Ua lawe anei ʻoe i kahi lāʻau lapaʻau a laila, i kekahi mau lā, malia paha he hoʻokahi a ʻelua paha pule ma hope mai, ua loaʻa koke nā hōʻailona e like me ka ʻulaʻula, ka ʻili, a me ke kuni? I kēlā manawa, manaʻo mākou, "Auē, ua hana kekahi mea iaʻu." Malia paha he hopena alerika lohi kēia o kou kino i ka lāʻau lapaʻau āu i lawe ai. I ka lāʻau lapaʻau, kapa mākou i kēia he maʻi serum. Mai hopohopo, ʻo kēia ka mea a mākou e kamaʻilio ai i kēia lā.
He aha ka maʻi serum? E hoʻomaopopo maʻalahi kākou.
I ka ʻōlelo maʻalahi, ʻo ka maʻi serum kahi hopena o kāu ʻōnaehana pale, ka ʻōnaehana pale o ke kino e pale iā mākou mai ka maʻi, i kekahi mau lāʻau lapaʻau. ʻIke ka ʻōnaehana pale i kēia mau lāʻau lapaʻau ma ke ʻano he mau mea ʻē (i kapa ʻia he antigens) e komo i loko o ko mākou kino. No laila, hoʻomaka ia e pane kūʻē iā lākou.
He hopena lohi kēia. ʻAʻole paha ʻoe e ʻike i kēia mau hōʻailona no hoʻokahi pule a ʻekolu paha pule ma hope o ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi lāʻau. Eia nō naʻe, i ka manawa i loaʻa ai kēia hopena iā ʻoe, inā ʻoe e hoʻohana hou i ka lāʻau, e ʻike ʻia paha nā hōʻailona i loko o kekahi mau lā.
Pehea e pili ai ka ʻōnaehana pale o ko mākou kino i kēia? (ʻAno o ka maʻi serum)
Aia kekahi mau ʻano e pane ai ko kākou ʻōnaehana pale i kahi mea mai waho (kapa mākou i kēia he "Antigen"). Kapa mākou i kēia mau "Hypersensitivity Reactions". ʻEhā ʻano nui o kēia. ʻO ka Serum Sickness kahi hopena "Type 3".
E noʻonoʻo, aia kahi keʻena mākaʻi i loko o ko kākou kino, ʻo ia hoʻi ka ʻōnaehana pale. Ke hele mai kahi ʻaihue (ʻo ia hoʻi, he "antigen", no ka laʻana, kahi mea i loko o kahi lāʻau lapaʻau) mai waho mai, hele kēia keʻena mākaʻi e hopu iā ia.
ʻEhā ʻano o nā hopena hypersensitivity:
- ʻAno 1: ʻO kēia ke ʻano maʻamau o ka maʻi allergy. No ka laʻana, ʻike kekahi poʻe i ka hoʻomaka koke ʻana o ka hives a me ka paʻakikī o ka hanu ʻana ma hope o ka ʻai ʻana i nā pīni a i ʻole ke nahu ʻia e ka pi. Hoʻokumu ʻia kēia e nā antibodies i kapa ʻia ʻo Immunoglobulin E (IgE). Hoʻopaʻa kēia mau mea i nā cell mast i loko o ko mākou kino a hoʻokuʻu i nā kemika e like me ka histamine. ʻO nā laʻana e komo pū me nā hopena maʻi allergy koʻikoʻi e like me ka anaphylaxis a me ka rhinitis allergic i hoʻokumu ʻia e nā mites lepo.
- ʻAno 2: ʻO kēia ka manawa e hoʻouka ai ka ʻōnaehana pale i kekahi o kā mākou mau cell ponoʻī. ʻO nā antibodies i pili i ka immunoglobulin G (IgG) a me ka immunoglobulin M (IgM). ʻO IgG ka antibody maʻamau i loko o ko mākou kino a pale iā mākou mai nā maʻi. ʻO IgM ka antibody mua a ke kino e hana ai e hakakā i kahi maʻi hou. ʻO ka anemia hemolytic i hoʻoulu ʻia e ka lāʻau lapaʻau kahi laʻana o kēia.
