E aʻo wale kākou e pili ana i nā ʻelele liʻiliʻi i loko o ko kākou kino: (Neurotransmitters)?

Pehea ʻoe? I kekahi manawa hauʻoli loa ʻoe, a i kekahi manawa kaumaha a huhū paha ʻoe, ʻeā? A i ʻole ua waiho ʻia ʻoe e ʻūlū ana i kou poʻo ma hope o ka poina ʻana i kahi mea āu i aʻo nui ai i kahi hoʻokolohua? ʻO kēia mau mea a pau ma muli o nā ʻelele liʻiliʻi akā koʻikoʻi loa e hana ana i loko o ko kākou kino. E kamaʻilio mākou e pili ana iā lākou i kēia lā.

He aha kēia mau mea (Neurotransmitters)?

I ka ʻōlelo maʻalahi, ʻo nā neurotransmitters kahi ʻano ʻelele kemika e pono ai ko kākou kino . Ua like lākou me nā kāne liʻiliʻi e hana ana ma ke keʻena leka o ko kākou kino. ʻO kā lākou hana ka lawe ʻana i nā hōʻailona kemika, a i ʻole nā ​​​​leka, mai kekahi cell nerve (neuron) i kekahi cell target. Hiki i kēia cell target ke lilo i cell nerve ʻē aʻe, a i ʻole he cell muscle a i ʻole gland.

Ua uhi ʻia ko kākou kino i kahi pūnaewele o nā aʻalolo. Kāhea mākou i kēia ʻōnaehana aʻalolo . Ua like ia me kahi pūnaewele o nā uea uila e holo ana ma ka ʻāina. Hoʻouna a loaʻa kēia ʻōnaehana aʻalolo i nā hōʻailona uila i a mai kēlā me kēia ʻāpana o ko kākou kino. ʻAʻole ia e kāohi wale i kāu mea e noʻonoʻo ai, pehea ʻoe e manaʻo ai, pehea e neʻe ai kou mau ʻiʻo, akā pehea hoʻi e hana ai kou mau ʻōpū. I nā huaʻōlelo ʻē aʻe, pili kēia mau aʻalolo i nā mea āpau āu e hana ai, noʻonoʻo ai, a me ka manaʻo. Loaʻa a hoʻouna ʻia e kā mākou mau hunaola aʻalolo ka ʻike mai nā wahi a pau o ke kino. ʻO kēia hoʻololi mau ʻana o ka ʻike ka mea e kōkua ai i ka mālama pono ʻana o ke kino.

He aha nā mea e hoʻomalu ai nā aʻalolo a me nā neurotransmitters i loko o ko kākou kino?

ʻĀnō e nānā i ka nui o nā mea a kēia mau ʻelele liʻiliʻi e pili ana:

• Hoʻokele ia i kou puʻuwai a me ke koko .
• Kōkua ia iā ʻoe e hanu .
• Hoʻoponopono pū lākou i nā neʻe ʻana o nā ʻiʻo .
• He hopena nui ko lākou i kou mau manaʻo, hoʻomanaʻo, aʻo ʻana, a me nā manaʻo . E noʻonoʻo e pili ana i ia mea, i kekahi manawa hauʻoli loa mākou, i kekahi manawa kaumaha mākou, makaʻu. Pili lākou i kēia mau mea a pau.
• Hoʻomalu pū ia i nā kaʻina hana o ka hiamoe, ka ho'ōla ʻana o nā ʻeha, a me ka ʻelemakule .
• Hoʻoholo lākou i ka pane koʻikoʻi . Kōkua kēia poʻe i ke ʻano o ka pane ʻana o ke kino ke makaʻu a hopohopo paha kekahi.
• Hoʻoponopono i nā hormones .
• Hoʻokele ia i ka ʻai ʻana, ka pōloli, a me ka make wai .
• ʻO lākou ka poʻe e pane mai i ko kākou mau manaʻo ʻelima (ʻike, lohe, manaʻo, hoʻopā, a me ka hoʻāʻo ʻana).

Pehea e hana ai nā neurotransmitters?

