Loaʻa pinepine iā ʻoe ke anu a me ka maʻi palū? A i ʻole loaʻa iā ʻoe ka ʻeha o ka ʻōpū a me ka maʻi kahe? Ma hope o kēia mau mea he nui e hoʻomaʻi ai iā mākou he ʻenemi liʻiliʻi ʻaʻole hiki iā mākou ke ʻike. Kāhea mākou i kēia poʻe he "viruses." No laila, ʻo wai kēia mau viruses? Pehea lākou e komo ai i loko o ko mākou kino a hoʻomaʻi iā mākou? I kēia lā, e kamaʻilio mākou e pili ana i kēia mau mea a pau me ka maʻalahi, ma ke ʻano hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻomaopopo.
I ka ʻōlelo maʻalahi, he aha ka maʻi virus?
He huakino liʻiliʻi loa ka maʻi (pathogen) ʻaʻole hiki iā mākou ke ʻike me ko mākou mau maka. Hiki iā lākou ke hoʻopili ʻaʻole wale i nā kānaka, nā holoholona, a me nā mea kanu, akā, i nā bacteria a me nā fungi. Eia nō naʻe, hiki i hoʻokahi maʻi ke hoʻopili i kahi ʻano kikowaena kikoʻī.
Ua like ka maʻi me kahi ʻāpana ʻike liʻiliʻi i wahī ʻia i loko o kahi "ʻeke" liʻiliʻi. Ua kapa ʻia kēia ʻeke he uhi pale i hana ʻia me ka protein, i kapa ʻia he "capsid." ʻAʻole e like me nā cell i loko o ko mākou kino, ʻaʻole hiki i nā virus ke māhele a hana i nā kope o lākou iho ma o lākou iho. Akā, komo lākou i loko o kahi cell i loko o ko mākou kino a hoʻohana i nā kumuwaiwai a me nā mīkini o kēlā cell e hana i nā tausani o nā kope o lākou iho.
E noʻonoʻo i kēia. Ua komo malū kekahi i loko o kou lumi kuke. Lawe mai lākou i kā lākou meaʻai ponoʻī, akā hoʻohana lākou i kāu mau ipu hao, nā pā, nā puna, ka mīkini wili, ka umu, nā mea āpau e hana ai i ka meaʻai. Hana like ka maʻi i ka mea like. Komo ka maʻi i loko o kekahi o kā mākou mau cell, hoʻohana i nā mea o loko o kēlā cell e hana i nā kope he nui nona iho. I ka hopena, luku ia i kēlā cell, a laila puka mai a hoʻopili i nā cell ʻē aʻe.
He aha nā ʻano nui o kahi maʻi virus?
He nui nā ʻano maʻamau o nā virus. E nānā kākou i ke ʻano o lākou.
| Hiʻona | He wehewehe maʻalahi |
|---|---|
| Mea Hoʻoilina | Ua hana ʻia kahi virus me ka ʻike genetic. Hiki i kēia ke lilo i RNA a i ʻole DNA. Aia kēia ʻike i loko o kahi ʻaʻahu protein pale (capsid). |
| Envelopa | Loaʻa i kekahi mau virus kekahi uhi momona ʻē aʻe ma waho o ke capsid. Kāhea mākou i kēia he 'envelope'. ʻO nā virus me ka ʻole o kēia ʻano uhi ʻia ua kapa ʻia ʻo "nā virus ʻōlohelohe". |
| ʻAno Parasitic | Ua like nā virus me nā parasites. ʻAʻole hiki iā lākou ke ola a hoʻohua paha ma o lākou iho. Pono maoli lākou i kahi cell ola ʻē aʻe (kahi cell host) e hana pēlā. |
| Liʻiliʻi loa ka nui | He mau ʻāpana liʻiliʻi nā virus ma mua o kahi cell i loko o ko kākou kino he 100 a 1000 manawa . ʻAʻole hiki ke ʻike ʻia me kahi microscope maʻamau, pono lākou i kahi microscope electron. |
He aha nā ʻano virus a mākou e lohe pinepine ai?
He mau tausani ʻano virus. Ua māhele ʻia lākou i nā hui like ʻole ma muli o ko lākou ʻano, ka nui, a me nā mea genetic. E nānā kākou i kekahi mau ʻano virus a mākou e lohe pinepine ai a he mea nui iā mākou.