- ʻAno 3:No kēia ʻano ka maʻi Serum. ʻO ka mea e hana ʻia ma ʻaneʻi, ʻo ia ka hui pū ʻana o kahi `(Antigen)` o waho (e.g., kahi ʻāpana o kahi lāʻau lapaʻau) me nā antibodies `(IgG)` a i ʻole `(IgM)` o ko mākou kino, e hana ana i nā ``clots'' liʻiliʻi, ʻo ia hoʻi, nā complexes immune `(Immune Complexes). Hoʻokomo ʻia kēia mau ``clots'' i loko o nā ʻiʻo like ʻole o ko mākou kino, a i ʻole i loko o nā paia o nā kīʻaha koko. ʻO ia ka manawa e hoʻomaka ai nā pilikia. Hiki i kēia ke hana i nā hōʻailona ma ke kino holoʻokoʻa `(Systemic Reaction).`
- ʻAno 4: ʻAʻole i hoʻokumu ʻia kēia hopena e nā antibodies, akā na kahi ʻano o ke koko keʻokeʻo i kapa ʻia ʻo T-lymphocytes a i ʻole T-cells, e hana ana e like me nā koa kūikawā i loko o kā mākou ʻōnaehana pale. Hana ʻia kēia ma hope iki, ma hope o kekahi mau lā. No ka laʻana, ʻo ka dermatitis pili, kahi e hana ʻia ai i ka wā e hoʻopā ai kahi metala e like me ka nickel a i ʻole kahi mea kanu e like me ka poison ivy i ka ʻili, he laʻana ia o kēia.
I kēia manawa, ua maopopo iā ʻoe ke ʻano o ka maʻi serum? He ʻāpana ia o ka ʻōnaehana pale o ko mākou kino, akā i kekahi manawa pane nui ia.
He aha nā hōʻailona o ka maʻi serum?
Hiki ke ʻokoʻa nā hōʻailona o ka maʻi serum mai kēlā kanaka a kēia kanaka, akā aia kekahi mau hōʻailona maʻamau:
- Malaise ( manaʻo maikaʻi ʻole, luhi, ola ʻole )
- ʻŌhū ʻili
- Ua like nā ʻūlū me kahi pepeke nui .
- ʻIli ʻāʻī
- kuni
- ʻEha hui, pehu
- Nā kīpē lymph pehu - Hiki ke ʻike ʻia kēia mau mea ma ka ʻāʻī, nā armpits, a me ka ʻūhā.
Hiki ke ʻike ʻia kekahi a ʻoi aku paha o kēia mau hōʻailona i ka manawa like.
He aha ke kumu o ka maʻi serum?
ʻO ke kumu nui o ka maʻi serum ʻo ia kekahi mau lāʻau lapaʻau a me nā lāʻau lapaʻau e loaʻa ana nā antibodies (ʻoi aku ka mea i loaʻa mai nā holoholona). Eia kahi papa inoa:
- Nā lāʻau lapaʻau: Nā lāʻau lapaʻau e like me penicillin, sulfonamides, a me tetracyclines.
- Nā mea hoʻōla ʻawaʻawa: Nā lāʻau lapaʻau no nā mea e like me ka mea ʻawaʻawa nahesa a me ka mea ʻawaʻawa nananana.
- Kekahi mau lāʻau hiamoe a me nā lāʻau lapaʻau no ka maʻi epilepsy (Barbiturates).
- ʻO nā lāʻau lapaʻau e like me Bupropion, i hoʻohana ʻia e mālama i nā kūlana e like me ke kaumaha.
- Nā lāʻau lapaʻau i loaʻa nā protein i loaʻa mai nā holoholona a i ʻole nā mea pepeke.
- Nā antibodies Monoclonal: He lāʻau lapaʻau kūikawā kēia no nā maʻi e like me ke kanesa a me ka arthritis.
- Nā ʻaki a nahu paha mai nā holoholona e like me nā pi, nā nalo meli, nā makika, a me nā ʻuku.
- Streptokinase: He lāʻau lapaʻau kēia e hoʻoheheʻe i nā ʻūpā koko.
