Koj lub cev puas ua rau koj cov qe ntshav liab puas tsuaj? Nov yog yam koj yuav tsum paub txog Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia (AIHA)!

Puas muaj tej lub sij hawm koj xav tias koj nkees thiab qaug zog yam tsis muaj laj thawj? Tej zaum koj daim tawv nqaij tau hloov me ntsis daj lossis daj. Muaj tej lub sij hawm uas koj tsis paub tias yog vim li cas qhov no tshwm sim, puas yog? Ib qho laj thawj rau cov tsos mob no yuav yog koj lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob, cov tub rog uas tiv thaiv koj ntawm cov kab mob, tawm tsam koj cov qe ntshav liab. Qhov ntawd yog qhov peb hu ua 'Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia' (AIHA) hauv kev kho mob. Hais yooj yim, koj lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob yuam kev koj cov qe ntshav liab ua "yeeb ncuab" thiab rhuav tshem lawv. Txawm hais tias qhov no yog qhov loj me ntsis, nws tuaj yeem tswj tau zoo nrog kev kho mob kom zoo . Txawm li cas los xij, yog tias tsis kho, nws tuaj yeem ua rau tuag taus. Yog li ntawd, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev uas yuav tsum paub txog qhov no thiab nrhiav kev pab kho mob sai li sai tau. Cia peb tham txog qhov no kom ntxaws ntxiv.

Kab mob ntshav tsis txaus (Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia - AIHA) yog dab tsi?

Hais yooj yim xwb, 'Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia' (AIHA) yog ib qho mob uas koj lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob yuam kev txheeb xyuas koj cov qe ntshav liab ua "txawv teb chaws," txhais tau tias yog ib yam dab tsi ua rau lub cev puas tsuaj. Yog li ntawd, koj lub cev tsim cov tshuaj tua kab mob uas rhuav tshem cov qe ntshav liab. Cov tshuaj tua kab mob no txuas rau cov qe ntshav liab thiab rhuav tshem lawv. Tom qab ntawd yuav ua li cas? Tus naj npawb ntawm cov qe ntshav liab hauv koj lub cev txo qis. Qhov ntawd yog qhov peb hu ua "anemia."

Xav txog seb, qhov uas tshwm sim ntawm no zoo li cov tub rog uas tiv thaiv peb lub teb chaws, ua yuam kev tawm tsam peb cov pej xeem. Qhov no yeej nyuaj me ntsis, tab sis nws tsis nyuaj rau nkag siab.

Qhov txawv ntawm AIHA thawj zaug thiab theem ob yog dab tsi?

Muaj ob hom AIHA tseem ceeb nyob ntawm seb nws tshwm sim li cas.

• AIHA Thawj Zaug: Qee zaum, AIHA tuaj yeem tshwm sim yam tsis muaj mob dab tsi pom tseeb. Qhov no txhais tau tias cov kws kho mob tsis tuaj yeem paub tias vim li cas nws thiaj tshwm sim tam sim ntawd. Qhov no hu ua AIHA thawj zaug.
• AIHA Thib Ob: Lwm hom AIHA yog thaum AIHA yog los ntawm lwm yam mob. Piv txwv li, nws tuaj yeem yog los ntawm qee yam kab mob viral, cov kab mob autoimmune (uas lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob tawm tsam nws cov nqaij), qee yam tshuaj, lossis mob qog ntshav hauv qab xws li lymphoma.

Cov hom AIHA tseem ceeb yog dab tsi?

Muaj ob hom kab mob AIHA tseem ceeb. Lawv yog "Sov autoimmune hemolytic anemia" thiab "Cold autoimmune hemolytic anemia ." Cov no raug cais raws li hom tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob uas cuam tshuam rau tus kab mob. Uas yog, lub npe yog los ntawm qhov kub uas cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob uas tawm tsam cov qe ntshav liab ua haujlwm.

Kev mob ntshav tsis txaus autoimmune hemolytic anemia

Qhov no yog hom AIHA uas feem ntau pom. Ntawm no, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob ntawm hom 'IgG' khi rau cov qe ntshav liab. Qhov tshwj xeeb yog tias cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob no ua haujlwm ntawm peb lub cev qhov kub thiab txias ib txwm muaj (piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig "sov") Cov tsos mob feem ntau pib tshwm sim maj mam, dhau ob peb lub lis piam. Txawm li cas los xij, qee zaum, cov tsos mob tuaj yeem hnyav txawm tias nyob hauv ob peb hnub.

