Koj puas tau xav tias tsuas yog ib qho kev pab xwb, koj tuaj yeem cawm tau tag nrho lub neej ntawm ib tus neeg uas raug kev txom nyem los ntawm tus kab mob loj xws li leukemia? Qhov ntawd puas tsis zoo kawg nkaus? Qhov ntawd yog qhov kev pub ntshav stem cell. Hnov lub npe no tej zaum yuav zoo li ntshai me ntsis, thiab nws yuav zoo li yog ib qho teeb meem loj. Tab sis hnub no peb yuav tham txog qhov no yooj yim heev, hauv txoj kev uas koj tuaj yeem nkag siab.
Cov qe ntshav no yog dab tsi?
Hais yooj yim xwb, cov hlwb noob yog ib hom hlwb 'tswv' hauv peb lub cev. Qhov ntawd yog, cov hlwb no tuaj yeem dhau los ua txhua hom hlwb uas lub cev xav tau. Cov hlwb noob ntshav no uas peb tab tom tham txog tuaj yeem ua peb hom hlwb tseem ceeb hauv peb cov ntshav: cov hlwb ntshav liab, cov hlwb ntshav dawb, thiab cov hlwb ntshav me me. Cov hlwb no feem ntau pom muaj nyob hauv peb cov pob txha.
Yog li ntawd, thaum ib tug neeg muaj mob qog ntshav xws li mob leukemia, qhov tshwm sim yog tias lub Hoobkas tsim cov hlwb hauv cov pob txha pob txha tsis ua haujlwm. Qhov ntawd txhais tau tias es tsis txhob muaj cov hlwb noj qab haus huv, cov hlwb tsis zoo, thiab muaj mob raug tsim tawm. Thaum ntawd yuav tsum tau hloov cov hlwb noob noj qab haus huv.
Leej twg xav tau kev hloov pauv stem cell?
Muaj ntau yam kab mob uas kev kho mob no tuaj yeem cawm tau txoj sia. Feem ntau, cov no yog cov kab mob ntsig txog cov ntshav thiab lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob.
Kev kho mob no suav nrog kev rhuav tshem cov pob txha uas puas lawm thiab muaj mob ntawm tus neeg mob thiab hloov nws nrog cov hlwb noob uas tau los ntawm tus neeg noj qab nyob zoo. Cov hlwb tshiab no ces yuav nyob hauv tus neeg mob cov pob txha thiab pib tsim cov qe ntshav tshiab thiab noj qab nyob zoo.
Nov yog qee yam mob tseem ceeb uas xav tau kev kho mob no:
- Kab mob Leukemia: Mob qog noj ntshav ntawm cov qe ntshav dawb.
- Lymphoma: Mob qog ntawm lub cev lymphatic.
- Multiple Myeloma: Mob qog nqaij hlav ntawm cov hlwb pob txha.
- Aplastic Anemia: Ib qho mob uas cov pob txha tsis tuaj yeem tsim cov cell tshiab.
- Kab mob ntshav liab Sickle Cell Anemia: Ib yam kab mob uas los ntawm noob caj ces uas ua rau cov qe ntshav liab hloov pauv.
- Ntau lwm yam kab mob myeloma thiab pob txha pob txha.
Koj xaiv qhov 'haum zoo tshaj plaws' li cas?
Qhov no yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws thiab nyuaj tshaj plaws ntawm cov txheej txheem. Ib yam li hom ntshav sib phim thaum pub ntshav, kev pub cov noob hlwb xav tau kev sib phim tob dua. Qhov no hu ua HLA (Human Leukocyte Antigen) sib phim .
HLA yog ib pawg cim qhia nyob rau ntawm txhua lub cell hauv peb lub cev. Peb lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob saib cov cim qhia no kom paub seb 'qhov no yog ib feem ntawm peb lub cev' lossis 'qhov no yog ib yam dab tsi txawv teb chaws.' Cov cim qhia HLA ntawm tus neeg pub thiab tus neeg txais yuav tsum zoo ib yam li sai tau. Yog tias lawv tsis zoo ib yam, lub cev ntawm tus neeg mob yuav tsis lees txais cov cell tshiab uas tau hloov, lossis cov cell tshiab yuav tawm tsam tus neeg mob lub cev.