- Nā lāʻau pale: Hiki i kekahi ʻano lāʻau pale ke hana pinepine i ia mau hopena.
ʻAʻole i piha kēia papa inoa. Hiki i nā lāʻau lapaʻau ʻē aʻe he nui ke hoʻoulu i ka maʻi serum. No laila, inā ʻike ʻoe i kēia mau hōʻailona i ka wā e lawe ana i kahi lāʻau lapaʻau, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ke kamaʻilio ʻana me ke kauka.
He aha nā kumu maʻamau o ka maʻi serum?
ʻO nā mea maʻamau e hiki ai ke hana i ka maʻi serum i kēia mau lā:
- Nā lāʻau lapaʻau
- Nā mea hoʻopau ʻona
- Nā mea hoʻōla lāʻau make
- Nā lāʻau pale
- ʻO Streptokinase
Loaʻa nō hoʻi ka maʻi serum i nā pākeke?
ʻAe, ʻoiaʻiʻo nō. Hiki i ka maʻi serum ke hoʻopilikia i kekahi o nā makahiki āpau, mai nā keiki ʻōpio a i nā pākeke.
He aha nā pilikia e hiki ai i kēia ke hana?
ʻAʻole maʻamau ka maʻi serum he maʻi koʻikoʻi, a hoʻopau nā hōʻailona i loko o kekahi mau lā. Eia nō naʻe, i kekahi manawa, ʻoiai inā ʻaʻole mālama ʻia a i ʻole me ka hoʻohana lōʻihi ʻana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau, hiki ke loaʻa nā pilikia.
- ʻEha puʻupaʻa: ʻO kēia ka pilikia nui.
- Vasculitis: ʻO ke ʻano kēia o ka pehu ʻana i loko o nā kīʻaha koko.
- Ka hōʻino ʻana o nā aʻalolo (Neuropathy): Hiki i kēia ke hoʻoulu i ka mae ʻana a me ka ʻeha ma nā lālā.
- Ka hāʻule koke ʻana o ke koko (Shock): He mea laha ʻole kēia.
ʻAʻole pinepine loa, hiki i ka maʻi serum ke hana i kahi maʻi i kapa ʻia ʻo glomerulonephritis (GN). He hōʻino kēia i nā kānana koko liʻiliʻi i loko o nā puʻupaʻa (glomeruli).
He mea nui: Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe nā hōʻailona o ka maʻi serum, he mea nui loa ia e ʻimi i ke aʻo lapaʻau. Hiki i kēia ke kōkua i ka pale ʻana i nā pilikia e like me kēia.
Pehea ʻoe e ʻike ai inā loaʻa iā ʻoe ka maʻi serum?
Inā ʻoe e lawe i kahi lāʻau lapaʻau a loaʻa nā hōʻailona like me nā mea i ʻōlelo ʻia ma luna, i kekahi mau lā a i ʻole mau pule ma hope o ka lawe ʻana, hiki ke lilo i serum sickness. Akā i mea e maopopo ai, pono ʻoe e ʻike i ke kauka. E hana ke kauka i kēia mau mea:
- E nīnau e pili ana i kou mōʻaukala olakino.
- E nīnau lākou e pili ana i nā lāʻau lapaʻau a me nā inikini āu i lawe ai i kēia manawa. He mea nui loa kēia no ka mea e kōkua ia i ka hoʻoholo ʻana i ke kumu.
- E hana ʻia kahi hoʻokolohua kino, ʻoiai e nānā i kekahi pehu a palupalu paha o nā lymph nodes.
Eia kekahi, hiki ke hana ʻia kekahi mau hoʻokolohua e hōʻoia i ka hōʻailona a hoʻoholo i ke koʻikoʻi o ke kūlana.
He aha nā hoʻokolohua diagnostics?
Hiki ke ʻike ʻia ka maʻi serum ma muli o nā hōʻailona a me ka hoʻokolokolo kino. Eia nō naʻe, i kekahi manawa hiki ke hana ʻia nā hoʻokolohua aʻe:
- Hoʻāʻo koko: Lawe ʻia kahi hāpana koko liʻiliʻi mai kahi aʻa koko ma kou lima a hoʻāʻo ʻia ma kahi keʻena hoʻokolohua. Hiki i kēia ke nānā i nā mea e like me nā pae mumū a me nā pae antibody i loko o ke kino.
