Ua ʻōlelo mua anei kāu kauka i kahi hoʻāʻo i kapa ʻia ʻo 'Tumor Markers'? A i ʻole ua lohe ʻoe i kēia huaʻōlelo ma kekahi wahi? Ua lohe paha ʻoe i kēia mau huaʻōlelo ʻelua i ke kamaʻilio ʻana e pili ana i ka maʻi kanesa. Ke lohe ʻoe i kēia inoa, makaʻu iki paha ʻoe, a hiki mai paha kahi nīnau nui i kou manaʻo. Akā, ʻaʻole kēia he mea e makaʻu ai. I kēia lā, e kamaʻilio mākou e pili ana i kēia me ka maʻalahi, me ka maopopo, a ma ke ʻano hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻomaopopo. No ka mea, he mea nui loa kēia no nā poʻe he nui e hakakā nei i ka maʻi kanesa a me ko lākou mau ʻohana.
ʻAe, he aha kēia mau māka tumor?
I ka ʻōlelo maʻalahi, ʻo kahi māka tumor kekahi mea i loko o kou kino e hāʻawi mai iā mākou i kekahi ʻike a i ʻole kuhi e pili ana i ka maʻi kanesa. ʻO ka maʻamau, he mau protein kēia i hana ʻia e nā cell cancer. Akā i kekahi manawa, ʻoiai nā cell maʻamau, ʻaʻole cancerous hiki ke hana i kēia mau māka i ka pane ʻana i ka maʻi kanesa. I kekahi manawa ua kapa ʻia kēia mau mea he mau māka cancer, a i ʻole biomarkers.
E noʻonoʻo i kēia ʻano. E like me ka nānā ʻana o nā mākaʻi i nā hōʻike ma kahi hana hewa, ke kānalua nā kauka i ka maʻi kanesa, hoʻohana lākou i kēia ʻano "hōʻike" i loko o ko mākou kino e ʻike ai inā aia maoli ia a me ke ʻano o ia mea.
ʻAʻole wale kēia he mau protein. I kekahi manawa hiki i nā loli i loko o kā mākou DNA (nā mutations) ke hana ma ke ʻano he mau māka tumor. No laila he kumuhana ākea loa kēia.
He aha kā mākou e aʻo ai mai kēia mau hoʻokolohua?
ʻAʻole hoʻokahi wale nō hoʻāʻo ʻana o nā māka puʻupuʻu. E hoʻohui pū ke kauka iā lākou me nā hoʻāʻo ʻē aʻe (no ka laʻana, nā scan CT, nā scan MRI, a me nā hoʻāʻo biopsy) e hoʻokō i kahi hopena. Hiki i kēia mau hoʻāʻo ke haʻi mai iā mākou i nā mea nui he nui.
- E kiʻi i kahi kuhi e pili ana i ka maʻi kanesa: ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe o kekahi mau māka puʻupuʻu hiki ke hōʻike i ke alo o kahi ʻano maʻi kanesa i loko o ke kino. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole hiki i kēia wale nō ke hōʻoia i ke alo o ka maʻi kanesa.
- Kōkua i ka hoʻolālā ʻana i ka mālama ʻana: Kōkua ka ʻike mai kēia mau māka i ke koho ʻana i ke ʻano lapaʻau kūpono a maikaʻi hoʻi ma muli o ke ʻano o ka maʻi kanesa āu e loaʻa nei.
- E nānā inā e holo pono ana kāu lāʻau lapaʻau o kēia manawa: E noʻonoʻo e mālama ʻia ana ʻoe no ka maʻi kanesa. Ma hope o kekahi manawa, e hoʻāʻo hou kāu kauka i kāu mau māka puʻupuʻu. Inā ua emi nā pae o kēlā mau māka, ʻo ia hoʻi ke holo pono nei ka lāʻau lapaʻau a ke luku ʻia nei nā hunaola kanesa.
- E kiʻi i kahi manaʻo o ka hiki ke hoʻōla: Ma muli o nā pae o kekahi mau māka, hiki i nā kauka ke loaʻa kahi manaʻo o ka hiki ke hoʻōla mai ka maʻi.
- E nānā i ka pilikia o ka hoʻi hou ʻana o ka maʻi kanesa:Ma hope o ka ho'ōla loa ʻia ʻana o ke kanesa ma hope o ka mālama ʻana, hana ʻia kēia hoʻāʻo i nā manawa maʻamau. Inā piʻi hou nā pae o kēia mau māka, he hōʻailona mua paha ia no ka pilikia o ka hoʻi hou ʻana o ke kanesa.
