Koj puas tau hnov ​​txog cov kab mob MRSA txaus ntshai no? (Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus) Cia peb tham kom meej!

Tej zaum koj twb tau hnov ​​txog cov "superbugs" no hauv ntawv xov xwm, hauv TV, lossis lwm tus neeg tham, puas yog? Qhov ntawd txhais tau tias muaj qee cov kab mob uas tsis raug cuam tshuam los ntawm cov tshuaj tua kab mob ib txwm uas peb muab los kho tus kab mob, uas yog, lawv tiv taus. MRSA yog ib qho zoo li no, txaus ntshai me ntsis, nyuaj kho cov kab mob. Vim tias qhov no tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau ntau tus neeg, cia peb kawm ntxiv txog MRSA hnub no. Vim tias, kev paub txog tej yam zoo li no yog qhov tseem ceeb heev rau koj thiab kuv, rau peb txhua tus.

MRSA yog dab tsi tiag?

Zoo, tam sim no cia peb saib seb MRSA txhais li cas. Lub npe luv MRSA yog los ntawm lub npe Askiv ntev 'Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus'. Txawm hais tias lub npe yuav zoo li nyuaj me ntsis, hauv cov lus yooj yim nws yog raws li nram no: 'Staphylococcus aureus' yog ib hom kab mob uas feem ntau tuaj yeem nyob ntawm peb daim tawv nqaij. Txawm li cas los xij, MRSA no yog ib hom kab mob tshwj xeeb ntawm 'Staphylococcus aureus'. Qhov tshwj xeeb txog qhov no yog tias cov kab mob no tiv taus ntau lwm yam tshuaj tua kab mob muaj zog, suav nrog cov tshuaj tua kab mob 'Methicillin'. Qhov ntawd txhais tau tias txawm tias muaj cov tshuaj no, nws nyuaj heev rau tua cov kab mob MRSA. Yog vim li cas kev kho nws kuj yog ib qho kev sib tw.

Qhov txawv ntawm tus kab mob Staph ib txwm muaj thiab tus kab mob MRSA yog dab tsi?

Qhov no kuj yog ib qho teeb meem rau ntau tus neeg.

• Kab mob Staph: Cov no tuaj yeem yog txhua yam kab mob uas tshwm sim los ntawm cov kab mob Staphylococcus aureus . Lawv feem ntau tshwm sim ntau dua li MRSA, thiab feem ntau tuaj yeem kho tau nrog cov tshuaj tua kab mob ib txwm muaj.
• Kev Mob MRSA: Qhov no yog ib qho kev mob uas tshwm sim los ntawm ib hom kab mob Staph tshwj xeeb uas, raws li tau hais ua ntej, tiv taus ntau yam tshuaj tua kab mob. Qhov no yog vim li cas cov kab mob MRSA thiaj li loj dua thiab nyuaj kho.

Puas muaj hom kab mob MRSA?

Yog, cov kab mob MRSA muaj ob hom loj raws li qhov chaw ib puag ncig: 1. MRSA uas tau los ntawm kev kho mob (HA-MRSA): Hom no feem ntau kis tau ntawm cov neeg hauv cov chaw kho mob xws li tsev kho mob thiab cov tsev laus. 2. MRSA uas tau los ntawm zej zog (CA-MRSA): Qhov no yog ib yam dab tsi uas tau pom ntau dua thiab ntau dua txij li xyoo 1980. Qhov tshwj xeeb yog tias nws kuj tuaj yeem tshwm sim rau cov neeg noj qab haus huv uas tsis tau mus rau tsev kho mob lossis chaw kho mob. Nov yog qee hom kab mob uas tuaj yeem tshwm sim los ntawm MRSA:

• Kab mob ntawm daim tawv nqaij thiab cov nqaij mos (SSTIs): Qhov no yog qhov feem ntau.
• Mob ntsws o :Kev kis kab mob uas cuam tshuam rau lub ntsws.
• Kab mob pob txha thiab pob qij txha (Osteomyelitis): Cuam tshuam rau cov pob txha thiab pob qij txha.
• Kab mob kis rau hauv cov ntshav ( Bacteremia ): Cov kab mob nkag mus rau hauv cov ntshav. Qhov no yog ib qho mob txaus ntshai.
• Endocarditis : Kev kis mob ntawm phab ntsa sab hauv ntawm lub plawv.