Mob khaub thuas autoimmune hemolytic anemia

Hom no tsuas pom muaj li ntawm 10% txog 20% ​​ntawm cov neeg mob AIHA xwb. Nws muaj ib hom autoantibody hu ua 'IgM'. Cov autoantibodies no khi rau cov qe ntshav liab thaum koj cov ntshav kub dua li koj lub cev qhov kub, uas hu ua "txias". Qhov kub "txias" no yuav txawv ntawm ib tus neeg mus rau ib tus neeg. Qhov no txhais tau tias rau qee tus neeg, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no yuav raug qhib thaum lawv txias me ntsis, thaum rau lwm tus, lawv yuav tsum txias dua.

Leej twg raug kev txom nyem tshaj plaws los ntawm tus mob AIHA no?

AIHA tuaj yeem tshwm sim rau txhua tus neeg, tsis hais hnub nyoog lossis poj niam txiv neej. Txawm li cas los xij, tus mob no feem ntau tshwm sim rau cov poj niam hnub nyoog tshaj 40 xyoo .

Txawm hais tias nws yog ib qho mob uas tshwm sim ntau npaum li cas los xij, AIHA yog ib qho mob uas tsis tshua muaj . Nws cuam tshuam rau kwv yees li ib lossis ob tus neeg hauv txhua puas txhiab tus neeg txhua xyoo.

Cov tsos mob ntawm AIHA yog dab tsi?

Kab mob AIHA muaj ntau yam tsos mob. Qee yam yog ib txwm muaj, thaum lwm yam txawv nyob ntawm hom kab mob AIHA uas koj muaj.

Nov yog qee cov tsos mob uas feem ntau tshwm sim:

• Ua npaws
• Qaug zog heev (qaug zog dhau ua tsis tau dab tsi zoo)
• Tsis muaj zog
• Lub plawv dhia ceev
• Ua pa nyuaj (txawm tias siv zog me ntsis los xij)
• Tawv nqaij dawb (zoo li thaum koj cov ntshav siab qis)
• Jaundice (daj ntawm daim tawv nqaij thiab qhov muag)
• Mob taub hau (mob taub hau)
• Mob nqaij
• Cov zis dub (zoo li dej tshuaj yej)
• Ntuav thiab xeev siab
• Ua tsis taus pa
• Mob raws plab
• Kev raug mob ntawm tus nplaig
• Palpitations (xav tias koj lub plawv dhia ntau heev uas koj hnov ​​​​​​nws)

Nco ntsoov tias, muaj ib lossis ob yam ntawm cov tsos mob no tsis tau txhais hais tias koj muaj AIHA. Tab sis yog tias cov tsos mob no tseem muaj, nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws mus ntsib kws kho mob.

Cov tsos mob tuaj yeem sib txawv, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob ntawm hom AIHA:

AIHA sov feem ntau pom muaj nyob rau hauv:

• Kev qaug zog
• kiv taub hau
• Jaundice (daj ntawm daim tawv nqaij)
• Hnov lub plawv dhia

Mob khaub thuas AIHA yuav ua rau muaj cov tsos mob xws li:

• Kev qaug zog
• kiv taub hau
• Tes thiab taw txias (xav tias txias dua li lwm tus)
• Mob daj ntseg
• Mob hauv siab
• Mob nraub qaum ntawm ob txhais ceg
• Kab mob Raynaud (ib yam mob uas cov ntiv tes thiab cov ntiv taw hloov dawb/xiav thiab loog thaum raug cua txias)
• Xim xiav ntawm tes thiab taw
• Lub plawv dhia tsis sib xws '(Arrhythmia)'
• Hnov ​​​​lub suab nrov ntawm lub plawv
• Lub plawv tsis ua haujlwm (qhov no yog nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej hnyav)

Cov ua rau muaj AIHA yog dab tsi?

Kwv yees li ib nrab ntawm cov neeg mob uas muaj AIHA (kwv yees li 50%), tsis pom qhov ua rau muaj qhov no . Peb hu qhov no tias "idiopathic autoimmune hemolytic anemia." Qhov ntawd txhais tau tias "tsis paub qhov ua rau."

Hauv ib nrab ntxiv, AIHA cuam tshuam nrog lwm yam mob.

Lwm yam mob uas ua rau AIHA muaj xws li:

Muaj ntau yam kab mob autoimmune uas ua rau muaj tus kab mob AIHA thib ob. Ntawd yog, lwm yam kab mob uas lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob tawm tsam lub cev cov hlwb noj qab haus huv.