He piliona mau hunaola aʻalolo i loko o ko kākou kino. He mea kupaianaha ia, ʻeā? Inā ʻoe e lawe i kēia hunaola aʻalolo, he ʻekolu ona ʻāpana nui:

• Kino kelepona: He mea nui loa kēia no ka hana ʻana o nā neurotransmitters a no ka hana pono ʻana o ke kelepona nerve.
• ʻAxon: He ʻāpana lōʻihi e like me ka huelo o ka neuron e lawe ana i nā hōʻailona uila ma ke ala o ka neuron i ka hopena axon.
• Kikowaena Axon:ʻO kēia kahi e lilo ai kēlā leka uila i leka kemika. Kōkua ʻia kēia e (Neurotransmitters). A laila hoʻouna ʻia kēia leka kemika i ke kelepona nerve aʻe, ke kelepona ʻiʻo, a i ʻole ke gland.

Aia nā neurotransmitters ma ka hopena o ke axon o ke kelepona nerve. Mālama ʻia lākou i loko o nā ʻeke liʻiliʻi, lahilahi ka paia i kapa ʻia ʻo synaptic vesicles . Hiki i kahi ʻeke hoʻokahi ke loaʻa nā tausani o nā molekala neurotransmitter. E noʻonoʻo e like me nā ʻeke liʻiliʻi.

I kēia manawa, ke hele kahi leka a i ʻole ka hōʻailona ma kahi cell nerve, ʻo ka uku uila i loko o kēlā hōʻailona ke kumu o ka neurotransmitter e hoʻopaʻa i ka membrane o ke cell nerve, ma ka hopena o ke cell. A laila, hoʻokuʻu ʻia nā neurotransmitters e lawe nei i ka leka mai ka axon terminal. Hoʻokuʻu ʻia kēia i loko o kahi hakahaka liʻiliʻi i piha i ka wai ma waena o hoʻokahi cell nerve a me ke cell target aʻe (hiki ke lilo i kekahi cell nerve ʻē aʻe, kahi cell muscle, a i ʻole gland). He liʻiliʻi loa kēia hakahaka, ʻaʻole i emi ma mua o 40 nanometers (nm). Inā ʻoe e noʻonoʻo e pili ana i ka liʻiliʻi o kēia hakahaka, ʻo kahi kaula o kou lauoho ma kahi o 75,000 nanometers ka laulā.

Ua kapa ʻia kēia wahi liʻiliʻi ʻo ka synaptic junction . ʻO kēia kahi e lawe ai nā neurotransmitters i ka leka. Hoʻopaʻa kēlā me kēia ʻano neurotransmitter i kahi receptor kikoʻī ma ke kelepona i manaʻo ʻia. E like me ke kī hiki ke wehe ʻia ma ke kau ʻana iā ia i loko o kahi kī kī kikoʻī. Ke hoʻopaʻa ʻia, hoʻoulu ka neurotransmitter i kahi hoʻololi a hana paha i loko o ke kelepona i manaʻo ʻia. No ka laʻana, hiki iā ia ke hana i kahi kelepona nerve ʻē aʻe e hoʻā i kahi hōʻailona uila, kahi ʻiʻo e ʻaelike, a i ʻole kahi gland e hoʻokuʻu i kahi hormone.

He aha ke ʻano o ka leka a nā neurotransmitters e hoʻouna ai i ke kelepona i manaʻo ʻia?

Hoʻokō kēia mau ʻelele, a i ʻole neurotransmitters, i kekahi o nā hana nui ʻekolu me kā lākou mau leka, ma muli o ke ʻano o ka neurotransmitter i komo.

• Nā leka hoʻonāukiuki: ʻO kēia ʻano neurotransmitters e "hoʻonāukiuki" i kahi cell nerve a " hoʻouna i ka leka ." ʻO ia hoʻi, hele ka leka i ke kelepona aʻe. ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona e komo pū me Glutamate , Epinephrine, a me Norepinephrine .
• Nā leka hoʻōki: Hoʻohana ʻia kēia mau mea e hoʻōki a ālai paha i ka leka kemika mai ka hele ʻana aku. ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona o kēia mau neurotransmitters e komo pū ana me ka gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) , glycine, a me ka serotonin.
• Nā leka hoʻololi: Hoʻopili kēia mau mea (neurotransmitters) i nā hopena o nā ʻelele kemika ʻē aʻe. E like me ka "hoʻololi iki ʻana iā lākou." ʻO ia hoʻi, hana lākou i nā hoʻololi liʻiliʻi i ke ʻano o ke kamaʻilio ʻana o nā cell ma ka synapse. Eia kekahi, hoʻopilikia lākou i ka nui o nā cell nerve i ka manawa like.