He kikoʻī kekahi mau māka tumor i hoʻokahi ʻano maʻi kanesa, aʻo kekahi e hiki ke hāʻawi i ka ʻike e pili ana i kekahi mau ʻano maʻi kanesa.
Aia ma hea kēia mau māka tumor i loko o ko mākou kino?
ʻElua ʻano nui o nā māka tumor, ma muli o kahi i loaʻa ai lākou.
1. Nā Māka Puʻupuʻu Kaʻapuni: Loaʻa kēia mau mea i loko o ko mākou mau wai kino. Eia kekahi laʻana:
- Koko
- Mimi
- Noho
- ʻIwi iwi
- Luha
Hiki ke lawe ʻia kahi hāpana koko mai kou lima. Inā he mimi, lawai, a i ʻole he hāpana ʻōpala, e hāʻawi ʻia ʻoe i nā kuhikuhi no ke ʻano o ka lawe ʻana. No ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi hāpana iwi, pono ʻoe e hana i kahi ʻoki liʻiliʻi i kapa ʻia ʻo "Bone Marrow Biopsy".
2. Nā Māka ʻIʻo Puʻupuʻu: Loaʻa kēia mau mea i loko o ka puʻupuʻu.
- No ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i kēia mau mea, pono ke kauka e lawe i kahi ʻāpana liʻiliʻi o ke kanesa (he biopsy) a hoʻouna aku i kahi keʻena hoʻokolohua, kahi e kālailai ʻia ai kēia mau māka.
ʻElua mau ʻano o nā māka tumor i hoʻohana pinepine ʻia
Nui nā ʻano māka puʻupuʻu i hoʻohana ʻia no nā ʻano maʻi kanesa he nui. Hāʻawi ka papa ma lalo nei i kahi wehewehe maʻalahi o kekahi o nā mea i hoʻohana pinepine ʻia.
| Inoa Māka | Nā ʻano maʻi kanesa e hoʻāʻo ʻia nei | ʻO ka hāpana e hoʻāʻo ʻia |
|---|---|---|
| AFP (Alpha-fetoprotein) | No ka ʻike ʻana i ke kanesa o ke akepaʻa, ke kanesa o ka testicular, a me nā maʻi ʻōpū germ cell ʻē aʻe a me ke ana ʻana i ka holomua o ka lāʻau lapaʻau. | He hāpana koko |
| ʻO BRCA1 a me BRCA2Nā hoʻololi genetic | No ka loiloi ʻana i ka pilikia, ka hōʻailona, a me ka hoʻolālā mālama ʻana no ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma a me ke kanesa ovarian. | He laʻana o ke koko, ka lawai, a i ʻole ka ʻiʻo kanesa |
| CA 19-9 | No ke ana ʻana i ka holomua o nā lāʻau lapaʻau no nā maʻi ʻaʻai o ka pancreas, ka gallbladder, ke kahawai bile, a me ka ʻōpū. | He hāpana koko |
| CEA (Carcinoembryonic antigen) | No ka ʻike ʻana inā ua holomua ka mālama ʻana no ka maʻi ʻaʻai colon, inā ua pālahalaha ke kanesa, a inā ua hoʻi mai. | He hāpana koko |
| PSA (Prostate-specific antigen) | No ka ʻike ʻana i ke kanesa prostate i nā kāne, e ana i ka holomua o ka lāʻau lapaʻau, a ʻike inā ua hoʻi mai ke kanesa. | He hāpana koko |
| ʻO ka tiroglobulin | Ma hope o ka mālama ʻana no ke kanesa thyroid, e nānā i ka holomua o ka mālama ʻana, a inā paha ua hoʻi mai ke kanesa. | He hāpana koko |
Pehea e hoʻomaopopo ai i ka hōʻike hoʻāʻo?
ʻO kēia ka nīnau nui loa a ka poʻe he nui. He mea maopopo ke makaʻu, "He nui loa kaʻu mau māka ma kaʻu hōʻike, he aha ka mea e hana nei i kēia manawa?" E kamaʻilio maopopo kākou e pili ana i ia mea.
He aha ka manaʻo inā hoʻokiʻekiʻe ʻia nā māka tumor?
Hōʻike nā pae kiʻekiʻe o nā māka tumor i ke alo o ka maʻi kanesa. A i ʻole, e ulu ana paha kahi maʻi kanesa a laha paha i nā wahi ʻē aʻe (metastasized).
Akā, ʻo ka mea nui loa, ʻoiai ua kiʻekiʻe nā māka puʻupuʻu, ʻaʻole ia he manaʻo he 100% kou maʻi kanesa. ʻAʻole kēia he hōʻailona maʻamau.