• Lupus : Qhov no yog ib yam kab mob uas tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau ntau yam kab mob hauv lub cev, xws li daim tawv nqaij, pob qij txha, raum, thiab lub hlwb.
• Mob pob qij txha caj qaum (Rheumatoid arthritis) : Ib yam mob uas feem ntau cuam tshuam rau cov pob qij txha, ua rau mob thiab o.
• Sjogren's syndrome : Qhov muag qhuav thiab qhov ncauj yog cov tsos mob tseem ceeb.
• Kab mob thyroid : Kev tsis sib npaug ntawm cov tshuaj hormones thyroid.
• Ulcerative colitis : Kev o thiab o ntawm txoj hnyuv loj.
• Kab mob Hashimoto : Ib qho mob uas lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob tawm tsam cov thyroid caj pas.

Qee zaum, AIHA kuj tseem tuaj yeem tshwm sim los ntawm kev kis tus kab mob viral . Txawm li cas los xij, qhov kev tsis txaus ntshav no feem ntau zoo dua thaum tus kab mob viral tau zoo lawm. Qee cov kab mob uas yuav cuam tshuam nrog AIHA suav nrog:

• Tus kab mob Epstein-Barr (tus kab mob uas ua rau muaj tus kab mob mononucleosis)
• Kab mob qhua pias
• Kab mob qog
• Rubella
• Mob ntsws tsis zoo li qub
• Kab mob Varicella, uas ua rau mob qhua pias
• Kab mob HIV
• Kab mob siab (cov kab mob uas cuam tshuam rau lub siab)
• Kab mob Cytomegalovirus (Cytomegalovirus)

Qee cov tshuaj kuj tuaj yeem ua rau AIHA. Yog tias cov tshuaj uas koj noj raug xav tias ua rau muaj mob, koj tus kws kho mob yuav tsum tsis txhob noj cov tshuaj ntawd.

• Cov tshuaj tua kab mob (tshwj xeeb tshaj yog penicillin)
• Cov tshuaj nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) (piv txwv li ibuprofen)
• Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob qog noj ntshav

Yuav kuaj mob AIHA li cas?

Yog koj tus kws kho mob xav tias koj muaj cov tsos mob ntawm kev tsis muaj ntshav txaus, lawv yuav xub xaj kom suav cov ntshav tag nrho (CBC) . Qhov no tuaj yeem nrhiav tau cov cim ceeb toom ntawm kev tsis muaj ntshav txaus. Tshwj xeeb, qhov kev kuaj no ntsuas:

• Muaj pes tsawg cov qe ntshav liab, cov qe ntshav dawb, thiab cov qe ntshav dawb nyob hauv koj cov ntshav.
• Qhov loj ntawm koj cov qe ntshav liab (loj, me, ib txwm).
• Qib Hemoglobin - Qhov no yog cov protein hauv koj cov ntshav uas nqa oxygen thoob plaws koj lub cev.
• Tus nqi Hematocrit (qhov chaw uas koj cov qe ntshav liab siv hauv koj cov ntshav ntau npaum li cas).

Lwm yam kev kuaj mob uas tuaj yeem pab kuaj mob AIHA

Yog koj tus kws kho mob xav tias muaj ntshav tsis txaus, nws yuav pom zoo kom kuaj ntxiv ob peb zaug. Cov kev kuaj no tuaj yeem pab txiav txim seb qhov ntshav tsis txaus yog los ntawm AIHA lossis lwm yam ua rau.

• Kev kuaj ntshav ntawm sab nraud: Qhov no suav nrog kev coj koj cov ntshav thiab saib nws hauv qab lub tshuab microscope. Qhov no tuaj yeem nrhiav tej yam xws li seb koj cov qe ntshav liab puas puas lawm lossis tau hloov pauv lawm.
• Kev suav cov reticulocyte: Qhov kev kuaj no ntsuas tus naj npawb ntawm cov qe ntshav liab hluas (tshiab tsim) hauv koj lub cev. Nco ntsoov, thaum cov qe ntshav liab raug rhuav tshem, cov pob txha pib tsim ntau cov qe ntshav liab los hloov lawv. Qhov no ua rau cov reticulocyte suav ntau dua.
• Kev kuaj Bilirubin: Thaum cov qe ntshav liab raug rhuav tshem, ib yam khoom hu ua bilirubin yuav raug tsim tawm. Thaum qhov no nce ntxiv, qhov mob daj ntseg (daim tawv nqaij daj) yuav tshwm sim. Yog li, yog tias qib ntawm bilirubin hauv cov ntshav siab, nws yog ib qho cim qhia tias cov qe ntshav liab tab tom raug rhuav tshem.
• Kev kuaj Coombs: Qhov no yog ib qho kev kuaj tseem ceeb heev rau kev kuaj mob AIHA. Nws kuaj xyuas seb koj lub cev puas tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob tawm tsam cov qe ntshav liab.
• Kev kuaj Haptoglobin: Haptoglobin yog ib hom protein uas tshem tawm cov khoom pov tseg ntawm cov qe ntshav liab uas puas lawm. Thaum muaj ntau cov qe ntshav liab raug rhuav tshem, lub cev siv haptoglobin no ntau heev. Qhov no ua rau qib haptoglobin hauv cov ntshav txo qis.
• Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH): LDH yog ib qho enzyme uas pom muaj nyob hauv cov qe ntshav liab. Thaum cov qe ntshav liab raug rhuav tshem, cov enzyme LDH no raug tso tawm mus rau hauv cov ntshav. Qhov no ua rau cov theem LDH nce siab.
• Cov ntsuas agglutinin txias: Yog tias koj tus kws kho mob xav tias muaj tus kab mob AIHA txias, nws yuav hais kom kuaj qhov no. Qhov no ntsuas qib ntawm cov tshuaj tua kab mob uas tawm tsam cov qe ntshav liab hauv qhov kub txias.