He aha ka mea e hana ʻia i nā neurotransmitters ma hope o ka hāʻawi ʻia ʻana o ka leka?

ʻAe, i kēia manawa ua hāʻawi nā neurotransmitters i kā lākou leka. He aha ka mea e hana ʻia ma hope? Pono kēia mau molekala e haʻalele i kēlā māwae synaptic (ka hakahaka ma waena o hoʻokahi cell nerve a me kāna cell target aʻe). A i ʻole, e hoʻomau lākou i ka hoʻouna ʻana i nā leka, ʻeā? Hana ʻia kēia ma ʻekolu mau ʻano nui:

• Nalo mālie lākou (hoʻolaha) .
• Hoʻopili hou ʻia a hoʻohana hou ʻia e ka ʻaʻalolo like i hoʻokuʻu iā lākou (reuptake) , me he mea lā e hana hou ʻia ana.
• Hoʻopau nā enzymes i loko o ka synapse iā ia (degradation) , e hiki ʻole ai iā ia ke hoʻopaʻa hou i ka cell receptor.

Ehia mau ʻano o nā neurotransmitters i laila?

Ua ʻike nā kānaka ʻepekema i kēia manawa ma ka liʻiliʻi he 100 mau ʻano neurotransmitters. A ua manaʻoʻiʻo ʻia he nui aku nā mea e ʻike ʻia. Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia lākou e like me ko lākou ʻano kemika. E nānā kākou i kekahi o nā ʻano koʻikoʻi a mākou e lohe pinepine ai, nā hiʻohiʻona o nā neurotransmitters nona lākou, a me kā lākou mau hana.

Nā waikawa amino (Neurotransmitters)

Pili kēia mau mea (nā neurotransmitters) i nā hana he nui o kā mākou ʻōnaehana nerve.

• Glutamate: ʻO kēia ka neurotransmitter nui i loko o kā mākou ʻōnaehana nerve. Nui loa ia i loko o ka lolo. He mea nui ia no nā hana cognitive koʻikoʻi e like me ka noʻonoʻo ʻana, ke aʻo ʻana, a me ka hoʻomanaʻo. Ua pili nā kaulike ʻole o nā pae glutamate i ka maʻi Alzheimer , dementia , maʻi Parkinson, a me nā hopu ʻana .
• ʻO ka Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA): ʻO GABA ka neurotransmitter inhibitory nui i loko o kā mākou ʻōnaehana nerve, ʻoi aku hoʻi i ka lolo. Hoʻoponopono ia i ka hana o ka lolo a pale i nā pilikia e like me ka hopohopo , ka huhū, ka paʻakikī o ka noʻonoʻo ʻana, ka insomnia, ka maʻi epilepsy, a me ke kaumaha .
• ʻO Glycine: ʻO Glycine ka neurotransmitter inhibitory nui i loko o ko kākou iwi kuamoʻo. Pili ʻo Glycine i ka hana ʻana o ka ʻike lohe, ka hoʻoili ʻana i ka ʻeha, a me ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka metabolism.

Nā Monoamines (Neurotransmitters)

Hana kēia mau mea (Neurotransmitters) i nā hana like ʻole i loko o kā mākou ʻōnaehana nerve, ʻoi aku hoʻi i ka lolo. Hoʻoponopono lākou i ka ʻike, ka ʻike, ka nānā ʻana, a me nā manaʻo. Pili nā maʻi he nui o ka ʻōnaehana nerve i nā ʻano ʻē i loko o kēia mau monoamines (Neurotransmitters). Eia kekahi, hoʻopilikia ka nui o nā lāʻau lapaʻau a mākou e hoʻohana pinepine ai i kēia mau mea (Neurotransmitters).

