Koj puas ib txwm nkees thiab tsis muaj zog? Koj puas kiv taub hau thaum koj taug kev deb me ntsis lossis nce ntaiv? Feem ntau, peb hu qhov no ua "anemia" lossis "anemia." Muaj tseeb tiag. Tab sis, koj puas tau xav tias koj lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob, uas yog, lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob, yuav tawm tsam thiab rhuav tshem koj cov qe ntshav liab? Niaj hnub no peb tab tom tham txog ib yam kab mob tsis tshua muaj uas txhua tus neeg yuav tsum paub txog. Qhov no hu ua Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia , lossis (AIHA) luv.
Hais yooj yim xwb, AIHA no yog dab tsi?
Yuav kom nkag siab qhov no, cia peb xub saib seb qhov mob ntshav tsis txaus (anemia) yog dab tsi. Mob ntshav tsis txaus yog qhov uas cov qe ntshav liab hauv koj lub cev uas nqa oxygen tsawg zuj zus. Cov qe ntshav liab no tsim tawm hauv peb cov pob txha. Feem ntau, ib lub qe ntshav liab nyob tau li 120 hnub. Thaum cov qe ntshav no raug txo qis, cov kab mob hauv lub cev tsis tau txais cov pa oxygen txaus. Yog vim li ntawd peb thiaj li nkees thiab tsis muaj zog.
Tam sim no, muaj ib yam dab tsi txawv txawv tshwm sim hauv AIHA. Lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob , uas tiv thaiv peb lub cev ntawm kab mob, yuam kev txheeb xyuas nws cov qe ntshav liab noj qab haus huv ua "yeeb ncuab." Nws zoo li ib pab tub rog ntawm lub teb chaws tawm tsam nws cov neeg. Thaum lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob pib rhuav tshem cov qe ntshav liab li no, lawv ploj mus ntawm qhov nrawm uas cov pob txha tsis tuaj yeem ua raws li. Qee zaum, lub neej ntawm cov qe ntshav liab tsuas yog txwv rau ob peb hnub xwb. Qhov ntawd yog qhov peb hu ua Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia (AIHA).
Cov hom AIHA tseem ceeb yog dab tsi?
AIHA muaj ob hom loj. Ib hom yog raws li qhov ua rau. Qhov thib ob yog raws li qhov kub uas cov qe ntshav liab raug rhuav tshem. Cia peb saib seb cov no yog dab tsi.
| Kev faib tawm | Kev piav qhia |
|---|---|
| AIHA thawj zaug | Hauv qhov no, tsis muaj lwm yam kab mob lossis ua rau muaj mob AIHA. Qhov ntawd yog, qhov no yog ib qho mob cais tawm. |
| AIHA theem ob | Ntawm no, AIHA yog tshwm sim los ntawm lwm yam mob (piv txwv li, lwm yam kab mob autoimmune xws li lupus, qee hom mob qog noj ntshav) lossis kev kis kab mob. |
| Kev faib tawm los ntawm qhov kub thiab txias | |
| Kev Mob Ntshav Qab Zib Kub Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia | Qhov no yog hom kab mob uas feem ntau pom. Hauv hom kab mob no, lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob yuav rhuav tshem cov qe ntshav liab ntawm lossis siab dua qhov kub ntawm lub cev. Qhov no yog tshwm sim los ntawm ib hom tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob hu ua IgG. |
| Mob Ntshav Qab Zib Los Ntawm Kab Mob Khaub Thuas (CAD) | Qhov no tsis tshua muaj. Lwm lub npe rau qhov no yog Kab Mob Khaub Thuas Agglutinin (CAD). Hauv qhov no, cov qe ntshav liab raug rhuav tshem thaum lub cev raug rau qhov txias. Hom tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob uas ua rau qhov no yog IgM. |
Cov tsos mob ntawm tus mob no yog dab tsi?
Ntau cov tsos mob ntawm AIHA zoo ib yam li lwm cov ntshav tsis txaus, tab sis qee tus neeg yuav tsis muaj tsos mob dab tsi yog tias kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov qe ntshav liab hnyav txaus.
Cov tsos mob uas pom ntau zaus:
- Tsis muaj zog thiab qaug zog: Koj tseem muaj kev qaug zog heev txawm tias ua haujlwm me ntsis los xij.