Yuav kho tus kab mob AIHA li cas?

Thaum kho AIHA, thawj kauj ruam feem ntau yog txiav txim siab seb puas muaj qhov ua rau mob uas kho tau. Piv txwv li, yog tias koj tus kab mob AIHA cuam tshuam nrog lupus, koj tus kws kho mob yuav kho tus kab mob lupus ua ntej. Yog tias qhov ua rau mob AIHA yog ib yam mob xws li lymphoma, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum kho tus mob ntawd. Yog tias muaj tshuaj ua rau koj tus kab mob AIHA, koj yuav tsum tsis txhob noj tshuaj ntawd.

Txawm li cas los xij, rau qee tus neeg, AIHA yog qhov mob me me heev.Qhov ntawd txhais tau tias cov tsos mob tsis hnyav heev. Thaum ntawd, tej zaum yuav tsis tas yuav kho mob dab tsi li.

Cov tshuaj

• Corticosteroids: Cov no feem ntau yog thawj kab kev kho mob rau AIHA. Cov tshuaj no ua haujlwm los ntawm kev tswj koj lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob, uas tom qab ntawd txo qhov kev puas tsuaj uas nws ua rau koj cov qe ntshav liab.
• Cov Tshuaj Tiv Thaiv Kab Mob: Yog tias cov tshuaj corticosteroids ib leeg tsis txaus los tswj tus kab mob, koj tus kws kho mob yuav sau ntawv kom noj cov tshuaj no. Cov tshuaj no ua haujlwm los ntawm kev tiv thaiv kab mob kom tsis txhob tawm tsam cov pob txha.

Kev phais tshem cov noob qes (Splenectomy)

Yog tias AIHA tsis tuaj yeem tswj tau nrog tshuaj xwb, tej zaum koj yuav tsum tau phais koj lub qhov ntswg tawm. Lub qhov ntswg yog ib lub cev hauv peb lub cev uas lim cov qe ntshav liab uas tsis zoo li qub, xws li cov qe ntshav liab uas muaj cov tshuaj tua kab mob txuas rau lawv. Lub qhov ntswg kuj muaj cov qe ntshav uas tsim cov tshuaj tua kab mob. Yog li ntawd, kev tshem tawm lub qhov ntswg tuaj yeem txo qhov kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov qe ntshav liab thiab txo qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev mob ntshav tsis txaus.

Kev hloov ntshav

Hauv cov mob hnyav ntawm AIHA, cov neeg mob yuav xav tau kev hloov ntshav, uas yog kev hloov ntshav los ntawm cov chaw sab nraud. Qhov no tuaj yeem ua rau cov qe ntshav liab ntau ntxiv sai sai thiab pab tswj cov tsos mob.

Puas yog kev kho mob rau 'sov' thiab 'txias' AIHA txawv?

Yog lawm, kev kho mob ntawm thawj 'mob khaub thuas AIHA' txawv ntawm 'mob AIHA sov'.

Feem ntau siv cov tshuaj Corticosteroids lossis cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob rau 'kev kho mob AIHA sov'. Yog tias qhov ntawd tsis ua tiav, kev phais kom tshem tawm lub pores yuav tsum tau ua. Thaum muaj ntshav tsis txaus, kev hloov ntshav kuj suav tias yog kev kho mob txhawb nqa thaum lub sijhawm kho tus kab mob.