• Serotonin: He neurotransmitter ʻo Serotonin. Kōkua ʻo Serotonin i ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ko mākou ʻano, nā ʻano hiamoe, ka moekolohe, ka hopohopo, ka makemake, a me ka ʻeha. ʻO nā maʻi e pili ana me ka serotonin imbalance:ʻO ka maʻi hoʻopilikia kau, ka hopohopo, ke kaumaha, ka fibromyalgia, a me ka ʻeha mau. ʻO nā lāʻau lapaʻau e mālama ai i kēia mau kūlana ma ka kaohi ʻana i ka serotonin ua kapa ʻia ʻo SSRIs (Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors) a me SNRIs (Serotonin-Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors) .
• Histamine: Hoʻomalu ka Histamine i nā mea e like me ke ala ʻana, ke ʻano ʻai, a me ka hoʻoikaika ʻana i ke kino. Pili ka Histamine i nā kūlana e like me ka hānō , bronchospasm, mucosal edema, a me ka sclerosis maha .
• Dopamine: Pili ka Dopamine i ka "ʻōnaehana uku" o ko mākou kino. ʻO ia hoʻi ka manaʻo leʻaleʻa, ka hoʻoulu nui ʻia, a me ke aʻo ʻana. Kōkua pū ka Dopamine me ka nānā ʻana, ka hoʻomanaʻo, ka hiamoe, ke ʻano, a me ka hoʻoikaika. ʻO nā maʻi e pili ana i ka hana ʻole i loko o ka ʻōnaehana dopamine e komo pū me ka maʻi Parkinson , schizophrenia , ka maʻi bipolar , ka restless legs syndrome , a me ka attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) . He nui nā lāʻau hoʻohui (e like me ka cocaine, methamphetamine, a me nā amphetamines) e hoʻopilikia pololei i ka ʻōnaehana dopamine.
• ʻEpinephrine: ʻO ka ʻEpinephrine (i kapa ʻia hoʻi ʻo adrenaline) a me ka norepinephrine (ʻoi aku ka nui ma kēia ma lalo) nā mea e hoʻoulu ai i ka " pane hakakā a lele paha " o ko mākou kino i ka makaʻu a me ke kaumaha. Hoʻonui kēia mau neurotransmitters i ko mākou puʻuwai, ka hanu ʻana, ke koko, nā pae kō koko, ke kahe koko i nā ʻiʻo, a me ko mākou hiki ke nānā a pane i nā mea hoʻoluhi like ʻole. ʻO ka nui o ka epinephrine hiki ke alakaʻi i nā pilikia olakino e like me ke koko kiʻekiʻe, ka maʻi diabetes, a me nā maʻi puʻuwai. Ma ke ʻano he lāʻau lapaʻau, hoʻohana ʻia ka epinephrine e mālama i ka anaphylaxis (kahi hopena maʻi koʻikoʻi), nā hoʻouka ʻana o ka hānō, nā hoʻouka ʻana o ka puʻuwai, a me nā maʻi koʻikoʻi.
• Norepinephrine: Hoʻonui ka Norepinephrine (i ʻike ʻia hoʻi ʻo noradrenaline) i ke koko a me ka helu o ka puʻuwai. Ua ʻike ʻia no kona hopena ma ka makaʻala, ka hoʻāla ʻana, ka hoʻoholo ʻana, ka nānā ʻana, a me ka noʻonoʻo ʻana. Hana nā lāʻau lapaʻau he nui (nā mea hoʻoulu a me nā antidepressants) ma ka hoʻonui ʻana i nā pae norepinephrine e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka nānā ʻana i nā kūlana e like me ADHD, a i ʻole ma ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka norepinephrine e hōʻemi i nā hōʻailona o ke kaumaha.

Nā Peptides (Neurotransmitters)

ʻO ka peptide kahi ʻano polymer, a i ʻole kaulahao, o nā waikawa amino.

