Pehea kākou e lohe ai? Ke kupanaha o ka pepeiao a me ka huakaʻi o ke kani (Mechanism of Hearing)

Ua kū anei ʻoe a noʻonoʻo pehea e komo ai nā mele a mākou e hoʻolohe ai i kēlā me kēia lā, nā huaʻōlelo a mākou e kamaʻilio ai me kā mākou mau hoaaloha, nā leo ʻoluʻolu o nā manu, a pēlā aku, i loko o ko mākou mau pepeiao a hoʻomaopopo ʻia e ko mākou lolo? He hana kupaianaha maoli nō ia a paʻakikī. Ua like ia me ke kilokilo! No laila, i kēia lā e kamaʻilio mākou e pili ana i ka hana ʻana o ko mākou mau pepeiao makamae, ma ke ʻano maʻalahi loa, e like me ka haʻi ʻana i kahi hoaaloha.

ʻO ka hana nui a ka ʻōkana liʻiliʻi i kapa ʻia ʻo ka pepeiao

Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ko kākou mau pepeiao i ʻekolu ʻāpana nui, e like me nā lumi o loko o ka hale. ʻO ia mau mea:

1. Pepeiao Waho

2. Pepeiao Waena

3. Pepeiao o loko

He hana kūikawā ko kēlā me kēia ʻāpana, ʻoiai ke hele nei ke kani i ko kākou lolo. E nānā kākou pehea e hana ʻia ai kēlā.

1. Pepeiao Waho: Ke ala i ke kani

Ke noʻonoʻo ʻoe i ka pepeiao, ʻo ka mea mua e hiki mai ana i ka noʻonoʻo ʻo ia ka ʻāpana i ʻike ʻia ma waho? ʻO ia ka mea a mākou e kapa ai ʻo pinna (i kapa ʻia ma ke ʻano lapaʻau ʻo `(Pinna)`). Ua hoʻolālā pono ʻia ke ʻano o kēia pinna e hōʻiliʻili i nā nalu leo ​​mai ke kaiapuni a kuhikuhi iā lākou i loko o ka pepeiao. Ua like ia me ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana i nā hōʻailona mai kahi `Satellite Dish`.

E noʻonoʻo, ke kamaʻilio ʻoe me kahi hoaaloha, hele nā ​​​​nalu kani o kou leo ​​​​ma ka lewa a paʻi i ka pahu pepeiao o ka mea e hoʻolohe ana a hōʻiliʻili.

A laila hele nā ​​​​hawewe kani i hōʻiliʻili ʻia e ka pahu pepeiao ma o kahi ʻano liʻiliʻi e like me ka paipu i kapa ʻia ʻo ke kahawai pepeiao . Hele ke kani ma kēia paipu a hiki i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka pepeiao waena. Loaʻa i ka kahawai pepeiao nā ʻano liʻiliʻi e like me ka lauoho a me nā kelepa e hana ana i ka wax pepeiao. Mālama kēia i ka pepeiao mai ka lepo, nā pepeke liʻiliʻi, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe.

2. Pepeiao Waena: Kahi e hoʻonui ʻia ai ke kani

Ma ka hopena o ka ʻōmole hoʻolohe he membrane lahilahi a palupalu loa. ʻO ia ka eardrum (a i ʻole 'Tympanic Membrane') a kākou a pau i ʻike ai. Ua like ia me ka ʻili o ka pahu. Ke pā nā nalu leo ​​mai waho i kēia eardrum, hoʻomaka ia e haʻalulu .

I kēia manawa, hoʻomaka ka hana maoli. Hoʻopili ʻia i kēia pahu pepeiao ʻekolu o nā iwi liʻiliʻi loa o ko kākou kino. He liʻiliʻi loa lākou, akā hana lākou i kahi hana nui. ʻO kēia mau iwi ʻekolu i kapa pinepine ʻia ʻo `(Ossicles)`. ʻO ko lākou mau inoa:

• Malleus - Ua like kēia me ka hāmare, i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ka eardrum.
• Incus - ʻO kēia ka iwi ma waenakonu, i pili i ka eardrum a me ka auricle.
• ʻO Stapes - ʻO kēia ka iwi liʻiliʻi loa o ke kino. Ua like kona ʻano me ka kāmaʻa lio.