- Nā maʻi palū: ʻO kēia nā mea e hoʻoulu ai i ke anu maʻamau a me ka maʻi palū. ʻO nā maʻi palū o kēia ʻohana ke kuleana no nā mea e like me ka maʻi manu a me ka maʻi puaʻa.
- Nā maʻi herpes kanaka: He ʻohana nui kēia o nā maʻi. Hoʻoulu kēia mau maʻi i nā ʻano maʻi like ʻole, me nā ʻeha anu, nā herpes genital, ka moa, a me nā shingles.
- Nā Coronavirus: ʻO ka maʻi COVID-19 i hoʻopōʻino i ka honua i hala koke nei ua hoʻokumu ʻia e kahi maʻi mai kēia ʻohana. Eia nō naʻe, aia kekahi mau ʻano coronavirus e hoʻoulu ai i ke anu maʻamau.
- ʻO nā maʻi papilloma kanaka (HPV): Hoʻoulu kēia mau maʻi i nā ʻōhū ma ka ʻili. Hiki i kekahi ʻano HPV ke hoʻoulu i nā maʻi kanesa e like me ke kanesa cervical.
- Nā maʻi Hepatitis: ʻO kēia nā maʻi e hoʻopilikia i ko kākou ake. ʻO ka Hepatitis A, B, a me C nā ʻano nui.
- Nā Retrovirus: He mau virus RNA kēia. No kēia hui ka virus HIV. Hiki i kēia mau virus ke hoʻokomo i kā lākou ʻike genetic i loko o kā mākou DNA ponoʻī.
Loaʻa i kekahi mau maʻi ke hiki ke hoʻoulu i ka maʻi kanesa. Kāhea mākou iā lākou he oncoviruses. ʻO HPV, hepatitis B a me C, a me HIV kekahi o kēia mau maʻi.
Pehea e komo ai nā virus i loko o ko kākou kino?
Ua like nā virus me nā ʻaihue, ke ʻimi nei lākou i nā puka e komo ai i loko o ko kākou kino. Komo nui lākou ma o nā membrane mucous o ko kākou mau maka, ihu, waha, a me nā ʻōpū. ʻO ia hoʻi:
- Ma ka hanu ʻana i nā kulu liʻiliʻi mai ka mea maʻi i ka ʻū ʻana a i ʻole ka maʻi ʻana.
- Ma ka hoʻopā ʻana i kahi ʻili i haumia ʻia me ka maʻi a laila hoʻopā i kou mau maka, ihu, a waha paha me ka lima hoʻokahi.
- Ka moe kolohe me ka pale ʻole me ka mea i loaʻa i ka maʻi.
- Ma ka ʻai ʻana i ke koko i loaʻa i ka maʻi.
Hiki i nā huakino ke komo i loko o ke kino ma o kahi ʻeha ʻili, kahi ʻōpala, a i ʻole ka nahu ʻana mai kahi holoholona e like me ka makika a i ʻole ka ʻuku (e like me ka dengue, Zika).
He aha ka hana a nā maʻi ma hope o ke komo ʻana i ke kino?
He paʻakikī loa ke kaʻina hana e hoʻopili ai kahi maʻi i kā mākou mau cell. Hiki ke hana i ʻelua mau pōʻaiapuni nui.
1. Kaʻapuni Lytic
ʻO kēia ke ʻano hana wikiwiki a ikaika hoʻi.
- Hoʻopili a me ke komo ʻana: Hoʻopili ka maʻi i ka ʻili o kekahi o kā mākou mau cell. A laila hoʻopunipuni ia i ke kelepona e komo.
- Ke hana hou ʻana: Ke komo i loko o kahi pūnaewele, lawe ka maʻi i ke kaohi o ke kelepona. A laila hoʻohana ia i nā kumuwaiwai o ke kelepona e hana i nā tausani kope o kāna mea hoʻoilina a me nā ʻaʻahu protein.
- Hoʻākoakoa: Ua hui pū nā ʻāpana i hana hou ʻia e hana i nā ʻāpana virus hou loa.
- Hoʻokuʻu ʻia: Hoʻonui ʻia ka nui o nā maʻi i loko o ke kelepona, a i ka hopena e pahū ke kelepona. A laila puka mai nā tausani o nā maʻi hou a hoʻomaka e hoʻopili i nā kelepona olakino a puni lākou. ʻO kēia ka mea e hana ʻia i nā maʻi e like me ke anu maʻamau a me ka maʻi palū.
2. Kaʻapuni Lysogenic
He ʻano hana hūnā a leo ʻole kēia.