Cov tsos mob ntawm MRSA yog dab tsi?

Cov tsos mob ntawm MRSA yuav txawv nyob ntawm seb koj kis tau tus kab mob li cas. Txawm li cas los xij, qee cov tsos mob uas pom ntau muaj xws li:

• Ua npaws.
• Mob ntawm qhov chaw mob.
• Liab, xim tsis zoo, o, mob, muaj kua paug lossis kua dej puv daim tawv nqaij. Qee zaum tus kab mob MRSA no zoo li raug kab laug sab tom. Yog li koj yuav tsum ceev faj.
• Hnoos.
• Ua pa nyuaj.
• Mob hauv siab.
• Xav tias nkees heev (Qaug zog).
• Mob nqaij lossis mob pob qij txha.

Yog tias koj muaj ib lossis ntau yam ntawm cov tsos mob no, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tias muaj qhov txhab ntawm daim tawv nqaij, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum nrhiav kev pab kho mob.

Dab tsi ua rau muaj MRSA?

Muaj ntau yam ua rau cov kab mob Staphylococcus aureus tsis kam tiv thaiv tshuaj tua kab mob.

• Qee zaum qhov no tshwm sim ntuj tsim nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig.
• Lwm lub sijhawm, cov kab mob tsim cov txheej txheem tiv thaiv kom dim ntawm cov tshuaj tua kab mob, zoo li tsim ib daim ntaub thaiv los tiv thaiv lawv tus kheej ntawm tus yeeb ncuab.
• Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv cov chaw xws li tsev kho mob, kev siv tshuaj tua kab mob ntau zaus tuaj yeem ua rau cov kab mob tiv taus lawv.

Methicillin yog ib hom tshuaj tua kab mob uas muaj feem cuam tshuam nrog penicillin. Txawm hais tias lub npe MRSA hais tias "tsis haum methicillin," cov kab mob MRSA yeej tiv taus ntau lwm yam tshuaj tua kab mob. Piv txwv li:

• Lwm hom tshuaj 'Penicillin' (piv txwv li 'Amoxicillin', 'Ampicillin')
• Cov tshuaj Cephalosporins (piv txwv li, Cefepime)
• `Carbapenems` (piv txwv li `Meropenem`, `Imipenem`)

Feem ntau, tus kab mob MRSA uas kis hauv tsev kho mob (HA-MRSA) tiv taus ntau yam tshuaj tua kab mob dua li tus kab mob MRSA uas kis hauv zej zog (CA-MRSA).

MRSA kis tau li cas?

Qhov no kuj yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev. Ib txhia neeg muaj cov kab mob MRSA ntawm lawv daim tawv nqaij lossis hauv lawv lub qhov ntswg, tab sis lawv tsis mob. Qhov no hu ua kev loj hlob ntawm cov kab mob hauv lub cev.Yog tias koj muaj MRSA nyob hauv koj lub cev, txawm tias koj tsis muaj tsos mob los xij, kev kuaj qhov ntswg lossis daim tawv nqaij yuav qhia tias koj muaj MRSA. Koj tuaj yeem kis MRSA rau lwm tus los ntawm ib tus neeg uas muaj nws. Muaj ntau txoj hauv kev uas MRSA tuaj yeem kis tau:

• Los ntawm kev sib cuag ncaj qha nrog ib tus neeg uas muaj tus kab mob MRSA lossis muaj tus kab mob MRSA.
• Los ntawm kev kov cov khoom lossis cov chaw uas muaj cov kab mob MRSA. Qee zaum MRSA tuaj yeem nyob rau ntawm cov chaw tau ntau lub lis piam!
• Los ntawm kev sib koom cov khoom ntiag tug uas muaj cov kab mob sib kis. Piv txwv li, cov ntaub pua chaw pw, khaub ncaws, cov khoom siv kho mob lossis cov khoom siv ua si, cov phuam da dej, cov riam txiav plaub hau, cov khoom siv noj mov, thiab lwm yam.
• Los ntawm cov khoom siv kho mob uas muaj kab mob uas ntxig rau hauv lub cev (piv txwv li, txoj hlab ntshav hauv nruab nrab, lub raj ua pa).