- Biopsy ʻili: I kekahi manawa, hiki ke lawe ʻia kahi ʻāpana ʻili liʻiliʻi mai kahi ʻeha ʻili a nānā ʻia ma lalo o kahi microscope. Hiki i kēia ke nānā i ka mumū i loko o nā kīʻaha koko a me ke alo o nā ʻano antibodies like ʻole.
- Urinalysis: E lawe ʻia kahi hāpana mimi mai ou aku a e hoʻāʻo ʻia. E kōkua kēia i ka nānā ʻana i nā hōʻailona o ka hōʻino ʻia ʻana o nā puʻupaʻa i loko o ka mimi, no ka mea, hiki i ka maʻi serum ke hoʻopilikia i nā puʻupaʻa.
Hiki ke ho'ōla ʻia ka maʻi serum? He aha nā lāʻau lapaʻau?
ʻAe, he maʻi hiki ke mālama ʻia ka maʻi serum. I ka hapanui o nā hihia, e emi iho nā hōʻailona i loko o kekahi mau lā. Eia nō naʻe, aia nā lāʻau lapaʻau e hiki ke kōkua i ka kaohi ʻana i nā hōʻailona a wikiwiki i ka hoʻōla ʻana:
- ʻO ka mea nui loa, ʻo ia ke hoʻōki i ka lāʻau lapaʻau i hoʻoulu ai i ka maʻi serum. Pono e hana ʻia kēia ma lalo o ke aʻo a ke kauka.
- Corticosteroids: Hoʻemi kēia i ka mumū i loko o ke kino a me ka hana nui o ka ʻōnaehana pale.
- Nā Antihistamine: Hoʻemi kēia i nā hōʻailona allergy e like me ka maneʻo a me ka hives.
- Nā lāʻau anti-inflammatory nonsteroidal (NSAIDs): Kōkua kēia i ka hoʻēmi ʻana i ke kuni a me ka ʻeha o nā hono. Eia kekahi laʻana, ibuprofen.
Pehea ʻoe e ho'ōla ai mai kēia maʻi?
ʻO ke ala maikaʻi loa e hoʻōla koke ai mai ka maʻi serum, ʻo ia ka hahai pono ʻana i ka lāʻau i kuhikuhi ʻia e kāu kauka. Hoʻomaka ka hapa nui o ka poʻe e ʻoluʻolu i loko o kekahi mau lā o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o nā hōʻailona.
He aha ke ʻano o ka wā e hiki mai ana e hiki i kahi kanaka me ka maʻi serum ke manaʻo?
Ma ke ʻano laulā, maikaʻi ke olakino holoʻokoʻa o ke kanaka me ka maʻi serum. Hoʻōla piha ka hapa nui o ka poʻe i loko o kekahi mau lā, i kekahi manawa me ka ʻole o ka lāʻau lapaʻau. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ka hoʻohana lōʻihi ʻana a i ʻole ka hoʻohana pinepine ʻana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau e hoʻoulu ai i ka maʻi serum hiki ke hōʻino i nā puʻupaʻa, a hiki paha ke alakaʻi i ka hāʻule ʻana o nā puʻupaʻa. No laila, he mea nui e pale i ka lāʻau lapaʻau e hoʻoulu ai.
He aha nā hopena lōʻihi o kēia?
ʻAʻole pinepine ka maʻi serum i nā hopena lōʻihi. ʻO ka mea nui loa, ʻo ia ka ʻike pono i nā lāʻau lapaʻau e hoʻoulu ai i kēia maʻi nou a pale aku iā lākou. Hiki i kēia ke kōkua i ka pale ʻana i nā maʻi koʻikoʻi e like me ka hāʻule ʻana o nā puʻupaʻa.
Hiki ke pale ʻia ka maʻi serum?