• Nā Endorphins:ʻO nā Endorphins nā mea hoʻomaha ʻeha kūlohelohe o ko mākou kino. Hoʻopilikia lākou i ke ʻano o ko mākou ʻeha. Ke hoʻokuʻu ʻia nā endorphins, hoʻemi lākou i ka ʻeha a hana i kahi manaʻo "manaʻo maikaʻi". Hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia nā pae haʻahaʻa o nā endorphins me ka fibromyalgia a me kekahi mau ʻano poʻo ʻeha.

ʻAsetilokolina

Hana nui kēia neurotransmitter i loko o kā mākou ʻōnaehana nerve waena (CNS - lolo a me ke kaula spinal) a me ka ʻōnaehana nerve peripheral (nā aʻalolo e puka ana mai ka ʻōnaehana nerve waena). Hoʻokuʻu ʻia ʻo Acetylcholine mai nā aʻalolo he nui i loko o kā mākou ʻōnaehana nerve autonomic, ka mea e kaohi ana i ka helu o ka puʻuwai, ke koko, a me ka neʻe ʻana o ka ʻōpū. Pili ʻo Acetylcholine i ka ʻūlū ʻana o nā ʻiʻo, ka hoʻomanaʻo, ka hoʻoikaika ʻana, ka makemake moekolohe, ka hiamoe, a me ke aʻo ʻana. Hoʻopili ʻia nā kaulike ʻole i nā pae acetylcholine i nā pilikia olakino e like me ka maʻi Alzheimer , ka maʻi epilepsy, a me nā spasms ʻiʻo.

He aha nā kumu i hana pono ʻole ai kahi neurotransmitter?

Hiki i nā mea he nui ke hele hewa a hana i nā neurotransmitters ʻaʻole e hana pono. ʻO ka maʻamau, aia kekahi mau pilikia e like me kēia:

• Nui a liʻiliʻi paha ka hana ʻana a hoʻokuʻu ʻana paha o hoʻokahi a ʻoi aku paha o nā neurotransmitters.
• ʻAʻole hana pono ka mea loaʻa i loko o ke kelepona (aʻalolo, ʻiʻo, a i ʻole ke kele) e loaʻa ana ka leka . A laila, ʻaʻole hiki i ka neurotransmitter e hana maʻamau ke hōʻailona pono i ke kelepona aʻe.
• ʻO ka mumū a me ka hōʻino ʻana i ka māhele synaptic e pale aku i nā mea loaʻa o ke kelepona mai ka loaʻa ʻana o nā neurotransmitters lawa (laʻana: kahi kūlana i kapa ʻia ʻo myasthenia gravis ).
• (Neurotransmitters) Hoʻihoʻi wikiwiki .
• Hoʻopau nā enzymes i ka nui o nā neurotransmitters , e hōʻemi ana i ko lākou hele ʻana i ka cell target.

Hiki ke hoʻopilikia ʻia nā neurotransmitter e nā pilikia me nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe o ka ʻōnaehana nerve, nā maʻi e kū nei, a i ʻole nā ​​​​lāʻau lapaʻau āu e lawe ai. Eia kekahi, ke hana pono ʻole nā ​​​​neurotransmitters, hiki ke ulu nā maʻi. Eia kekahi laʻana:

• ʻO ka acetylcholine lawa ʻole ke kumu o ka nalowale o ka hoʻomanaʻo i ʻike ʻia ma ka maʻi o Alzheimer .
• Hiki ke pili i nā pae serotonin kiʻekiʻe me nā maʻi autism spectrum .
• ʻO ka hoʻonui ʻia ʻana o ka hana glutamate a i ʻole ka emi ʻana o ka hana GABA hiki ke hoʻoulu koke i ka puhi nui ʻana o nā neurons i loko o ka lolo, e hopena ai i nā hopu ʻana .
• ʻO ka hoʻonui ʻia o ka hana o ka norepinephrine a me ka dopamine a me nā mea ʻino i ka hoʻoili ʻana o ka glutamate ke kumu o ka mania.Kōkua i ke kūlana.

Pehea e hoʻopili ai nā lāʻau lapaʻau i ka hana o nā neurotransmitters?

