Ua ʻike paha ʻoe he ʻōnaehana pale kupaianaha ko ko mākou kino, e like me ka pūʻali koa, e hakakā i nā maʻi. Kāhea mākou i kēia ʻōnaehana pale. Aia nā ʻano koa like ʻole i loko o kēia pūʻali koa. Kiu kekahi, hana kekahi i nā mea kaua, a hele pololei kekahi i ke kaua. I kēia lā e kamaʻilio mākou e pili ana i kahi hui kūikawā loa, ʻokoʻa iki, a akamai loa o nā commandos i loko o kēia pūʻali koa. ʻO ia nā 'pūnaewele pepehi kanaka kūlohelohe' a i ʻole e like me kā mākou e ʻike nei, ʻo Natural Killer Cells (NK Cells) . He mea weliweli iki ke kani o ka inoa, ʻeā? Akā, ʻo kēia kekahi o kā mākou mau hoaaloha maikaʻi loa i loko o ko mākou kino.
ʻO wai kēia mau Pūnaewele Pepehi Kanaka Kūlohelohe (nā pūnaewele NK)?
I ka ʻōlelo maʻalahi, ʻo nā Natural Killer Cells (NK cells) he ʻano koko keʻokeʻo i loko o ko kākou kino. I ka pololei, no kahi hui o nā cell i kapa ʻia ʻo lymphocytes lākou, ʻo ia kekahi ʻano nui o nā cell i loko o ka ʻōnaehana pale. Ua lohe paha ʻoe i nā B-cells a me nā T-cells. ʻO ia ke ʻano o nā NK cells.
Akā aia kekahi kumu i kapa ʻia ai lākou he mau mea pepehi kanaka "maoli". Pono nā cell hakakā ʻē aʻe i loko o kā mākou ʻōnaehana pale, e like me nā cell T cytotoxic, e kamaʻāina me kahi ʻenemi (e like me kahi virus a bacteria paha) i mea e luku ai iā ia. ʻO ia hoʻi, pono lākou e loaʻa kekahi hoʻomaʻamaʻa a me ka hoʻomanaʻo e pili ana i kēlā ʻenemi.
Akā, ʻaʻole pono kā mākou mau mea ʻōlelo, ʻo nā 'NK cells', i kekahi hoʻomaʻamaʻa mua a i ʻole ka ʻike ʻana. Hiki iā lākou ke luku i kekahi cell e hoʻoweliweli iā lākou i ka wā e ʻike ai lākou, me ka ʻike ʻole ʻia. Ua like lākou me kahi ʻīlio kiaʻi akamai e ʻike maoli ana i kahi ʻaihue a lele ma luna ona i ka wā e komo mai ai kahi ʻaihue i loko o ka hale.
He aha ka mea e hana maoli ai me kēia mau pūnaewele NK?
ʻO ka hana nui o nā pūnaewele `NK` ʻo ia ka luku ʻana i nā pūnaewele i olakino mua akā i kēia manawa he mea hoʻoweliweli i ko mākou kino. ʻO kēia ka mea nui:
- Nā pūnaewele i loaʻa i ka maʻi: Ke komo kahi maʻi i loko o ke kino, komo ia i loko o kā mākou mau pūnaewele olakino a lawe i ke kaohi iā lākou. Hiki i nā pūnaewele `NK` ke ʻike i kēia mau hale hana maʻi a luku iā lākou ma mua o ka laha hou ʻana o ka maʻi.
- Nā hunaola kanesa: Loaʻa i nā hunaola NK ka hiki kupaianaha ke ʻike a luku i kekahi mau hunaola kanesa e ulu ana i loko o ko kākou kino i ka wā mua. No laila, he kuleana koʻikoʻi kēia mau hunaola i ka pale ʻana i ka laha ʻana o ka maʻi kanesa.