- Tawv nqaij dawb: Tawv nqaij dawb, daim di ncauj, thiab rau tes.
- Tachycardia: Ib qho kev xav tias lub plawv dhia ceev txawm tias koj tsuas sawv ntsug xwb.
- Ua tsis taus pa: Qhov no tshwm sim thaum koj nkees me ntsis.
- Mob hauv siab.
- Qhov muag thiab daim tawv nqaij daj (Jaundice): Qhov no yog qhov mob uas peb hu ua jaundice.
- Cov zis tsaus: Cov zis uas muaj xim tsaus, zoo li cola.
- Xav tias puv npo: Qhov no yog vim lub qhov po loj dua.
Cov neeg uas muaj tus kab mob AIHA (CAD) hom mob khaub thuas kuj tseem yuav muaj cov tsos mob ntxiv no:
- Tes thiab taw yeej ib txwm txias.
- Tes thiab taw yuav tig xiav/liab thaum raug cua txias.
- Mob taub hau.
- Mob nraub qaum thiab mob ceg.
Cov ua rau muaj AIHA yog dab tsi?
Feem ntau, nws nyuaj rau nrhiav qhov ua rau muaj tus mob no (AIHA thawj zaug). Txawm li cas los xij, qee zaum nws tuaj yeem tshwm sim los ntawm lwm yam mob (AIHA thib ob).
- Lwm yam kab mob autoimmune: Piv txwv li, cov kab mob zoo li lupus.
- Qee hom mob qog noj ntshav:Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov mob qog nqaij hlav ntsig txog ntshav xws li leukemia (Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia) thiab lymphoma (Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma).
- Kev kis kab mob: Cov kab mob bacterial xws li *Mycoplasma pneumoniae*.
- Cov kab mob: Cov kab mob xws li Epstein-Barr virus, HIV, thiab hepatitis.
- Qee cov tshuaj: Qhov no kuj tuaj yeem tshwm sim los ntawm kev tsis haum rau qee cov tshuaj xws li penicillin thiab methyldopa.
Qhov tseem ceeb yog tias AIHA tsis yog ib yam kab mob sib kis tau. Nws yog ib qho teeb meem nrog lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob. Txawm li cas los xij, qee cov kab mob (piv txwv li Epstein-Barr) uas ua rau nws tuaj yeem kis tau los ntawm ib tus neeg mus rau ib tus neeg.
Yuav kuaj mob li cas?
Yog koj muaj cov tsos mob ntawm kev tsis muaj ntshav txaus, thawj qhov koj yuav tsum ua yog mus ntsib koj tus kws kho mob tam sim ntawd . Nws yuav nug koj txog koj cov tsos mob thiab cov tshuaj uas koj noj, thiab yuav kuaj koj. Yog tias tsim nyog, nws yuav xa koj mus rau tus kws kho mob ntshav.
Feem ntau yog ua ntau qhov kev kuaj ntshav los kuaj mob.
- Kev suav cov ntshav tag nrho (CBC): Qhov no xyuas seb muaj pes tsawg cov qe ntshav liab, cov qe ntshav dawb, thiab cov platelets. Cov qe ntshav liab tsawg yog ib qho cim qhia tias muaj ntshav tsis txaus.
- Kev Ntsuas Coombs: Qhov no yog qhov kev ntsuas tshwj xeeb tshaj plaws rau AIHA. Nws xyuas seb koj lub cev puas tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob tawm tsam cov qe ntshav liab.
- Kev Ntsuas Sab Nraud: Ib qho ntshav kuaj hauv qab lub tshuab microscope kom nrhiav tau cov cim qhia tias cov qe ntshav liab raug puas tsuaj.
- Kev Kuaj Bilirubin: Thaum cov qe ntshav liab raug rhuav tshem, qib ntawm cov tshuaj hu ua bilirubin nce ntxiv hauv cov ntshav. Qhov no yog qhov ua rau muaj xim daj.
- Tus lej ntawm cov qe ntshav liab uas tseem tsis tau loj hlob tshiab uas cov pob txha tsim tawm. Tus lej ntau txhais tau tias cov pob txha ua haujlwm hnyav dhau los tsim cov qe ntshav tshiab los hloov cov uas raug rhuav tshem.
Cov kev kho mob rau AIHA yog dab tsi?