Ua ʻike nā kānaka ʻepekema i ka waiwai a me ke kuleana o nā neurotransmitters i loko o kā mākou ʻōnaehana nerve. Ua ʻike pū lākou i ke koʻikoʻi o ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā lāʻau lapaʻau e hiki ke hoʻopili i kēia mau ʻelele kemika e mālama i nā kūlana olakino he nui. Hana nā lāʻau lapaʻau he nui, ʻoiai nā mea e mālama ai i nā maʻi lolo, ma ka hoʻopili ʻana i nā neurotransmitters ma nā ʻano like ʻole.

E noʻonoʻo e pili ana i ia mea, ua like kekahi mau lāʻau lapaʻau me nā mākaʻi kaʻa. I kekahi manawa pani lākou i nā alanui e hōʻemi i ke kaʻa, i kekahi manawa hoʻokuʻu lākou i nā kaʻa e hele. Hana like nā lāʻau lapaʻau me nā neurotransmitters.

Hiki i nā lāʻau lapaʻau ke:

• E ālai i ka enzyme e wāwahi ana i kahi neurotransmitter, e ʻae ana i ka nui o kēlā neurotransmitter e hiki i nā mea loaʻa aʻalolo.
• Eia kekahi laʻana: ʻO Donepezil, Galantamine, a me Rivastigmine e ālai i ka enzyme acetylcholinesterase, ka mea e wāwahi ai i ka neurotransmitter acetylcholine. Hoʻohana ʻia kēia mau lāʻau lapaʻau e hoʻopaʻa a hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hoʻomanaʻo a me ka hana noʻonoʻo i nā poʻe me ka maʻi Alzheimer a me nā maʻi neurodegenerative ʻē aʻe.

• E ālai i ka neurotransmitter mai ka hiki ʻana i kona wahi receptor.
• Laʻana: ʻO nā SSRI (Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors) he papa lāʻau lapaʻau e ālai ana i ka reuptake o ka serotonin i loko o nā hunaola nerve. Hiki i kēia mau lāʻau lapaʻau ke kōkua i ka mālama ʻana i ke kaumaha, ka hopohopo, a me nā kūlana olakino noʻonoʻo ʻē aʻe.

• E ālai i ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana o kahi neurotransmitter mai kahi pūnaewele nerve.
• Laʻana: ʻO Lithium, kahi lāʻau lapaʻau i hoʻohana ʻia e mālama i ka mania, hana ma ke ālai ʻana i ka hoʻokuʻu ʻia ʻana o ka norepinephrine, i kekahi ʻano. Hoʻohana ʻia ia e mālama i ka maʻi bipolar .

ʻO ka mea nui loa āu e hoʻomanaʻo ai (Leka Lawe-Home)

No laila, ua maopopo paha iā ʻoe he mau ʻelele liʻiliʻi koʻikoʻi nā neurotransmitters e pili ana i kēlā me kēia hana i loko o ko mākou kino. I ka ʻōlelo maʻalahi, ʻo lākou nā ʻelele kemika e lawe ana i ka leka o kahi aʻalolo mai kekahi cell nerve a i kekahi. Me ka ʻole o nā neurotransmitters, ʻaʻole hiki i ko mākou kino ke hana.

ʻO ka nui a i ʻole ka liʻiliʻi o kekahi neurotransmitter hiki ke alakaʻi i nā pilikia olakino like ʻole. Hana ka nui o nā lāʻau lapaʻau a mākou e lawe ai e hoʻonui a hoʻemi paha i ka nui a i ʻole ka hana o kēia mau neurotransmitters.

No laila, inā loaʻa iā ʻoe kekahi ʻeha noʻonoʻo, nā pilikia hoʻomanaʻo, ka hiamoe ʻole, a inā ʻike ʻoe i kahi loli i kāu ʻano, mai kānalua e kamaʻilio me ke kauka. Malia paha ma muli o ka loli o ka hana o kēia mau mea (neurotransmitters). Aia nā lāʻau lapaʻau kūpono no kēlā.

Ke lana nei koʻu manaʻo e kōkua ka ʻike ʻana i kēia mau ʻelele kemika kupaianaha i loko o kou kino iā ʻoe e hoʻomaopopo maikaʻi i kou olakino!

Nā neurotransmitter, lolo, ʻōnaehana nerve, nā ʻelele kemika, olakino noʻonoʻo, nā manaʻo