Txawm li cas los xij, 'mob khaub thuas AIHA' tsis teb zoo rau corticosteroids lossis splenectomy. Yog tias 'mob khaub thuas AIHA' tsis hnyav heev, tus kab mob tuaj yeem tswj tau los ntawm kev ua kom lub cev sov (piv txwv li, siv cov khaub ncaws sov tes/taw, hnav hnab looj tes, thom khwm, thiab tej zaum mus ncig rau qhov chaw sov dua). Yog tias kev kho mob tsim nyog, cov tshuaj 'Rituximab' (qee zaum nrog lwm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob) yog thawj kab kev kho mob.

Puas txo tau qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev mob AIHA?

Kab mob ntshav tsis txaus uas tiv thaiv tau los ntawm tus kheej (Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia) yeej tsis tuaj yeem tiv thaiv tau tas li. Qee zaum nws tshwm sim yam tsis muaj laj thawj pom tseeb. Txawm li cas los xij, yog tias koj muaj kab mob viral lossis noj tshuaj uas paub tias cuam tshuam nrog AIHA, koj tus kws kho mob tuaj yeem saib xyuas koj tus mob thiab pab txo koj txoj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev mob.

Puas yog AIHA yog ib qho mob hnyav?

Kab mob ntshav tsis txaus uas ua rau koj lub cev tsis muaj zog tiv thaiv kab mob qee zaum tsis hnyav heev uas koj tsis tas yuav kho mob dab tsi li. Txawm li cas los xij, qee zaum nws yuav hnyav heev uas koj yuav tsum tau phais lossis hloov ntshav. Yog tias koj raug kuaj pom tias muaj kab mob AIHA, koj tus kws kho mob tuaj yeem tham nrog koj txog qhov hnyav ntawm koj tus mob thiab koj cov kev xaiv kho mob.

Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws, AIHA tuaj yeem ua rau tuag taus yog tias tsis kho, yog vim li cas kev kho mob sai sai thiaj li tseem ceeb heev.

Puas kho tau AIHA?

Yog. Feem ntau cov neeg uas muaj tus kab mob AIHA xav tau kev kho mob me ntsis los yog tsis xav tau kev kho mob li. Muaj li ntawm 20% thiab 30% ntawm cov neeg mob xav tau kev kho mob, phais mob, lossis hloov ntshav.

Kuv yuav tsum mus ntsib kws kho mob thaum twg?

Yog koj pib muaj cov tsos mob ntawm cov ntshav tsis txaus - xws li qaug zog heev, tsis muaj zog, tawv nqaij daj (daim tawv nqaij daj), lossis ua pa nyuaj - mus ntsib kws kho mob tam sim ntawd . Los ntawm kev kuaj mob thiab kho mob thaum ntxov, koj tuaj yeem rov zoo sai dua thiab rov qab mus rau koj lub neej ib txwm.

Hauv kev xaus lus (Cov Lus Qhia Txog Kev Coj Mus Tsev)

Kab mob ntshav liab uas tsis muaj zog tiv thaiv kab mob (Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia - AIHA) yog ib yam mob uas koj lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob tawm tsam koj cov qe ntshav liab, ua rau muaj kab mob ntshav liab.

• Cov tsos mob yuav tsis hnyav heev los yog tsis hnyav heev. Cov tsos mob tseem ceeb yog qaug zog, ntsej muag dawb paug, daj ntseg, thiab ua pa nyuaj.
• Cov ua rau muaj ntau yam. Qee zaum tsis pom muaj qhov ua rau (thawj qhov), qee zaum nws tuaj yeem yog los ntawm lwm yam kab mob, kev kis kab mob, lossis tshuaj (theem ob).
• Muaj ntau txoj kev kho mob . Cov no suav nrog tshuaj, tshem tawm cov noob qes, thiab hloov ntshav. Kev kho mob sib txawv nyob ntawm hom 'sov' thiab 'txias'.
• Txawm hais tias AIHA yog ib yam kab mob uas yooj yim tswj tau , nws tuaj yeem ua rau mob hnyav, txawm tias ua rau tuag taus , yog tias tsis kho.

Yog li ntawd, yog tias koj muaj cov tsos mob no, tsis txhob ntshai thiab tsis txhob ncua sijhawm, tab sis nrhiav kev pab kho mob. Koj tus kws kho mob tuaj yeem ua qhov kev kuaj mob tsim nyog, kuaj xyuas koj tus mob kom raug, thiab sau ntawv kho mob kom zoo tshaj plaws. Tom qab ntawd koj yuav rov zoo sai sai thiab txuas ntxiv ua koj cov haujlwm txhua hnub!

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