Cov kws kho mob nrhiav tus neeg sib tw tsim nyog raws li qhov kev txiav txim no:
1. Cov tsev neeg ze: Cov kwv tij neej tsa yog cov uas yuav sib phim zoo tshaj plaws. Kuj tseem yuav muaj kev sib phim ntawm cov niam txiv thiab cov menyuam.
2. Cov neeg pub dawb uas tsis muaj feem cuam tshuam: Yog tias tsis muaj ib tug neeg hauv tsev neeg uas phim, ces yuav tshawb nrhiav ib tus neeg uas phim los ntawm cov chaw sau npe pub dawb stem cell thoob plaws ntiaj teb.
3. Cov neeg pub dawb Haploidentical: Qee zaum, ib tug tswv cuab hauv tsev neeg (piv txwv li, niam txiv, menyuam) uas muaj cov cim HLA sib xws ib nrab kuj siv tau.
Koj puas tuaj yeem ua tus pab txhawb nqa thiab? - Cov txheej txheem ib kauj ruam zuj zus
Yog tias ib tug neeg xav ua ib yam dab tsi zoo li no, muaj ib txoj kev ua kom raug. Qhov no ua kom muaj kev nyab xeeb tshaj plaws rau tus neeg pub thiab tus neeg tau txais.
| Cov kauj ruam | Kev piav qhia |
|---|---|
| 1. Kev Sau Npe | Ua ntej, koj yuav tsum koom nrog lub npe sau npe pub dawb, qhov chaw koj sau daim ntawv nug txog koj keeb kwm kev noj qab haus huv thiab qhia koj qhov kev pom zoo. |
| 2. Kev kuaj HLA | Yuav muaj kev kuaj seb koj hom HLA yog dab tsi. Nws yooj yim heev. Koj siv ib daim paj rwb me me los so sab hauv koj lub qhov ncauj thiab xa cov qauv cell ntawd mus kuaj. |
| 3. Nrhiav ib qho kev sib phim | Yog koj hom HLA phim tus neeg mob, lub chaw sau npe yuav tiv tauj koj. Qhov no yuav siv sijhawm ntau lub hlis, tej zaum ntau xyoo. Lossis tej zaum nws yuav tsis phim li. |
| 4. Kev kuaj xyuas kom paub tseeb | Yog pom tias muaj qhov sib phim, yuav muab cov ntshav coj mus kuaj kom paub tseeb tias muaj cov ntaub ntawv ntxiv thiab sib phim. Yuav muaj kev kuaj mob tag nrho kom paub tseeb tias koj noj qab nyob zoo. |
| 5. Kev paub thiab kev pom zoo | Ib tug kws pab tswv yim yuav piav qhia tag nrho cov txheej txheem, nws cov kev pheej hmoo, thiab txhua yam rau koj. Tom qab ntawd, koj qhov kev pom zoo yuav raug lees paub. |
Leej twg tsis tsim nyog rau qhov no?
Tsis yog txhua tus neeg tuaj yeem pub cov noob hlwb. Lub hnub nyoog thiab kev noj qab haus huv yog cov yam tseem ceeb. Feem ntau, cov neeg noj qab haus huv hnub nyoog ntawm 18-40 tuaj yeem sau npe. Qee qhov xwm txheej uas yuav ua rau koj tsis tsim nyog pub suav nrog:
- Muaj tus kab mob HIV/AIDS.
- Cov kab mob autoimmune xws li mob pob qij txha hnyav (piv txwv li Rheumatoid Arthritis).
- Muaj keeb kwm mob plawv (mob plawv nres, phais bypass).
- Tau kho mob qog noj ntshav (tshwj xeeb tshaj yog hauv 5 xyoos dhau los).