He ʻāpana koʻikoʻi loa kēia mau pūnaewele `NK` o kā mākou ʻōnaehana pale kūlohelohe. ʻO kēia ʻōnaehana pale kūlohelohe ka laina pale mua o ko mākou kino. E noʻonoʻo i ko mākou kino e like me kahi pā kaua. ʻO nā paia o kēlā pā kaua (ko mākou ʻili) a me nā ʻauwai (nā membrane mucous) nā mea mua e pale ai i nā germs mai ke komo ʻana. Akā inā hele kekahi ʻenemi ma mua o kēlā mau pale a komo, ʻo ka ʻāpana pūʻali koa mua e hele i ke kaua ʻo ia kēia ʻōnaehana pale kūlohelohe. ʻO nā koa maikaʻi loa ma kēlā hui ʻo ia nā pūnaewele `NK`.
ʻOiai ʻo kā lākou hana nui ka pepehi kanaka, he hana koʻikoʻi ʻē aʻe ko nā pūnaewele NK. ʻO ia ke kamaʻilio ʻana. Hoʻokuʻu lākou i nā protein kūikawā i kapa ʻia ʻo cytokines. Ua like kēia me nā leka. Ke haʻi aku nei kēia mau leka i nā pūnaewele ʻē aʻe i loko o ka ʻōnaehana pale, "Aia kahi ʻenemi ma ʻaneʻi, e hele mai e kōkua."
ʻAe, pehea lā e hana ai kēia mau pūnaewele NK?
He hana hoihoi loa kēia. Ke holoholo mau nei nā pūnaewele `NK` i ko mākou kino. I kā lākou hana ʻana pēlā, "scan" lākou i kēlā me kēia pūnaewele a lākou e hālāwai ai, me ka nīnau ʻana, "He pūnaewele olakino anei kēia na kākou a he pūnaewele weliweli paha?" ʻO ka hoʻoholo inā e luku kahi pūnaewele `NK` i kahi pūnaewele a i ʻole ʻaʻole paha, aia ia i nā hōʻailona āna e loaʻa ai a i ʻole ʻaʻole mai ke kelepona āna e scan nei (e kapa kākou iā ia ʻo ke 'kelepona i manaʻo ʻia').
Nui nā mea loaʻa ma ka ʻili o kahi pūnaewele NK hiki ke hoʻoulu a kāohi i ka luku ʻia ʻana o kahi pūnaewele.
Pehea mākou e ʻike ai i nā ʻāpana olakino a pale aku i ka hōʻino ʻana iā lākou? (Kaohi)
Aneane kēlā me kēia ʻāpana olakino i loko o ko kākou kino he kāleka ID ma kona ʻili e ʻōlelo ana, "He ʻāpana olakino wau e pili ana i kēia kino." Ua kapa ʻia kēia ʻo MHC-1 . Ke hele kahi ʻāpana NK e kiaʻi, ke hālāwai ia me kahi ʻāpana, nānā ia no kēia kāleka ID MHC-1.
Inā pololei ka ID, ʻo ia hoʻi ke olakino o ke kelepona, hoʻopaʻa ka MHC-1 i ka mea hoʻokipa pale ma ke kelepona NK. Ua like ia me kahi kiaʻi e nānā ana i ka ID a ʻōlelo aku, "ʻAe, hiki iā ʻoe ke hele." I kēlā manawa, pio wale ke kaʻina pepehi ʻana o ke kelepona NK. No laila, hele ke kelepona NK e nānā i ke kelepona aʻe me ka ʻole o ka hōʻeha ʻana i ke kelepona olakino.
Pehea ʻoe e hoʻoholo ai e luku i nā pūnaewele weliweli? (Hoʻāla ʻana)
Komo kahi pūnaewele `NK` i ke kaua ma nā kūlana e like me kēia:
- Ke nalowale ke kāleka ID (MHC-1): ʻO nā pūnaewele i loaʻa i kahi maʻi a me kekahi mau pūnaewele maʻi kanesa e hūnā i kēia kāleka ID i kapa ʻia ʻo `MHC-1`. ʻO ia ke pale ʻana i ka ʻōnaehana pale. Akā, he maalea loa nā pūnaewele `NK`. I ko lākou ʻike ʻana i kahi pūnaewele me ka ʻole o kahi kāleka ID, hoʻoholo lākou he mea kānalua ia a hoʻouka iā ia.
- Ke emi iho nei ke kāleka ʻike (MHC-1): I kekahi manawa, ʻaʻole nalowale loa ka `MHC-1` o kahi cell, akā, emi iho ka nui. He hōʻailona hoʻomaopopo nō hoʻi kēlā i nā cell `NK`.
