Pono anei kākou e ʻike pono e pili ana i ke aʻalolo optic e hoʻoikaika ai i kā kākou ʻike?

Pehea ʻoe e heluhelu ai i kēia ʻatikala? Pehea ʻoe e ʻike ai i nā mea nani o ke ao a puni ʻoe, nā helehelena o kāu poʻe aloha? Ma hope o kēia mau mea a pau he pilina kupaianaha ma waena o ko kākou mau maka a me ko kākou lolo. ʻO ka mea nui e kūkulu ana i kēlā pilina, e hana ana e like me ke 'kaula ʻikepili', ʻo ia ke aʻalolo optic, a i ʻole ke aʻalolo optic . E kamaʻilio kākou e pili ana i kēia i kēia lā.

He aha maoli ke aʻalolo optic?

I ka ʻōlelo maʻalahi, ʻo ke aʻalolo optic he puʻupuʻu o nā miliona o nā olonā aʻalolo, e like me ke kaula i hana ʻia me nā uea uila he nui. Hoʻomaka kēia mau aʻalolo ma hope o ko mākou mau maka a pili pololei i ko mākou lolo.

ʻO ke ala maʻalahi loa kēia e noʻonoʻo ai pehea e hana ai.

• Ua like kou maka me ke kāmela.
• ʻO ka retina, ma ke kua o ka maka, ua like ia me ke sensor i loko o kēia kāmela. Hoʻomaopopo ia i ka mālamalama a hoʻololi i nā mea a mākou e ʻike ai i mau hōʻailona uila.
• Ua like ke aʻalolo optic me ke kaula e hoʻohui ai i ke kāmela a me ke kamepiula. ʻO ia hoʻi, ua lawe ʻia nā hōʻailona uila i hana ʻia ma ka retina i ke 'kamepiula' i kapa ʻia ʻo ka lolo ma o kēia aʻalolo optic.

ʻO kēia ka lua o nā aʻalolo cranial 12 e pili pono ana i ko kākou lolo. Akā, he ʻokoʻa iki kēia mai nā aʻalolo ʻē aʻe. No ka mea, ua manaʻo ʻia he ʻāpana ia o kā kākou Central Nervous System (CNS) , ʻo ia hoʻi, ka lolo a me ke kaula spinal. No ka Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) nā aʻalolo cranial ʻē aʻe.

Aia ma hea kēia aʻalolo optic?

He paʻakikī iki ka huakaʻi a kēia mau aʻalolo ʻelua, e hoʻomaka ana ma hope o kou mau maka a hele i kou lolo. Penei ke ʻano o ka huakaʻi:

1. ʻAla Maka: ʻO ka mea mua, komo kēia aʻalolo i loko o ko kākou iwi poʻo ma o kahi ana liʻiliʻi i hana ʻia me ka iwi i kapa ʻia ʻo ke aʻa maka.

2. Optic Chiasm: Ke komo i loko o ka iwi poʻo, aia kahi hui ʻano Y kahi e hui ai nā aʻalolo mai nā maka ʻelua. Maanei kahi mea kupaianaha e hana ʻia. Ua hoʻololi ʻia kekahi o nā olonā aʻalolo mai ka maka ʻākau i ka hema, a ua hoʻololi ʻia kekahi o nā olonā aʻalolo mai ka maka hema i ka ʻākau.

3. Lolo: Ma hope o kēia hui ʻana, hele pololei nā olonā aʻalolo i ka cortex ʻike maka , kahi wahi ma ke kua o ka lolo. Maanei mākou e wehewehe ai a kālailai i nā mea a mākou e ʻike ai he "kiʻi." ʻO kēia hoʻoili aʻalolo ka mea e hiki ai iā mākou ke hoʻohui i nā kiʻi mai nā maka ʻelua i hoʻokahi kiʻi 3D maopopo.

Aia kekahi mau hana ʻē aʻe ma waho aʻe o ka ʻike maka?

ʻAe, ʻoiaʻiʻo nō. Ma ke ala e hiki ai i ka lolo, e lālā ana kahi hapa liʻiliʻi o kēia mau olonā nerve i nā wahi ʻē aʻe. He mea nui kēia mau mea no nā mea e like me:

• Nā Pane ʻana o nā Pupil: E noʻonoʻo i ka wā e hele koke ai ʻoe i ka lā ʻālohilohi, e emi koke ana ka pupil o kou mau maka. A i kou komo ʻana i loko o kahi lumi pouli, e hoʻonui ʻia ia. Hana ʻia kēia e kāohi i ka nui o ka mālamalama e komo ana i ka maka. ʻOiai pono e hana koke ʻia kēia kaʻina hana, hoʻouna ʻia nā hōʻailona no ia mea e kēlā mau olonā nerve e māhele ana.
• ʻO ke ʻano o ka Accommodation Reflex: Ke nānā ʻoe i kahi puke i mua ou a laila nānā koke i kahi lāʻau ma kahi mamao, e ʻike maopopo ʻia ka lāʻau. ʻO kēia no ka mea e loli ke ʻano o ka lens i loko o ka maka, e hiki ai iā ia ke nānā pono i nā mea mamao a me nā mea kokoke. Pili pū ke aʻalolo optic i ka kaohi ʻana i kēia kaʻina hana.
• ʻO ke mele Circadian: I ka ʻōlelo maʻalahi, ʻo ia ka 'uaki olaola' o ko kākou kino. Hoʻomalu kēia uaki i ka wā e hiamoe ai kākou, i ka wā e ala ai kākou, a pehea e loli ai ka mahana o ko kākou kino a me ke koko i nā manawa like ʻole o ka lā. ʻO ka ʻike e pili ana i ka mālamalama e hele ana i ka lolo ma o ke aʻalolo optic e kōkua i kēia uaki e hoʻokaʻawale ma waena o ke ao a me ka pō.