Kev kho mob nyob ntawm seb koj cov tsos mob hnyav npaum li cas, hom mob AIHA, thiab qhov ua rau mob. Yog tias koj cov tsos mob tsis hnyav heev, tej zaum yuav tsis tas yuav kho mob.
- Cov tshuaj steroids: Cov tshuaj steroid xws li Prednisolone yog thawj kab kev kho mob. Cov no ua haujlwm los ntawm kev tswj hwm lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob thiab tiv thaiv nws kom tsis txhob rhuav tshem cov qe ntshav liab.
- Lwm Cov Tshuaj Tiv Thaiv Kab Mob: Yog tias tus kab mob tsis teb rau cov tshuaj steroids, lwm cov tshuaj xws li Rituximab raug siv.
- Kev phais tshem cov qe ntshav liab tawm hauv lub qhov ncauj: Feem ntau, kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov qe ntshav liab tshwm sim hauv lub qhov ncauj. Yog li ntawd, yog tias tshuaj tsis tswj tau nws, cov kws kho mob yuav txiav txim siab phais tshem lub qhov ncauj tawm.
- Kev Hloov Ntshav: Yog tias ntshav tsis txaus txaus, tej zaum yuav tsum tau hloov ntshav kom cawm tau txoj sia.
- Tiv thaiv koj tus kheej ntawm qhov mob khaub thuas (rau Mob Khaub Thuas AIHA/CAD): Yog tias koj mob khaub thuas AIHA, kev tiv thaiv koj tus kheej ntawm qhov mob khaub thuas yog qhov tseem ceeb.
- Hnav hnab looj tes thaum coj khoom tawm hauv lub tub yees.
- Yog koj mus sab nraud thaum huab cua txias, hnav lub kaus mom, phuam qhwv caj dab, thiab lub tsho loj.
- Yog koj mus rau qhov chaw uas muaj AC ntau, hnav khaub ncaws sov so.
Koj tus kws kho mob kuj tseem yuav pom zoo kom koj noj cov tshuaj folic acid (Vitamin B9) , vim tias cov vitamin no xav tau rau kev tsim cov qe ntshav liab sai.
Vim muaj tus mob no, yuav muaj teeb meem dab tsi tshwm sim?
Yog tias AIHA tsis kho kom zoo, qee qhov teeb meem tuaj yeem tshwm sim.
- Cov Ntshav Txhaws: Cov ntshav txhaws tuaj yeem tsim tau hauv cov leeg ntshav, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog hauv ob txhais ceg. Yog tias cov no mus rau lub ntsws (Pulmonary Embolism), nws yog ib qho mob txaus ntshai heev.
- Kev puas tsuaj rau lub raum: Kev tswj tsis tau AIHA tuaj yeem ua rau lub raum puas tsuaj.
- Kab mob plawv: Kev tsis muaj ntshav txaus mus sij hawm ntev ua rau lub plawv ua haujlwm hnyav dua, uas tuaj yeem ua rau lub plawv tsis muaj zog.
Tsis tas yuav ntshai tej yam no. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog kom tau txais kev kuaj mob kom raug thiab ua raws li tus kws kho mob cov lus qhia thiab kev kho mob kom raug. Ces koj tuaj yeem zam tau ntau yam teeb meem no.
Cov Lus Qhia Txog Kev Coj Mus Tsev
- Kab mob ntshav liab tsis muaj zog (Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia - AIHA) yog ib qho mob tsis tshua muaj uas koj lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob ua yuam kev rhuav tshem koj cov qe ntshav liab.
- Yog tias koj muaj cov tsos mob xws li qaug zog ntau zaus, ntsej muag dawb paug, ua pa nyuaj, thiab qhov muag daj, tsis txhob tub nkeeg txog qhov ntawd.
- Yog koj muaj cov tsos mob no, mus ntsib kws kho mob tam sim ntawd thiab nrhiav kev pab. Tsis txhob noj tshuaj rau koj tus kheej.
- AIHA tsis yog ib yam kab mob sib kis tau, yog li ntawd tsis tas yuav cais tus neeg mob.
- Yog tias muaj kev kho mob zoo, ntau tus neeg tuaj yeem tswj tau qhov mob no zoo thiab ua neej nyob li qub. Yog li ntawd, tsis txhob ntshai.
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Tsis muaj lus teb tau muab tso tawm. Ntxiv koj cov lus tawm ntawm no thawj zaug.
Ntxiv koj cov lus