- Kev siv tshuaj insulin los kho mob ntshav qab zib.
- Kev kis tus kab mob siab B lossis C.
- Kab mob raum hnyav heev.
Daim ntawv teev npe no tsis yog tag nrho. Yog tias koj xav pub nyiaj tab sis tsis paub meej tias koj puas tsim nyog pub, nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws los tham nrog koj tus kws kho mob txog qhov ntawd.
Yuav ua li cas cov txheej txheem sau qoob loo ntawm tes ua haujlwm
Thaum koj raug lees txais los ua tus pub dawb, koj yuav raug txhaj tshuaj txhua hnub pib ob peb hnub ua ntej hnub uas koj cov hlwb raug sau. Qhov no hu ua Filgrastim . Qhov kev txhaj tshuaj no ua rau koj cov pob txha pob txha tso cov hlwb loj loj rau hauv koj cov ntshav. Qhov kev txhaj tshuaj no yuav ua rau muaj cov kev mob tshwm sim me me, xws li mob lub cev, kub taub hau me ntsis, thiab mob taub hau. Txawm li cas los xij, cov no yuav ploj mus sai sai tom qab txhaj tshuaj.
Thaum hnub sau cov cell, qhov no yog qhov tshwm sim:
1. Koj yuav raug muab tso rau hauv ib lub rooj zaum lossis txaj pw uas xis nyob.
2. Yuav muab ib lub cannula (lub raj me me) ntxig rau hauv ib txoj hlab ntshav hauv koj ob txhais caj npab.
3. Ntawm ib sab tes, koj cov ntshav mus rau hauv lub tshuab. Lub tshuab no tsuas yog cais cov hlwb ntawm cov ntshav xwb.
4. Tom qab cov noob hlwb raug cais tawm, cov ntshav seem yuav rov qab los rau koj lub cev los ntawm lub cannula hauv lwm sab caj npab.
Tag nrho cov txheej txheem yuav siv sijhawm li 4-6 teev. Tej zaum yuav siv sijhawm 2-3 hnub los sau cov cell kom tau raws li qhov xav tau. Zoo li pub ntshav, tab sis nws siv sijhawm ntev dua me ntsis.
Tom qab ua qhov kev kho mob no, yuav tsis muaj kev pheej hmoo loj lossis kev phiv. Tej zaum yuav muaj ib txhia neeg uas muaj calcium tsawg me ntsis thiab mob nqaij. Thaum ntawd, pab neeg kho mob yuav muab ib lub tshuaj calcium rau koj. Tom qab pub nyiaj tiav lawm, koj tuaj yeem ua koj tej dej num li qub tau.
Cov Lus Qhia Txog Kev Coj Mus Tsev
- Kev pub cov qe ntshav dawb yog ib qho kev ua zoo, zoo li kev pub txoj sia rau ib tus neeg uas muaj cov kab mob loj xws li mob ntshav dawb.
- Qhov no yog ib txoj kev kho mob uas muaj kev nyab xeeb heev rau tus neeg pub. Yuav tsis muaj kev puas tsuaj rau koj lub cev mus sij hawm ntev.
- Yuav kom koj pub tau nyiaj, koj yuav tsum yog ib tus neeg noj qab nyob zoo thiab ua tau raws li cov lus qhia kho mob.
- Vim tias kev sib phim tus neeg pub thiab tus neeg mob nyob ntawm hom HLA, nws tuaj yeem yog qhov tshwm sim tsawg heev. Yog li ntawd, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev uas yuav tsum muaj ntau tus neeg sau npe ua tus pub.
- Yog koj xav paub ntxiv txog cov txheej txheem no, nrog koj tus kws kho mob tham txog nws. Lawv yuav muab cov lus qhia zoo rau koj.
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Tsis muaj lus teb tau muab tso tawm. Ntxiv koj cov lus tawm ntawm no thawj zaug.
Ntxiv koj cov lus