He aha nā kūlana e hoʻopilikia ai i ke aʻalolo optic?

ʻO ka mea pōʻino, aia kekahi mau kūlana olakino e hiki ke hōʻino i kēia aʻalolo waiwai nui. Ua helu ʻia kekahi o lākou ma ka papa ma lalo nei.

Nā hōʻailona maʻamau o ka pilikia o ke aʻalolo optic

Ke loaʻa kahi pilikia me ke aʻalolo optic, hiki ke ʻike ʻia nā ʻano hōʻailona like ʻole. Hiki i kēia ke lilo i manawa pōkole a mau loa paha.

ʻO kekahi o nā hōʻailona i ʻike pinepine ʻia:

• ʻIke pōwehiwehi.
• Ka paʻakikī i ka ʻike ʻana i nā kala a i ʻole ka ʻike ʻana i nā kala ma ke ʻano ʻē aʻe.
• Ka ʻike ʻana i nā kiko ʻeleʻele a i ʻole nā ​​hakahaka ma ke kahua o ka ʻike (Nā Kiko Makapō) .
• ʻEha maka, ʻoiai i ka wā e hoʻoneʻe ai i nā maka.
• ʻIke ʻana i nā mea ʻelua i ka manawa hoʻokahi (ʻIke Pālua / Diplopia) .
• ʻIke ʻana i nā kukui uila i mua o nā maka (Photopsias) .
• Ua emi ka ʻike ʻana o ka ʻaoʻao peripheral.
• Ka emi koke ʻana a i ʻole ka nalowale piha ʻana o ka ʻike.

Pehea e hiki ai iā mākou ke pale i ko mākou aʻalolo optic?

Nui nā mea e hiki ai iā kākou ke hana e pale aku i kēia aʻalolo makamae a me ko kākou ʻike.

• E hoʻokolokolo maka maʻamau: ʻOiai inā ʻaʻole pono ʻoe e komo i nā aniani, ʻo ka nānā ʻana i kou mau maka ma ka liʻiliʻi hoʻokahi manawa i ka makahiki hiki ke kōkua i ka ʻike ʻana i nā maʻi e like me ka glaucoma i ka wā mua.
• E mālama i ke kaumaha olakino: He mea maikaʻi ka kaohi ʻana i ke kaumaha o ke kino no ke olakino holoʻokoʻa a no nā maka hoʻi.
• E ʻai i ka ʻai kaulike: E ʻai i nā meaʻai i loaʻa nā wikamina (ʻoi aku hoʻi nā wikamina B) a me nā minelala (e.g. keleawe) he mea nui no nā aʻalolo olakino.
• E kāohi i nā maʻi ʻē aʻe: Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe nā maʻi e like me ka maʻi diabetes a i ʻole ke koko kiʻekiʻe , e kāohi pono iā lākou e like me nā kuhikuhi a kāu kauka.He mea nui loa. Hiki i kēia mau maʻi ke hōʻeha nui i nā maka a me ke aʻalolo optic.
• Hōʻalo i ka puhipaka: ʻO ka puhipaka a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā huahana paka ʻē aʻe e hōʻino i nā kīʻaha koko palupalu e hoʻolako ana i ke koko i ke aʻalolo optic.
• E pale i kou mau maka a me kou poʻo: E ʻaʻahu i nā mahiole a me nā maka aniani palekana i ka wā e pāʻani ana i nā haʻuki, e hoʻohana ana i nā mīkini, a e holo paikikala ana.

Āhea wau e ʻike ai i ke kauka?

Inā ʻike ʻoe i kekahi mau loli mālie i kou ʻike, ka ʻeha maka, a i ʻole ka ʻike pohihihi, e ʻike i kāu kauka a i ʻole he ophthalmologist i ka hikiwawe loa.

Eia nō naʻe, inā loaʻa iā ʻoe kahi loli koke o ka ʻike a i ʻole ka nalowale o ka ʻike, mai hoʻowahāwahā iā ia. He pilikia olakino paha ia. E hele koke i ka ʻOihana Pilikia (ETU) o ka haukapila kokoke loa.

ʻO kēia pilina kupaianaha ma waena o ko kākou mau maka a me ko kākou lolo, ʻo ke aʻalolo optic, he mea ia a kākou e nānā pinepine ʻole ai. Akā, ʻo ka mālama ʻana i kēia aʻalolo olakino he mea nui ia no kākou e hauʻoli ai i ka nani o ko kākou ola. Inā he mau hopohopo kou e pili ana i kou ʻike maka, mai kānalua e kamaʻilio me ke kauka e pili ana i ia mea.