manaʻo i kahi ho'ōla piha?
• Aia kekahi mau lāʻau lapaʻau ʻē aʻe noʻu?

Pehea kou manaʻo ke loaʻa kahi puʻupuʻu ma kou ihu?

I nā pae mua, ua like loa nā hōʻailona o ka polyp nasal me nā hōʻailona o ke anu maʻamau. ʻO ia ke kumu ʻaʻole nui ka poʻe e nānā iā ia. I ka holomua ʻana o ke kūlana, hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i ka ihu paʻa ma kekahi ʻaoʻao ʻaʻole e hoʻomaikaʻi a mau loa. ʻO nā hōʻailona ʻē aʻe e komo pū me ke kahe ʻana o ka ihu, ka ʻeha o ka maka, a me ka nalowale o ke ʻala. Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe ka ihu paʻa mau a i ʻole ka sinus paʻa, a i ʻole kekahi o nā hōʻailona ʻē aʻe i ʻōlelo ʻia ma luna, e ʻike koke i ke kauka.

ʻO ka mea hope loa, nā mea e hoʻomanaʻo ai

ʻO nā polyp ihu he mau ulu ʻano ʻē i hana ʻia i loko o ka lua ihu a i ʻole nā ​​sinuses paranasal. He maʻi kanesa paha a ʻaʻole paha. He mea maʻamau ka makaʻu a me ka hopohopo ke lohe ʻoe he polyp kou. Hiki ia i nā kānaka a pau.

Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe a i ʻole kekahi āu i ʻike ai he maʻi kanesa, e kamaʻilio ākea me kāu kauka e pili ana i nā koho lapaʻau a me nā papahana kākoʻo. E loaʻa ka ʻike. E nīnau i nā nīnau. Hiki nō hoʻi ke kōkua i ke kamaʻilio ʻana me kahi kākāʻōlelo e kōkua iā ʻoe e hoʻoponopono i ke kaumaha, ka makaʻu, a me ka hopohopo e hele mai me kēia manawa. Inā hiki iā ʻoe, e hui pū me kahi hui kākoʻo maʻi kanesa, inā he kūloko a ma ka pūnaewele paha. ʻO ke kamaʻilio ʻana me nā poʻe ʻē aʻe e hele nei i nā mea like me ʻoe a me ka kaʻana like ʻana i nā manaʻo he mea maikaʻi loa ia no kou olakino noʻonoʻo. Hiki iā ia ke kōkua iā ʻoe e manaʻo ʻaʻole ʻoe hoʻokahi.

Nā puʻupuʻu ihu , nā puʻupuʻu paranasal, ka maʻi ʻaʻai ihu, ka maʻi ʻaʻai sinus, ka ihu paʻa, ke kahe koko o ka ihu, ka nalowale o ke ʻala