Ke piʻi nei nā maʻi HIV ma Sri Lanka: He anamanaʻo e pili ana i nā pilina kāne moe kāne

Ua hele mai ʻo Sudesh (23 makahiki) i koʻu keʻena lapaʻau i kēlā lā me ka hopohopo nui. Ua heluhelu koke ʻo ia ma ka pūnaewele e piʻi wikiwiki ana nā maʻi HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) i waena o ka poʻe ʻōpio ma Sri Lanka.

"E Kauka Priya, ua makaʻu loa wau i koʻu ʻike ʻana i kēia ʻikepili. Ua ʻino maoli anei ke kūlana ma Sri Lanka? He aha ke kumu o kēia laha ʻana, ʻoiai hoʻi i waena o nā kāne ʻōpio? ʻAʻole hiki iā kākou ke pakele i kēia?" i nīnau aku ai ʻo Sudesh me ka hoihoi nui.

Ua wehewehe mālie au iā Sudesh: "E Sudesh, he mea nui loa kāu nīnau ʻana i kēia nīnau. No ka mea, i kēia lā, ua lilo ka piʻi ʻana o ka maʻi HIV i waena o ka hanauna ʻōpio ma Sri Lanka i pilikia nui i ke olakino lehulehu. Akā, ʻo ka mea nui loa, ʻaʻole ia e makaʻu i kēia, akā, e ʻike i ka ʻike ʻepekema kūpono a me nā ʻano pale. E kamaʻilio kākou e pili ana i kēia i kēia lā."

ʻŌlelo ka ʻikepili: No ke aha e piʻi nei ka maʻi HIV i waena o nā kāne ʻōpio?

Inā mākou e nānā i ka ʻikepili mai ka Polokalamu Hoʻomalu no nā Maʻi Lapaʻau a me ka Manaʻo AIDS ma Sri Lanka, me he mea lā he nui nā maʻi HIV i hōʻike hou ʻia i nā manawa i hala iho nei he mau kāne ʻōpio.

Wahi a ka ʻikepili i hōʻike ʻia i ka makahiki 2022, ʻo ka poʻe ʻōpio i piha i ka makahiki 15-24 mau makahiki he 12% o nā maʻi HIV āpau. No kēia mau mea, he 92% o lākou he mau kāne ʻōpio, a ua hōʻike ʻo 80% o lākou ua moe kolohe me nā kāne me ka pale ʻole.

Ua hōʻike ʻia ka nui loa o ka poʻe i loaʻa i ka maʻi HIV mai nā ʻāpana ʻo Colombo, Gampaha, Kalutara a me Kurunegala ma nā panalāʻau Komohana a me ke Komohana ʻĀkau, a me ka ʻāpana ʻo Galle ma ka panalāʻau Hema. ʻIke wale ka poʻe he nui ua loaʻa iā lākou ka maʻi ma hope o ka manawa lōʻihi. I kēlā manawa, ua haʻahaʻa loa kā lākou helu CD4 (ka helu o nā cell immune) . Hōʻike kēia ʻaʻole lākou i hoʻāʻo mua no ka maʻi.

No ke aha i ʻoi aku ai ka pilikia o ka hoʻolaha ʻana o ka maʻi HIV i nā pilina kāne moe kolohe?

ʻO kekahi mau kumu nui e kōkua ai i ka hoʻonui ʻia o ka pilikia o ka laha ʻana o ka maʻi HIV i waena o nā kāne e moe kolohe me nā kāne (MSM) :

1. Pōpilikia Olaola: I ka wā o ka moekolohe anal, hiki ke hōʻeha maʻalahi a ʻōpala paha nā ʻiʻo laumania i loko o ka anus, e maʻalahi ai i ka maʻi i loko o nā wai moekolohe ke komo pololei i ke kino ma o ke kahe koko.
2. Ka hoʻohana haʻahaʻa ʻana i nā condom: E like me ka hōʻike ʻana o nā noiʻi like ʻole, he helu liʻiliʻi loa (ma kahi o 18%) o ka poʻe i loko o nā pilina kāne like i hoʻohana pololei i nā condom i ko lākou moekolohe hope loa.
3. Ka Hoʻohilahila Kaiapili: Ma muli o ka makaʻu i ka hoʻohilahila kaiapili a me nā palena kānāwai, nui ka poʻe e hūnā i ko lākou ʻano moekolohe. ʻO kēia ka mea e hoʻokaʻulua loa ai lākou e hele i nā keʻena olakino a hoʻāʻo ʻia no ka maʻi HIV.