- ʻAʻole luku kekahi mau virus i kahi cell ma hope o ke komo ʻana i loko. Akā, hoʻohui ka virus i kāna ʻike genetic (DNA) i loko o ka DNA o ke cell.
- I kēia manawa, ke māhele maʻamau ke kelepona, hoʻoilina kēlā me kēia kelepona hou i kēlā ʻāpana DNA mai ka maʻi. ʻAʻole ʻike ke kelepona aia ka maʻi ma laila.
- Ma kēia ʻano, hiki i ka maʻi ke noho hūnā i loko o ke kino no nā makahiki, me ka ʻole o ka hōʻike ʻana i kekahi mau hōʻailona.
- Eia nō naʻe, no kekahi kumu (e like me ke kaumaha, ka maʻi a me ka nāwaliwali o ka pale ʻana), hiki i kēia maʻi leo ʻole ke lilo koke i mea hana. A laila hoʻololi ia i ka pōʻaiapuni lytic a hoʻomaka e hoʻopilikia i nā cell ma ka luku ʻana iā lākou. ʻO ka maʻi herpes e hoʻoulu ai i nā pehu i loko o ka waha, a me ka herpes zoster ``(shingles)`` e kū mai ana ma hope o ka chickenpox he mau laʻana maikaʻi ia o kēia.
Ke ola nei nā virus a i ʻole?
He mea paʻakikī iki kēia. Aia nā manaʻo like ʻole e pili ana i kēia ma waena o nā kānaka ʻepekema. Ma ke ʻano laulā, i kapa ʻia he meaola, pono ia e hiki ke hoʻopuka i ka ikehu ma kāna iho (metabolism) a hoʻohua hou ma kāna iho. ʻAʻole hiki i kahi virus ke hana i nā mea ʻelua. Pono maoli ia i kahi cell ʻē aʻe. ʻO ia ke kumu e ʻōlelo ai ka poʻe he nui he ola ʻole nā virus.
Eia nō naʻe, hiki iā lākou ke hoʻohua hou i loko o kahi kelepona a ulu aʻe i ka hala ʻana o ka manawa, ʻo ia ke kumu e ʻōlelo ai kekahi aia lākou ma waena o ke ola a me ke ola ʻole.
He aha nā maʻi maʻamau i hoʻokumu ʻia e nā virus?
ʻO nā virus ke kumu o nā maʻi he nui a mākou e kū nei i ko mākou ola o kēlā me kēia lā. Eia kekahi mau laʻana:
- Anu maʻamau
- Ka maʻi palū (flu)
- COVID-19
- Dengue
- Maʻi puʻupuʻu
- Ka maʻi ahulau
- Nā ʻūpā
- Polio
- HIV/AIDS
- Nā ʻōuli genital a me ke kanesa cervical (HPV)
- ʻO ka Herpes Genital
- ʻO ka maʻi ʻalā
- Hepatitis (ka mumū o ke akepaʻa)
He ʻāpana nā virus o ko kākou honua. ʻOiai hiki i kekahi o lākou ke hoʻomaʻi iā kākou, manaʻoʻiʻo nā kānaka ʻepekema he mau triliona o nā virus e noho ana i loko o ko kākou kino me ka ʻole o ka hōʻeha. ʻO ka mea nui loa, ʻo ia ka hahai ʻana i nā hana hoʻomaʻemaʻe e pono ai a ʻimi i ke aʻo lapaʻau i ka manawa kūpono e pale aku iā ʻoe iho mai nā virus e hiki ke hoʻoulu i ka maʻi.
Leka Lawe-Home
- He mau huakino liʻiliʻi nā virus ʻaʻole hiki ke ola ma o lākou iho a koi i nā cell i loko o ko mākou kino e hana hou.
- Hiki iā lākou ke laha ma o ka lewa, ka pā ʻana, nā wai o ke kino, a me nā nahu pepeke.
- ʻO ke ala maikaʻi loa e pale aku ai iā ʻoe iho mai nā maʻi viral, ʻo ia ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana i ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe maikaʻi, e like me ka holoi pinepine ʻana i kou mau lima me ke kopa a me ka wai .
- He ala maikaʻi loa ka pale ʻana i ka lāʻau e pale aku ai i nā maʻi viral he nui.
- Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe nā hōʻailona o kahi maʻi viral (kuni, ʻeha kino, ʻū, anuanu), he mea nui e hoʻomaha nui a e ʻike i kāu kauka no ka ʻōlelo aʻo kūpono.
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