Yog, MRSA yog ib yam kab mob sib kis tau. Nws tuaj yeem kis tau los ntawm kev sib chwv ntawm daim tawv nqaij lossis los ntawm kev kov cov chaw uas muaj cov kab mob sib kis. Qee zaum nws tuaj yeem kis tau ntawm cov tswv cuab hauv tsev neeg lossis cov neeg nyob hauv tib lub tsev.

Leej twg muaj feem yuav mob MRSA ntau dua?

Muaj ib txhia neeg muaj feem yuav kis tau tus kab mob MRSA ntau dua li lwm tus. Cov no suav nrog:

• Cov neeg uas txhaj tshuaj yeeb tsis raug cai rau hauv lawv lub cev.
• Cov neeg uas ua si kis las uas yuav tsum tau sib cuag ze (piv txwv li, rugby).
• Cov neeg ua haujlwm hauv ib lub tsev kho mob.
• Cov neeg nyob ua ke ua pawg (piv txwv li, cov tub rog nyob hauv tsev loj cuj, cov tsev loj cuj).
• Cov neeg uas muaj tej yam kab mob uas ua rau lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob tsis muaj zog (piv txwv li, ntshav qab zib, kab mob raum, HIV, mob qog noj ntshav).
• Cov neeg noj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob.
• Cov neeg uas muaj ib yam khoom siv kho mob ntxig rau hauv lawv lub cev (piv txwv li, ib qho pob qij txha cuav).
• Cov neeg uas tau siv sijhawm ntev hauv tsev kho mob lossis hauv chaw saib xyuas neeg mob mus ntev.

Tej yam teeb meem uas yuav tshwm sim los ntawm tus kab mob MRSA yog dab tsi?

Yog tias cov kws kho mob tsis muaj peev xwm tswj tau tus kab mob MRSA nrog cov tshuaj tua kab mob, nws tuaj yeem ua rau muaj teeb meem loj heev. Ib txhia ntawm cov no suav nrog:

• Kab mob Sepsis thiab septic shock: Qhov no yog kev teb sai sai los ntawm lub cev rau kev kis kab mob. Qhov no tuaj yeem ua rau cov ntshav qis, cov nqaij puas tsuaj, thiab cov kab mob tsis ua haujlwm.
• Kev ua pa tsis zoo thiab ua tsis tau haujlwm.
• Poob ntawm cov ceg uas muaj kab mob (kev txiav ceg).

Tej yam zoo li no yog vim li cas peb thiaj li yuav tsum txhawj xeeb txog MRSA.

Yuav ua li cas thiaj paub txog MRSA?

Ib tug kws kho mob kuaj pom tias muaj tus kab mob MRSA los ntawm kev coj cov qauv ntawm lub cev nqaij daim tawv lossis cov kua dej thiab xa mus rau chav kuaj mob kom kuaj. Lawv yuav sim cog (kuaj) cov kab mob los ntawm cov qauv. Cov hom qauv uas tuaj yeem kuaj tau yog:

• Ntshav.
• Cov ntaub so ntswg los ntawm qhov txhab.
• Cov zis.
• Hnoos qeev (cov hnoos qeev uas tawm hauv lub ntsws thaum hnoos)

Qee zaum cov kws kho mob kuj muab ib qho qauv ntawm daim tawv nqaij lossis lub qhov ntswg (nasal swab) los xyuas seb puas muaj MRSA nyob hauv.

Yuav kho tus kab mob MRSA li cas?