E hoʻoholo kāu kauka ma ka nānā ʻana i kēia hōʻike, kāu mau hōʻailona, a me kāu mau hopena hoʻāʻo ʻē aʻe a pau. No laila, mai hopohopo ma ka nānā wale ʻana i nā helu ma ka hōʻike. E kamaʻilio me kāu kauka e pili ana i ia mea.
He aha ka manaʻo ke emi iho nā hōʻailona tumor?
He nūhou maikaʻi kēia maʻamau. ʻO ka emi ʻana o nā pae māka tumor i ka wā o ka mālama ʻana, ʻo ia hoʻi ke hana nei kāu lāʻau a ke kāohi ʻia nei nā hunaola kanesa. Akā i kekahi manawa hiki ke loli kēia mau pae i ka wā o ka mālama ʻana. ʻO ia ke kumu e nānā ai kāu kauka i kēia mau pae i ka hala ʻana o ka manawa, ma mua o ka hilinaʻi ʻana i hoʻokahi hoʻāʻo.
Hiki ke hoʻokiʻekiʻe ʻia nā māka tumor ʻoiai me ka ʻole o ka maʻi kanesa?
ʻAe, hiki nō. He mea kēia a ka poʻe he nui i ʻike ʻole ai, akā he mea nui e ʻike. Hiki ke hoʻokiʻekiʻe ʻia nā pae o ka hōʻailona tumor ma muli o kekahi mau kūlana olakino maʻamau, ʻaʻole maʻi kanesa. ʻO ia ke kumu e ʻōlelo ai mākou ʻaʻole hoʻohana ʻia kēia hoʻāʻo wale nō e hōʻoia i ka maʻi kanesa.
Aia ma lalo iho kekahi mau kūlana ʻaʻole maʻi kanesa.
| Kūlana | Nā Māka Hiki ke Hoʻopilikia ʻia |
|---|---|
| Anemia | Hiki ke hoʻopilikia ʻia nā pae māka like ʻole. |
| Maʻi thyroid | Hiki ke hoʻopilikia ʻia nā māka e like me CEA. |
| Nā cysts ovarian | Hiki ke hoʻokiʻekiʻe ʻia ka CA-125 (kahi māka no ka maʻi ʻaʻai ovarian). |
| Maʻi puʻupaʻa | Hiki ke piʻi aʻe ka pae o nā māka he nui no ka mea ʻaʻole i lawe pono ʻia mai ke kino. |
| Nā maʻi o ke akepaʻa (e like me ka Hepatitis) | Hiki ke hoʻonui ʻia nā māka e like me AFP a me CEA. |
| Hāpai keiki | ʻO kekahi mau māka, e like me ka AFP, e piʻi maoli. |
Hiki ke ʻike ʻia nā maʻi kanesa a pau me kēia ʻano hana?
ʻAʻole. E like me ka mea i ʻike ʻia, ʻaʻohe mau māka puʻupuʻu e pili ana i nā ʻano maʻi kanesa āpau. I ia mau hihia, hilinaʻi nui ke kauka i nā ʻano hana ʻē aʻe e like me nā scan `CT`, nā scan `MRI`, nā scan `PET` a me nā biopsies no ka ʻike ʻana a me ka nānā ʻana i ka mālama ʻana.
Leka Lawe-Home
- ʻO nā māka tumor he mau hōʻailona i loko o ko mākou kino e hāʻawi i ka ʻike a me nā hōʻailona e pili ana i ka maʻi kanesa.
- ʻAʻole hiki ke hoʻoholo i ke alo o ka maʻi kanesa ma muli o kēia hoʻokolohua wale nō. Pono maoli nā hoʻokolohua ʻē aʻe no kēlā.
- Hiki ke hoʻonui ʻia nā pae māka tumor e nā kūlana olakino ʻē aʻe ʻaʻole maʻi kanesa (e laʻa, maʻi puʻupaʻa, maʻi akepaʻa).
- ʻO ka emi ʻana o kēia mau pae i ka wā o ka mālama ʻana e hōʻike paha ua holomua ka mālama ʻana. Pēlā nō, ʻo ka piʻi ʻana o nā pae ma hope o ka mālama ʻana e hōʻike paha i ka hoʻi hou ʻana o ka maʻi.
- Inā he mau nīnau kāu, kānalua, a hopohopo paha e pili ana i kāu mau hopena hoʻāʻo, ʻo ka mea maikaʻi loa a ʻo ka mea wale nō e hana ai, ʻo ia ke kamaʻilio ākea me kāu kauka e pili ana i ia mea. Mai hoʻoholo ma muli o ka ʻike i loaʻa ma ka pūnaewele.
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