- I ka loaʻa ʻana o nā hōʻailona hoʻāla:Hoʻopuka kekahi mau pūnaewele i loaʻa i ka maʻi a me nā pūnaewele kanesa i nā hōʻailona kūikawā ʻē aʻe ma ko lākou ʻili e ʻōlelo ana "He mea weliweli wau." Ke kiʻi ʻia kēia mau hōʻailona e nā 'mea loaʻa hoʻāla' ma nā pūnaewele NK, hoʻomaka ke kaʻina pepehi.
Ma hope o ka hoʻoholo ʻana e luku i kahi cell, hoʻohana ka cell NK i ʻelua mau mea kaua kemika ikaika loa.
1. Perforin: Hoʻokumu kēia i kahi lua ma waho o ke keena i manaʻo ʻia.
2. Nā Granzymes: Hoʻouna ʻia kēia mau enzymes i kapa ʻia ʻo 'granzymes' ma o ka lua i hana ʻia. Ke komo kēia mau mea, ua luku ʻia ke kelepona i manaʻo ʻia mai loko mai.
Ma hope o ka hoʻopau ʻana i kēia hana, hoʻouna ka pūnaewele NK i nā leka (ma o nā cytokines) i nā poʻe ʻē aʻe e hele mai e hoʻomaʻemaʻe a ʻike inā he mau ʻenemi hou aku.
Aia ma hea kēia mau pūnaewele NK i loko o ko kākou kino?
Hoʻomaka mua nā pūnaewele NK i loko o ko kākou iwi iwi. ʻO ia ka ʻāpana huʻa i loko o ko kākou mau iwi nui. Ma hope o ka hoʻomohala ʻana ma laila, noho kekahi mau pūnaewele NK i loko o ka iwi iwi. Hele kekahi i nā ʻano kino like ʻole e pili ana i kā kākou ʻōnaehana lymphatic. Eia kekahi laʻana:
- Nā kikowaena lymph
- ʻŌpū
- Nā ʻōpū
- ʻO ka Timus
Ke oʻo kēia mau mea i loko o nā pūnaewele NK, hoʻokuʻu ʻia lākou i loko o ke kahe koko. ʻO ia ke kumu he nui kēia mau pūnaewele i loko o ko kākou koko. Eia kekahi, hiki ke loaʻa kēia mau pūnaewele NK i loko o nā ʻōpū e like me ke akepaʻa a me nā māmā. ʻO ka maʻamau, aia ma mua o 2 biliona mau pūnaewele NK i loko o ke kino o kahi pākeke i kēlā me kēia manawa. Eia naʻe, he pōkole iki ko lākou ola, ma kahi o ʻelua pule.
He aha ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o nā pūnaewele NK a me nā pūnaewele Cytotoxic T?
ʻOiai ʻo kēia mau mea ʻelua he mau cell pepehi kanaka i loko o ka ʻōnaehana pale, ʻokoʻa kā lākou hana a me ka hana. No ka hoʻomaopopo pono ʻana i kēia ʻokoʻa, e nānā i ka papa ma lalo.
| Hiʻona | Nā pūnaewele pepehi kanaka kūlohelohe (NK) | Nā pūnaewele T Cytotoxic |
|---|---|---|
| ʻŌnaehana pale ponoʻī | ʻŌnaehana pale kūlohelohe - ka hui pane koke mua. | ʻŌnaehana pale hoʻololi -Hui i hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia no nā ʻenemi kikoʻī. |
| Ke ʻike ʻana i nā ʻenemi | ʻAʻole pono ka ʻike mua e luku ai i ka ʻenemi. E hoʻouka ʻia kekahi pūnaewele kānalua. | Hoʻouka wale ke kino i kahi ʻenemi i ʻike mua ʻia. |
| Ka wikiwiki o ka pane ʻana | Wikiwiki loa. Hana i loko o 3 lā o ka maʻi. | Lohi iki. Ma kahi o hoʻokahi pule e ʻike ai i ka ʻenemi a hana i nā pūnaewele T kūikawā. |
| ʻAno o ka hoʻouka kaua | E like me ka mākaʻi maʻamau. Ke kū nei i kekahi hoʻoweliweli . | He hoʻouka kaua i kuhikuhi ʻia. Hoʻouka wale i kahi ʻenemi i ʻike ʻia . |
He aha nā maʻi i hoʻokumu ʻia e nā pilikia me nā pūnaewele NK?