Ke haʻalulu ka pahu pepeiao, hele mua ka haʻalulu i nā ossicles, a laila i nā stapes, a ma hope i ka auricle. Hoʻopili ʻia kēia mau iwi ʻekolu kekahi i kekahi, e hana ana e like me kahi ʻōnaehana lever liʻiliʻi, e hoʻonui ana i nā haʻalulu mai ka pahu pepeiao.Hoʻouna ʻia ia i ka pepeiao o loko. He mea nui loa kēia hoʻonui ʻana, no ka mea, aia i loko o ka pepeiao o loko kahi wai. I mea e hoʻoili ʻia ai nā haʻalulu e hele mai ana ma ka lewa ma o kahi wai, pono lākou e ikaika.

Aia kekahi mea nui loa ma ka pepeiao waena. ʻO ia ka ʻEustachian Tube . He ʻōmole liʻiliʻi wale nō kēia e pili ana i ke kua o ko kākou puʻu. Ua manaʻo anei ʻoe e kani ana kou mau pepeiao i kou piʻi ʻana i kahi mauna a i ʻole e lele ana i loko o kahi mokulele, a laila ala koke aʻe me kahi leo 'kaomi' ʻē? ʻO ia ka hana a kēia ʻōmole Eustachian i kēlā manawa. Ke hāmama ko kākou waha a moni, wehe a pani kēia ʻōmole e hoʻohālikelike i ke kaomi ea ma nā ʻaoʻao ʻelua o ka eardrum. ʻO ia ka manawa e hiki ai i ka eardrum ke haʻalulu me ke kūʻokoʻa a me ke kūpono.

3. Pepeiao o loko: Kahi e hoʻololi ʻia ai ke kani i mau hōʻailona uila

Hoʻopili nā stapes, ma ka hopena o ka pepeiao waena, i kahi ʻōkana liʻiliʻi ma ka pepeiao o loko e like me ka pūpū nahe. Ua kapa ʻia ʻo ia ʻo cochlea . I loko he wai kūikawā a me nā tausani o nā ʻano lauoho maikaʻi loa i kapa ʻia he mau cell lauoho .

Ke hele nā ​​nalu haʻalulu i hoʻonui ʻia (`Vibrations`) mai ka pepeiao waena ma o ke kahe i loko o ke cochlea, hoʻoulu ʻia kēlā mau hunaola lauoho. E like me ka hele ʻana o kahi nalu ma o ka wai, neʻe nā mea kanu i loko o ka wai. Ke neʻe kēia mau hunaola lauoho, hana ʻia kahi mea kupaianaha: lilo kēlā haʻalulu mechanical (`Mechanical Vibration`) i mau hōʻailona uila (`Electrical Signals` a i ʻole `Nerve Impulses`)!

He kūikawā loa nā ʻāpana lauoho i loko o ke cochlea. Loaʻa lākou i nā lōʻihi like ʻole, e like me nā kī ma ka piano. E like me kēlā me kēia kī e hoʻopuka ai i kahi leo ʻokoʻa, ua ʻike pū kēia mau ʻāpana lauoho i nā alapine like ʻole. ʻO ia hoʻi, pane kekahi hui i nā leo kiʻekiʻe (e like me ke kani ʻūlū) a ʻo kekahi hui i nā leo haʻahaʻa (e like me ke kani pahu). ʻAʻole anei he mea kupaianaha kēia hoʻolālā?