Thaum kho cov kab mob MRSA, cov kws kho mob tsom mus rau ob yam tseem ceeb: 1. Saib xyuas cov qhov txhab qhib kom zoo. 2. Nrhiav cov tshuaj tua kab mob uas zoo rau cov kab mob MRSA uas koj muaj. Cov qhov txhab raug kho los ntawm kev rho cov kua qaub tawm ntawm qhov txhab, thiab qee zaum yuav tsum tau phais kom tshem tawm cov nqaij uas muaj kab mob. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov khoom cuav (xws li cov pob qij txha cuav) uas tau muab tso rau hauv lub cev yuav raug tshem tawm yog tias lawv kis kab mob. Cov kab mob MRSA loj heev raug kho hauv tsev kho mob nrog cov tshuaj tua kab mob hauv cov hlab ntsha (IV).

Cov tshuaj tua kab mob siv rau kev kis tus kab mob MRSA

Muaj ntau hom tshuaj tua kab mob uas siv tau rau MRSA. Tiam sis nco ntsoov, cov no tsuas yog yuav tsum muab rau tus kws kho mob raws li kev pom zoo xwb.

• Tshuaj Vancomycin
• `Rifampin`
• `Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMX)`
• Ceftaroline
• Linezolid
• Daptomycin
• Clindamycin
• Doxycycline (Doxycycline)
• Delafloxacin

Qee zaum MRSA raug hu ua "superbug" vim nws tiv taus ntau yam tshuaj tua kab mob, ua rau nws nyuaj rau kho. Qee zaum cov kws kho mob yuav txiav txim siab muab ntau tshaj ib yam tshuaj tua kab mob tib lub sijhawm los tua cov kab mob no.

Yuav ua li cas thiaj tiv thaiv koj tus kheej ntawm MRSA?

Cov neeg ua haujlwm kho mob ua raws li ntau yam kev nyab xeeb thiab kev tua kab mob kom tiv thaiv kev kis kab mob los ntawm kev kho mob xws li MRSA. Qee qhov ntawm cov no suav nrog:

• Ntxuav koj txhais tes ntau zaus.
• Tua kab mob rau saum npoo.
• Kev ua kom cov khoom siv kho mob tsis muaj kab mob.
• Tshuaj ntsuam cov neeg mob thiab cov qhua tuaj xyuas tsev kho mob thiab cov tsev kho mob.
• Kev cais/cais cov neeg uas muaj tus kab mob MRSA yuav tiv thaiv kev kis mus rau lwm tus.

Muaj ob peb kauj ruam uas koj ua tau los tiv thaiv koj tus kheej ntawm MRSA (CA-MRSA) hauv zej zog:

• Yog tias muaj cov qhov txhab, ua kom lawv huv si thiab qhwv lawv kom zoo.
• Tsis txhob sib koom cov khoom siv ntiag tug xws li phuam da dej thiab rab chais plaub hau nrog lwm tus.
• Tsis txhob siv cov koob txhaj tshuaj (txawm tias yog koj li) uas siv los txhaj tshuaj yeeb lossis tshuaj tsis raug cai.
• Tshem daim phuam ua ntej zaum liab qab ntawm lub rooj zaum hauv chav hloov khaub ncaws ntawm lub chaw dhia ua si.
• Ntxuav cov ntaub pua chaw pw, phuam da dej, thiab khaub ncaws ua si tsis tu ncua hauv dej kub. Ziab kom qhuav. Tsis tas yuav siv tshuaj dawb, thiab tsis tas yuav ntxuav cov khoom uas yuav qias neeg cais.
• Da dej tam sim ntawd tom qab ua si nawv lossis ua tej yam uas ua rau koj muaj feem kis tau tus kab mob MRSA.
• So cov chaw uas koj nquag kov xws li cov qhov hluav taws xob, cov chaw taws teeb tswj, thiab cov khoom siv kis las nrog cov tshuaj tua kab mob. Saib daim ntawv lo kom pom cov tshuaj tua kab mob twg tua tau cov kab mob Staph.
• Ntxuav koj txhais tes ntau zaus nrog xab npum thiab dej sov tsawg kawg yog 20 vib nas this. Yog tias ntxuav koj txhais tes tsis tau, siv cov tshuaj ntxuav tes uas muaj cawv .