ʻO ka lawa ʻole o nā pūnaewele NK i loko o ko kākou kino, a i ʻole ka loaʻa ʻole o nā pūnaewele i hana pono ʻole ʻia, he hoʻoweliweli nui ia i ko kākou olakino, no ka mea, e hōʻemi ana ia i ko kākou hiki ke hakakā i nā maʻi a me ke kanesa.
Ua ʻike ʻia e ka noiʻi hiki i nā loli i ka hana o nā pūnaewele NK ke hoʻoulu i nā maʻi like ʻole.
- Nā maʻi Autoimmune: I loko o kēia mau maʻi, hoʻouka kā mākou ʻōnaehana pale i kā mākou mau cell olakino ponoʻī. Ua manaʻoʻiʻo ʻia ʻo ka hana pono ʻole o nā cell `NK` e hiki ke kōkua i kēia kūlana.
- Asthma: Hāʻawi nā pūnaewele NK i ka kaohi ʻana a i ʻole ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka mumū i loko o nā alaloa i ka hānō.
- ʻO ka maʻi ʻōpū mumū (IBD): Pili nā pūnaewele NK i ka pane mumū o ke kino i nā maʻi bacteria i loko o ka ʻōpala digestive.
Eia kekahi, aia ʻelua mau kīnā genetic i hānau ʻia e pili pono ana i nā pūnaewele NK.
1. Classical Natural Killer Cell Deficiency (NKD): ʻO ka poʻe me kēia maʻi he kakaikahi loa a ʻaʻohe paha o lākou mau pūnaewele NK i loko o ko lākou koko.
2. Ka hemahema o nā cell pepehi kanaka kūlohelohe (NKD):ʻOiai ua lawa nā pūnaewele `NK` ma ʻaneʻi, ua nāwaliwali loa ka hana a kēlā mau pūnaewele, ʻo ia hoʻi, ko lākou hiki ke luku i nā pūnaewele.
ʻOi aku ka nui o ka pilikia o ka poʻe me nā maʻi ʻelua i ka loaʻa pinepine ʻana, ʻoiai nā maʻi viral. No ka laʻana, hiki i ka HPV, herpes, cytomegalovirus (CMV), a me ka maʻi e hoʻoulu ai i ka chickenpox ke loaʻa ka hopena koʻikoʻi.
ʻO ka mea nui loa, inā he kānalua kou no ka loaʻa ʻana o ia mau maʻi kakaikahi, pono i kāu kauka ke hoʻoholo. Inā loaʻa pinepine iā ʻoe nā maʻi ʻokoʻa, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ke kamaʻilio ʻana me ke kauka e pili ana i ia mea.
Leka Lawe-Home
- ʻO nā pūnaewele pepehi kanaka kūlohelohe (NK) he hui o nā commandos kūikawā i loko o kā mākou ʻōnaehana pale e hakakā ana i nā pūnaewele maʻi kanesa a me nā pūnaewele i loaʻa i ka maʻi.
- ʻO kēia nā lālā koʻikoʻi o ka laina pale mua o ko mākou kino, ʻo ia hoʻi ka ʻōnaehana pale kūlohelohe.
- ʻAʻole e like me nā pūnaewele pale ʻē aʻe, ʻaʻole pono nā pūnaewele NK i ka ʻike mua e luku ai i ka ʻenemi, no laila hiki iā lākou ke hana wikiwiki loa.
- He mea nui ka lawa ʻana o nā pūnaewele NK olakino a hana pono i loko o ke kino no ka pale ʻana i nā maʻi koʻikoʻi.
- Inā loaʻa i kekahi nā maʻi hoʻomau a koʻikoʻi loa, he mea nui e hoʻomaopopo i ke kauka i hiki i ke kauka ke nānā i ka hana o ka ʻōnaehana pale maʻi, inā pono.
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