Ma waho aʻe o ka lohe ʻana, aia nō hoʻi i ka pepeiao o loko kahi ʻāpana e kāohi ana i ko kākou kaulike (ka ʻōnaehana `Vestibular`). Akā, no ka mea, ke kamaʻilio nei kākou e pili ana i ka lohe ʻana i kēia lā, e kamaʻilio kikoʻī kākou e pili ana i kēlā ma hope.

Ka huakaʻi o ke kani i ka lolo a me kona hoʻomaopopo ʻana

I kēia manawa, eia ka mea nui. ʻO nā hōʻailona uila i hana ʻia e kēlā mau hunaola lauoho e hele pololei i ko kākou lolo ma o kahi aʻalolo kūikawā i kapa ʻia ʻo 'Auditory Nerve' . Loaʻa i ka lolo kahi kikowaena kūikawā i hoʻolaʻa ʻia no ka lohe (ʻo ia hoʻi ka 'Auditory Cortex').

Hoʻopili ka lolo i kēia mau hōʻailona uila e hiki mai ana a hāʻawi iā mākou i ka hiki ke hoʻomaopopo i nā mea e like me, 'ʻAuē, ʻo kēia ka leo o koʻu makuahine,' 'ʻO kēia kaʻu mele punahele,' 'Aia kahi ʻīlio e ʻaoa ana ma waho, ʻaʻole au i ʻike inā he hewa kekahi mea.' E noʻonoʻo, hana ʻia kēia mau mea a pau i loko o kekahi mau kekona, i loko o kahi manawa pōkole loa!

ʻAʻole wale ia, no ka mea, he ʻelua ko kākou pepeiao, hiki i ka lolo ke ʻike i ke kuhikuhi e hele mai ana ke kani. Hoʻoholo ia inā lohe ʻia ke kani me ka leo nui a palupalu iki paha ma kekahi pepeiao.

No ke aha he mea nui ia iā kākou ke hoʻolohe?

ʻAʻole kēia he mea kupanaha ke ʻōlelo ʻia.

• Kamaʻilio: Kamaʻilio mākou me nā poʻe ʻē aʻe a hoʻomaopopo i kā lākou ʻōlelo ma ka hoʻolohe ʻana.
• Ke aʻo ʻana: He mea nui ka hoʻolohe ʻana i ke aʻo ʻana i kahi mea hou, inā ma ke kula a ma ka hana paha.
• Leʻaleʻa: ʻO ka hoʻolohe ʻana i kahi mele nani e hauʻoli ai ʻoe, ʻo ka hauʻoli i ke kamaʻilio ʻana ma kahi kiʻiʻoniʻoni, a me ka hōʻoluʻolu ʻana iā ʻoe iho ma ka hoʻolohe ʻana i nā leo ʻoluʻolu o ke kūlohelohe (nā manu e mele ana, nā wailele) e pili ana i ka hoʻolohe ʻana.
• Palekana: Ke lohe kākou i ke kani o ke kaʻa e hoʻokokoke mai ana ma ke alanui, ua hoʻopakele ʻia kākou mai kahi ulia, a inā he ahi i loko o ko kākou hale, ua hoʻomaopopo ʻia kākou e ke kani o ka "Alarm Ahi". No kēia mau mea a pau, he mea nui loa ka hana olakino o ko kākou mau pepeiao.

Pehea e mālama ai i kou mau pepeiao?

Pono kākou e mālama i ko kākou mau pepeiao, he mea makamae a paʻakikī hoʻi, ʻeā? Inā mālama kākou i nā mea liʻiliʻi, hiki iā kākou ke mālama i ko kākou lohe no ka manawa lōʻihi.