Yog koj muaj ib yam khoom siv kho mob, xws li ib lub catheter, uas tau muab tso rau hauv koj lub cev, nug koj tus kws kho mob seb yuav tsum khaws cia ntev npaum li cas thiab yuav tiv thaiv koj tus kheej li cas ntawm kev kis kab mob thaum lub sijhawm ntawd.

Yog koj muaj tus kab mob MRSA, koj yuav tsum xav li cas?

Yog koj muaj kab mob ntawm daim tawv nqaij, koj tus kws kho mob yuav kho nws los ntawm kev txiav qhov txhab thiab rho cov kua qaub tawm. Koj kuj tseem yuav tau khawb daim tawv nqaij lossis noj tshuaj tua kab mob. Txawm li cas los xij, yog tias koj muaj kab mob MRSA loj lossis dav dav, koj yuav tsum nyob hauv tsev kho mob kom tau txais kev kho mob. MRSA uas tau los ntawm zej zog (CA-MRSA), tshwj xeeb tshaj yog kab mob ntawm daim tawv nqaij, yuav yooj yim dua rau kev kho dua li MRSA uas tau los ntawm tsev kho mob (HA-MRSA). Txawm li cas los xij, kwv yees li 70% ntawm cov kab mob MRSA ntawm daim tawv nqaij yuav rov tshwm sim txawm tias tom qab kho tau zoo. Qhov no tuaj yeem yog vim lwm tus neeg koj nyob nrog tau muaj MRSA nyob ua ke, lossis vim tias cov kab mob MRSA tuaj yeem nyob ntawm cov khoom thiab qhov chaw ntev, ua rau koj rov kis kab mob dua.

Yog tias kuv muaj tus kab mob MRSA, kuv puas yuav raug cais tawm ntawm lwm tus?

Yog tias koj raug kho mob hauv tsev kho mob, koj yuav raug muab tso rau hauv ib chav lossis raug txwv tshwj xeeb kom tiv thaiv kev kis tus kab mob MRSA rau lwm tus. Cov neeg ua haujlwm kho mob kuj tseem yuav hais kom cov neeg tuaj xyuas hnav hnab looj tes kho mob, tsho hnav, lossis daim npog ntsej muag.

MRSA kis tau ntev npaum li cas?

Cov kab mob MRSA tuaj yeem kis tau yog tias cov kev kuaj mob lees paub tias lawv nyob hauv koj lub cev lossis ntawm koj daim tawv nqaij. Koj tus kws kho mob yuav muab ib daim ntaub so ntswg los ntawm koj lub qhov ntswg lossis daim tawv nqaij thiab kuaj MRSA kom pom tias koj tseem kis tau.

Puas kho tau tus kab mob MRSA kom zoo tag nrho? Tus nqi tuag yog pes tsawg?

Yog lawm, ntau tshaj ib nrab ntawm cov neeg mob MRSA kho tau nrog cov tshuaj tua kab mob. Thiab, feem ntau cov kab mob MRSA ntawm daim tawv nqaij tuaj yeem kho tau zoo. Txawm li cas los xij, cov kab mob hnyav, xws li mob ntsws, mob endocarditis, thiab mob bacteremia, tuaj yeem mob hnyav dua ua ntej tus kws kho mob tuaj yeem nrhiav kev kho mob zoo. Tus nqi tuag rau MRSA sib txawv nyob ntawm qhov chaw kis tus kab mob. Piv txwv li, yog tias MRSA ua rau mob bacteremia hauv cov ntshav - daim ntawv hnyav tshaj plaws - tus nqi tuag tuaj yeem nyob nruab nrab ntawm 20% thiab 50%. Qhov ntawd muab rau koj lub tswv yim ntawm qhov no tuaj yeem loj npaum li cas.

