Ua hele mai ʻo Sudesh (23 makahiki) i koʻu keʻena lapaʻau i kēlā lā me ka hopohopo nui. Ua heluhelu koke ʻo ia ma ka pūnaewele e piʻi wikiwiki ana nā maʻi HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) i waena o ka poʻe ʻōpio ma Sri Lanka.
"E Kauka Priya, ua makaʻu loa wau i koʻu ʻike ʻana i kēia ʻikepili. Ua ʻino maoli anei ke kūlana ma Sri Lanka? He aha ke kumu o kēia laha ʻana, ʻoiai hoʻi i waena o nā kāne ʻōpio? ʻAʻole hiki iā kākou ke pakele i kēia?" i nīnau aku ai ʻo Sudesh me ka hoihoi nui.
Ua wehewehe mālie au iā Sudesh: "E Sudesh, he mea nui loa kāu nīnau ʻana i kēia nīnau. No ka mea, i kēia lā, ua lilo ka piʻi ʻana o ka maʻi HIV i waena o ka hanauna ʻōpio ma Sri Lanka i pilikia nui i ke olakino lehulehu. Akā, ʻo ka mea nui loa, ʻaʻole ia e makaʻu i kēia, akā, e ʻike i ka ʻike ʻepekema kūpono a me nā ʻano pale. E kamaʻilio kākou e pili ana i kēia i kēia lā."
ʻŌlelo ka ʻikepili: No ke aha e piʻi nei ka maʻi HIV i waena o nā kāne ʻōpio?
Inā mākou e nānā i ka ʻikepili mai ka Polokalamu Hoʻomalu no nā Maʻi Lapaʻau a me ka Manaʻo AIDS ma Sri Lanka, me he mea lā he nui nā maʻi HIV i hōʻike hou ʻia i nā manawa i hala iho nei he mau kāne ʻōpio.
Wahi a ka ʻikepili i hōʻike ʻia i ka makahiki 2022, ʻo ka poʻe ʻōpio i piha i ka makahiki 15-24 mau makahiki he 12% o nā maʻi HIV āpau. No kēia mau mea, he 92% o lākou he mau kāne ʻōpio, a ua hōʻike ʻo 80% o lākou ua moe kolohe me nā kāne me ka pale ʻole.
Ua hōʻike ʻia ka nui loa o ka poʻe i loaʻa i ka maʻi HIV mai nā ʻāpana ʻo Colombo, Gampaha, Kalutara a me Kurunegala ma nā panalāʻau Komohana a me ke Komohana ʻĀkau, a me ka ʻāpana ʻo Galle ma ka panalāʻau Hema. ʻIke wale ka poʻe he nui ua loaʻa iā lākou ka maʻi ma hope o ka manawa lōʻihi. I kēlā manawa, ua haʻahaʻa loa kā lākou helu CD4 (ka helu o nā cell immune) . Hōʻike kēia ʻaʻole lākou i hoʻāʻo mua no ka maʻi.
No ke aha i ʻoi aku ai ka pilikia o ka hoʻolaha ʻana o ka maʻi HIV i nā pilina kāne moe kolohe?
ʻO kekahi mau kumu nui e kōkua ai i ka hoʻonui ʻia o ka pilikia o ka laha ʻana o ka maʻi HIV i waena o nā kāne e moe kolohe me nā kāne (MSM) :
1. Pōpilikia Olaola: I ka wā o ka moekolohe anal, hiki ke hōʻeha maʻalahi a ʻōpala paha nā ʻiʻo laumania i loko o ka anus, e maʻalahi ai i ka maʻi i loko o nā wai moekolohe ke komo pololei i ke kino ma o ke kahe koko.
2. Ka hoʻohana haʻahaʻa ʻana i nā condom: E like me ka hōʻike ʻana o nā noiʻi like ʻole, he helu liʻiliʻi loa (ma kahi o 18%) o ka poʻe i loko o nā pilina kāne like i hoʻohana pololei i nā condom i ko lākou moekolohe hope loa.