🚨 Nā hae ʻulaʻula e pono ai ke kōkua koke ʻia e ke kauka

Hiki ke ʻike ʻia kēia mau hōʻailona ma waena o 2 a me 6 mau pule ma hope o ke komo ʻana o ka maʻi HIV i loko o ke kino (i ka wā o ka maʻi seroconversion), a inā ʻike ʻia kēia mau mea ma hope o ia ʻano hoʻopili kānalua, pono ʻoe e hele koke i kahi keʻena lapaʻau:

• Ke kuni kiʻekiʻe mau a me ka hou nui o ka pō.
• Ka pohō wikiwiki o ke kaumaha o ke kino i loko o kahi manawa pōkole me ke kumu ʻole (Unexplained Weight Loss).
• Nā kīʻaha lymph pehu i ka ʻāʻī, nā armpits, a i ʻole ka groin no kekahi mau pule.
• ʻO ka maʻi kahe lōʻihi a me nā ʻeha waha e ho'ōla ʻole ʻia a i ʻole nā ​​​​maʻi fungal.

Pehea e pale aku ai i ka laha ʻana o ka maʻi HIV? (Kāohi ʻana)

ʻO ka nūhou maikaʻi, hiki ke hoʻopau loa ʻia ka pilikia o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka maʻi HIV ma o ka hahai ʻana i nā ʻano olakino maikaʻi:

• Ka hoʻohana pono ʻana i nā condom: ʻO ka hoʻohana pono ʻana i nā condom kaohi hānau i kēlā me kēia manawa āu e moe ai hiki ke pale aku i ka laha ʻana o ka maʻi HIV ma mua o 90%.
• Ka Hoʻohana ʻana i ka PrEP (Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis): Ua kapa ʻia kēia he pre-exposure prophylaxis . ʻO kēia lāʻau lapaʻau, i lawe ʻia i kēlā me kēia lā e ka poʻe i loaʻa ka pilikia nui o ka maʻi HIV, pale i ka pilikia o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka maʻi ma kahi o 99%.
• E hoʻāʻo pinepine ʻia: Pono e hoʻāʻo ʻia ka poʻe e moe kolohe ana no ka HIV ma ka liʻiliʻi hoʻokahi manawa i ka makahiki. I kēia manawa, ʻike ka 86% o ka poʻe i loaʻa i ka maʻi ma Sri Lanka ua loaʻa iā lākou ka maʻi, a ke manaʻo nei ʻo UNAIDS (ka Polokalamu Hui Pū ʻIa o nā Aupuni Hui Pū ʻIa ma AIDS) e hoʻonui i kēia i 95%.
• Ka Hoʻohana ʻana o ka PEP (Post-Exposure Prophylaxis): Inā hana ka moekolohe me ka pale ʻole ʻia, hiki i kēia lāʻau lapaʻau ulia pōpilikia, i lawe ʻia i loko o 72 mau hola, ke pale i ka laha ʻana o ka maʻi i loko o ke kino.

Lapaʻau: Noho Ola Kino me ka HIV

ʻOiai ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo HIV he maʻi make i ka wā ma mua, ua ʻae nā lāʻau lapaʻau hou i nā mea maʻi e ola e like me ke kanaka olakino maʻamau.

ʻO ka lāʻau lapaʻau nui ʻo ART (Antiretroviral Therapy) . Hoʻomalu piha kēia mau lāʻau i ka hoʻonui ʻia ʻana o ka maʻi i loko o ke kino.

Ma kahi o 80% o ka poʻe e noho ana me ka maʻi HIV ma Sri Lanka e loaʻa ana i ka ART i kēia manawa, a he 87% o lākou he mau ukana viral hiki ʻole ke ʻike ʻia. Ke kāohi ʻia ka ukana viral i kahi pae i hiki ʻole ke ʻike ʻia i kahi hoʻāʻo koko (Undetectable = Untransmittable), ua hoʻemi ʻia ka pilikia o ka hoʻoili ʻana i ka maʻi i kekahi kanaka ʻē aʻe i ka ʻole (0%).

Nā mea e pono ai a me nā mea ʻaʻole e pono ai

Nā kumu ʻepekema (Nā Kuhikuhi)

• 📚 HIV a me AIDS - NHS
• 📚 Nā Holomua a me nā Pilikia o ka Pale ʻana i ka HIV i nā Kāne e Moe me nā Kāne - PMC