Thaum twg koj yuav tsum mus ntsib kws kho mob?

Yog tias koj muaj ib yam khoom siv kho mob hauv koj lub cev lossis yog tias koj lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob tsis muaj zog, nug koj tus kws kho mob seb koj yuav tsum ceev faj txog cov cim qhia txog kev kis kab mob. Mus ntsib koj tus kws kho mob yog tias koj muaj cov tsos mob txawv txawv. Ib txwm mus ntsib kws kho mob yog tias koj muaj qhov txhab loj lossis qhov txhab uas tsis kho. Txawm tias thaum koj nyob hauv tsev kho mob, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom sib txuas lus zoo nrog koj pab neeg kho mob. Qhia rau lawv yog tias koj muaj cov cim qhia txog kev kis kab mob, xws li mob, lub plawv dhia ceev, qaug zog, lossis kub taub hau.

Thaum twg koj yuav tsum mus rau Chav Kho Mob Thaum Muaj Xwm Ceev (ETU) ?

Yog tias koj muaj ib qho ntawm cov tsos mob loj no, mus rau chav kho mob ceev tam sim ntawd:

• Yog tias qhov kub taub hau siab tshaj 103 degrees Fahrenheit (40 degrees Celsius).
• Yog tias qhov txhab mob, tsw phem, lossis puv nrog cov kua ntsuab, daj, lossis xim av.
• Mob hauv siab.
• Ua pa nyuaj.
• Ntshav siab poob qis sai sai (cov tsos mob: tsis muaj zog, kiv taub hau, tsaus muag).

Koj yuav tsum nug tus kws kho mob li cas?

Thaum koj nrog ib tug kws kho mob tham txog MRSA, nws yuav pab tau yog koj nug cov lus nug no:

• Kuv muaj cov kev kho mob twg?
• Kuv rov qab mus ua haujlwm/tsev kawm ntawv thaum twg?
• Kuv yuav ua li cas thiaj tiv thaiv tau kuv tus kheej kom tsis txhob kis MRSA rau lwm tus?
• Kuv yuav ua li cas thiaj li tiv thaiv tau hom kev kis kab mob no kom tsis txhob tshwm sim yav tom ntej?

Thaum kawg, tej yam uas yuav tsum nco ntsoov

Tej zaum koj yuav tau hnov ​​​​​​cov xov xwm txaus ntshai txog MRSA. Txawm li cas los xij, cov neeg ua haujlwm kho mob tab tom ua haujlwm hnyav kom tiv thaiv nws kom tsis txhob kis mus rau hauv tsev kho mob thiab lwm qhov chaw, thiab cov neeg mob MRSA (HA-MRSA) hauv tsev kho mob tab tom txo qis hauv Tebchaws Meskas thiab Tebchaws Europe. Txawm li cas los xij, txhua hom MRSA tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev kis kab mob uas tuaj yeem ua rau tuag taus. Yog tias koj muaj cov tsos mob ntawm kev kis kab mob loj lossis qhov txhab uas yuav tsis kho, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tias koj muaj cov khoom siv kho mob lossis lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob tsis muaj zog, nrhiav kev pab kho mob tam sim ntawd. Qhia rau koj tus kws kho mob txog txhua yam mob uas koj muaj, txhua yam khoom siv uas koj muaj, lossis yog tias koj nyuam qhuav siv sijhawm ntau hauv tsev kho mob. Cov ntaub ntawv no tuaj yeem pab lawv kuaj mob qhov ua rau koj cov tsos mob thiab kho txhua yam kev kis kab mob sai li sai tau. Kev paub yog qhov kev tiv thaiv zoo tshaj plaws tiv thaiv kev kis kab mob! MRSA, Staphylococcus aureus uas tiv taus methicillin, kev kis kab mob ntawm cov kab mob, kev tiv thaiv tshuaj tua kab mob, kev kis kab mob ntawm daim tawv nqaij, kev kis kab mob hauv tsev kho mob, kev kis kab mob hauv zej zog