3. Ka Hoʻohilahila Kaiapili: Ma muli o ka makaʻu i ka hoʻohilahila kaiapili a me nā palena kānāwai, nui ka poʻe e hūnā i ko lākou ʻano moekolohe. ʻO kēia ka mea e hoʻokaʻulua loa ai lākou e hele i nā keʻena olakino a hoʻāʻo ʻia no ka maʻi HIV.
🚨 Nā hae ʻulaʻula e pono ai ke kōkua koke ʻia e ke kauka
Hiki ke ʻike ʻia kēia mau hōʻailona ma waena o 2 a me 6 mau pule ma hope o ke komo ʻana o ka maʻi HIV i loko o ke kino (i ka wā o ka maʻi seroconversion), a inā ʻike ʻia kēia mau mea ma hope o ia ʻano hoʻopili kānalua, pono ʻoe e hele koke i kahi keʻena lapaʻau:
- Ke kuni kiʻekiʻe mau a me ka hou nui o ka pō.
- Ka pohō wikiwiki o ke kaumaha o ke kino i loko o kahi manawa pōkole me ke kumu ʻole (Unexplained Weight Loss).
- Nā kīʻaha lymph pehu i ka ʻāʻī, nā armpits, a i ʻole ka groin no kekahi mau pule.
- ʻO ka maʻi kahe lōʻihi a me nā ʻeha waha e ho'ōla ʻole ʻia a i ʻole nā maʻi fungal.
Pehea e pale aku ai i ka laha ʻana o ka maʻi HIV? (Kāohi ʻana)
ʻO ka nūhou maikaʻi, hiki ke hoʻopau loa ʻia ka pilikia o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka maʻi HIV ma o ka hahai ʻana i nā ʻano olakino maikaʻi:
- Ka hoʻohana pono ʻana i nā condom: ʻO ka hoʻohana pono ʻana i nā condom kaohi hānau i kēlā me kēia manawa āu e moe ai hiki ke pale aku i ka laha ʻana o ka maʻi HIV ma mua o 90%.
- Ka Hoʻohana ʻana i ka PrEP (Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis): Ua kapa ʻia kēia he pre-exposure prophylaxis . ʻO kēia lāʻau lapaʻau, i lawe ʻia i kēlā me kēia lā e ka poʻe i loaʻa ka pilikia nui o ka maʻi HIV, pale i ka pilikia o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka maʻi ma kahi o 99%.
- E hoʻāʻo pinepine ʻia: Pono e hoʻāʻo ʻia ka poʻe e moe kolohe ana no ka HIV ma ka liʻiliʻi hoʻokahi manawa i ka makahiki. I kēia manawa, ʻike ka 86% o ka poʻe i loaʻa i ka maʻi ma Sri Lanka ua loaʻa iā lākou ka maʻi, a ke manaʻo nei ʻo UNAIDS (ka Polokalamu Hui Pū ʻIa o nā Aupuni Hui Pū ʻIa ma AIDS) e hoʻonui i kēia i 95%.
- Ka Hoʻohana ʻana o ka PEP (Post-Exposure Prophylaxis): Inā hana ka moekolohe me ka pale ʻole ʻia, hiki i kēia lāʻau lapaʻau ulia pōpilikia, i lawe ʻia i loko o 72 mau hola, ke pale i ka laha ʻana o ka maʻi i loko o ke kino.
Lapaʻau: Noho Ola Kino me ka HIV
ʻOiai ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo HIV he maʻi make i ka wā ma mua, ua ʻae nā lāʻau lapaʻau hou i nā mea maʻi e ola e like me ke kanaka olakino maʻamau.
ʻO ka lāʻau lapaʻau nui ʻo ART (Antiretroviral Therapy) . Hoʻomalu piha kēia mau lāʻau i ka hoʻonui ʻia ʻana o ka maʻi i loko o ke kino.