ʻO ke ala maikaʻi loa a ʻo ke ala wale nō e pale aku ai i ka maʻi serum, ʻo ia ka pale ʻana i nā lāʻau lapaʻau e hoʻoulu ai i kēia mau hōʻailona. Inā ua loaʻa iā ʻoe kahi hopena like i kahi lāʻau lapaʻau ma mua, he mea nui loa ia e hoʻomaopopo i kāu kauka a me kekahi hale kūʻai lāʻau āu e hoʻohana ai.
He aha nā manawa kūpono loa e ʻike ai i ke kauka?
Inā ʻoe e lawe i kahi lāʻau lapaʻau a i ʻole kekahi mea e like me ka antiserum a loaʻa nā hōʻailona o ka maʻi serum i kekahi mau pule ma hope, e ʻike pono i ke kauka. A laila e hana ke kauka i nā hoʻokolohua e pono ai a kuhikuhi i kahi lāʻau lapaʻau ʻē aʻe ʻaʻole e hoʻoulu i kēia ʻano.
Nā nīnau koʻikoʻi e nīnau aku i kāu kauka
Ke hele ʻoe e ʻike i ke kauka, mai poina e nīnau i kēia mau nīnau:
- "E ke kauka, pehea ʻoe i ʻike maopopo ai he maʻi serum koʻu?"
- "Inā ʻaʻohe oʻu maʻi serum, he aha hou aʻe paha ia?"
- "He aha ka lāʻau lapaʻau e hoʻoulu ai i kēia maʻi serum?"
- "Aia kekahi lāʻau lapaʻau ʻē aʻe e hiki iaʻu ke lawe ma kahi o kēlā lāʻau lapaʻau ʻaʻohe ona hopena ʻaoʻao?"
- "Ua hōʻeha anei kēia maʻi serum i koʻu mau puʻupaʻa?"
He aha ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o ka Arthus Reaction a me ka Serum Sickness?
ʻO ka Arthus Reaction kekahi ʻano hypersensitivity reaction ʻano 3. Hiki nō hoʻi ke hana ma hope o kekahi mau lāʻau pale a i ʻole, kākaʻikahi, ma hope o nā nahu pepeke pinepine. Eia nō naʻe, he hana kūloko ka Arthus Reaction. Hana koke nō hoʻi ia ma mua o ka maʻi serum, maʻamau i loko o 24 mau hola.
ʻO ka maʻi serum kahi pane pale ʻōnaehana hope loa e hoʻopilikia ai i ke kino holoʻokoʻa. Hoʻokumu pinepine ʻia e nā lāʻau lapaʻau, a he akahai pinepine nā hōʻailona.
ʻO ka mea hope loa, nā mea e hoʻomanaʻo ai (Leka Lawe-Home)
ʻO ka maʻi serum kahi maʻi e pane nui ai kou ʻōnaehana pale i kekahi mau lāʻau lapaʻau. Hiki ke lilo i mea hopohopo iki ke ʻike ʻole ʻoe i nā hōʻailona a i ʻole ke kumu o lākou. No ka mea, ʻaʻole ʻike ʻia nā hōʻailona a hiki i nā pule ma hope o ka lawe ʻana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau, ʻaʻole paha ʻoe e manaʻo he mea ia i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka lāʻau lapaʻau.
No laila, inā ʻike ʻoe i kēia mau hōʻailona, mai makaʻu e ʻike i ke kauka. E holo lākou i nā hoʻokolohua e pono ai, e ʻimi i ke kumu, a e kuhikuhi i ka lāʻau lapaʻau e kōkua iā ʻoe e ʻoluʻolu. Hiki iā lākou ke kuhikuhi i kahi lāʻau lapaʻau ʻē aʻe ʻaʻole e hoʻoulu i ka maʻi serum, inā hiki. ʻO ka mea nui loa, ʻo ia ka ʻike i nā lāʻau lapaʻau e hoʻoulu ai iā ʻoe i kēia hopena a pale aku iā lākou. A laila hiki iā ʻoe ke noho olakino.
maʻi serum , nā maʻi ʻaleka, nā maʻi ʻaleka lāʻau, nā ʻōhū ʻili, ke kuni, ʻeha hui, ʻōnaehana pale
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