• E pale i nā walaʻau nui: ʻAʻole maikaʻi ka hoʻolohe ʻana i ke mele me ka leo nui a i ʻole e hoʻolohe i nā headphone me ka leo nui loa no ka manawa lōʻihi . Inā ʻoe e hana ma nā wahi me nā pae walaʻau kiʻekiʻe, e like me nā hale hana a i ʻole nā ​​​​kahua kūkulu, e komo i ka pale pepeiao. No ka mea, ʻo ka hoʻolōʻihi ʻana i nā walaʻau nui hiki ke hōʻino i nā hunaola lauoho palupalu a mākou i kamaʻilio ai, e hoʻoulu ai i ka nalowale mau o ka lohe.
• Mai hoʻokomo i nā mea i loko o kou mau pepeiao: Mai hoʻokomo i nā mea ʻoi e like me nā lāʻau, nā ʻōpuʻu pulupulu, nā kī, a i ʻole nā ​​pine i loko o kou mau pepeiao e hoʻomaʻemaʻe iā lākou. ʻO ka hana ʻana pēlā e hiki ai ke hoʻokuke i ka earwax i loko a hōʻino i ke kahawai pepeiao a i ʻole ka eardrum. ʻO ka maʻamau, puka mai ka earwax ma kāna iho. Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe ka ʻeha nui a i ʻole manaʻo ua paʻa kou pepeiao, e ʻike i ke kauka no ka ʻōlelo aʻo.
• E mālama i kou mau pepeiao i maloʻo: Hiki i kekahi poʻe ke loaʻa i nā maʻi (e like me Otitis Externa a i ʻole Swimmer's Ear) inā komo ka wai i loko o ko lākou mau pepeiao i ka wā e ʻauʻau ana a ʻauʻau ana paha. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi no ia poʻe ke hoʻohana i nā pani pepeiao. Ma hope o ka ʻauʻau ʻana, e holoi mālie i ka pepeiao a me ka ʻaoʻao o waho a puni ka pepeiao a mālama iā ia i maloʻo.
• E makaʻala i nā maʻi pepeiao: Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe ka ʻeha pepeiao, ka wai e puka mai ana mai kou pepeiao, ka nalowale o ka lohe, ke kani mau ʻana o kou mau pepeiao (`tinnitus`), a i ʻole ka poniuniu, mai hoʻowahāwahā iā lākou. E ʻike koke i ke kauka a loaʻa ka lāʻau lapaʻau. Hiki i kekahi mau maʻi pepeiao waena (`Otitis Media`) ke koʻikoʻi inā ʻaʻole mālama pono ʻia.
• Nā nānā olakino kūpono: Hiki i kekahi mau maʻi e like me ka Diabetes Mellitus a me ke koko kiʻekiʻe ke hoʻopilikia i ka lohe. Eia kekahi, hiki i kekahi mau lāʻau lapaʻau (nā lāʻau Ototoxic) ke hōʻino i nā pepeiao. No laila, inā loaʻa iā ʻoe kēlā mau maʻi, e mālama i ka kaohi kūpono a hahai i nā ʻōlelo a kāu kauka.

I ka hōʻuluʻulu manaʻo (Leka Lawe-Home)

ʻAe, ua nui kā kākou kamaʻilio ʻana i kēia lā, ʻeā? I ka pōkole, he ʻano paʻakikī loa ko kākou mau pepeiao a he hana kupaianaha hoʻi.

Hoʻiliʻili ʻia nā nalu kani e ka pepeiao o waho, hoʻonui ʻia e ka pepeiao waena, hoʻololi ʻia i mau hōʻailona uila ma ka pepeiao o loko, a hoʻouna ʻia i ka lolo ma o ke aʻalolo lohe. Penei mākou e ʻike ai, hauʻoli ai, a hoʻomaopopo ai i nā leo like ʻole o kēia ao.

Ua maopopo paha iā ʻoe i kēia manawa ke waiwai nui o kēia hiki kupaianaha iā kākou i ke ola. No laila, e mālama i kou mau pepeiao a pale iā lākou. No ka mea, he mea nui loa ka lohe maikaʻi no ke ola olakino a hauʻoli. Inā he mau nīnau hou kāu e pili ana i kēia, mai makaʻu e kamaʻilio me ke kauka.

Pepeiao, Lohe, ʻAno Hoʻolohe