Ma kahi o 80% o ka poʻe e noho ana me ka maʻi HIV ma Sri Lanka e loaʻa ana i ka ART i kēia manawa, a he 87% o lākou he mau ukana viral hiki ʻole ke ʻike ʻia. Ke kāohi ʻia ka ukana viral i kahi pae i hiki ʻole ke ʻike ʻia i kahi hoʻāʻo koko (Undetectable = Untransmittable), ua hoʻemi ʻia ka pilikia o ka hoʻoili ʻana i ka maʻi i kekahi kanaka ʻē aʻe i ka ʻole (0%).
Nā mea e pono ai a me nā mea ʻaʻole e pono ai
| ✔️ Nā mea e hana ai (Hana) | ❌ Nā mea pono ʻole |
|---|---|
| Inā ʻoe he kanaka hana moekolohe, e hele i kahi keʻena moe kolohe aupuni a i ʻole kahi keʻena pilikino hilinaʻi a e hana i kahi hoʻāʻo HIV malū. | ʻOiai inā ʻike ʻia nā hōʻailona, mai hūnā i kou maʻi ma ka hele ʻole ʻana i nā keʻena lapaʻau ma muli o ka makaʻu i nā manaʻo o ke kaiāulu. |
| Inā ʻoe i loko o kahi hui pilikia kiʻekiʻe, e hoʻohana i ka PrEP i kēlā me kēia lā e like me ke kuhikuhi a kāu kauka. | E pale i ka kaʻana like ʻana i nā syringe (he mea maʻamau kēia i waena o ka poʻe hoʻohana lāʻau lapaʻau). |
| Inā he maʻi HIV ʻoe, e lawe i nā lāʻau ART i kuhikuhi ʻia e kāu kauka i kēlā me kēia lā i ka manawa i hoʻonohonoho ʻia me ka ʻole o ka poina. | Mai nānā i ka poʻe e noho ana me ka maʻi HIV me ka inaina a i ʻole ka hoʻokae. |
❓ Kekahi mau nīnau ʻē aʻe āu e loaʻa ai (FAQ)
Ma hea e hiki ai iaʻu ke loaʻa nā hoʻāʻo HIV manuahi ma Sri Lanka? ▼
Hiki ke hana ʻia ka hoʻāʻo ʻana no ka maʻi HIV ma kekahi keʻena lapaʻau STD aupuni ma ka mokupuni holoʻokoʻa, me ka uku ʻole, me ka hūnā piha ʻana.
Hiki i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka PrEP ke pale aku i nā maʻi ʻē aʻe i laha ma ke moekolohe (STIs) ?
ʻAʻole, pale wale ʻo PrEP i ka maʻi HIV. Pono e hoʻohana ʻia nā condom e pale aku i nā maʻi ʻē aʻe i laha ma ke ʻano moekolohe, e like me syphilis, gonorrhea, a i ʻole herpes.
Hiki ke pale ʻia ka laha ʻana o ka maʻi HIV mai ka makuahine a i kāna keiki ?
ʻAe, ma ka hāʻawi ʻana i ka makuahine i ka lāʻau ART kūpono i ka wā hāpai a me nā lāʻau lapaʻau kūikawā i hāʻawi ʻia i ke keiki ma hope o ka hānau ʻana, hiki ke hoʻemi ʻia ka pilikia o ka laha ʻana o ka maʻi mai ka makuahine a i ke keiki i lalo o 1%.
Hiki i ka ART ke ho'ōla loa i ka maʻi HIV mai ke kino? ▼
ʻAʻole, ʻaʻohe lāʻau lapaʻau no ka maʻi HIV ma ka honua i kēia manawa. Eia nō naʻe, hiki i nā lāʻau ART ke hoʻomau i ka hana ʻole o ka maʻi i loko o ke kino a hiki i nā kānaka ke ola i kahi ola maʻamau a olakino.
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