Yog tias muaj ib tug neeg nug koj tias, "Koj cov ntshav yog hom twg?", koj puas yuav muaj lus teb? Ib txhia neeg paub, tab sis feem ntau cov neeg tsis paub tseeb. Kev paub koj cov ntshav yog qhov tseem ceeb heev niaj hnub no. Xav txog seb, yog tias muaj xwm txheej, phais, lossis thaum cev xeeb tub, cov ntaub ntawv me me no yuav pab cawm koj txoj sia. Yog li, tsis txhob txhawj, hnub no peb yuav tham txog cov ntshav hom hauv txoj kev yooj yim uas txhua tus tuaj yeem nkag siab.
Hom ntshav yog dab tsi tiag?
Hais yooj yim xwb, hom ntshav yog ib txoj hauv kev los cais seb koj cov ntshav puas sib haum nrog lwm tus neeg cov ntshav. Nws zoo li muaj qhov loj rau khaub ncaws.
Qhov kev faib tawm no feem ntau yog cuam tshuam los ntawm ob hom protein tshwj xeeb ntawm qhov chaw ntawm koj cov qe ntshav liab. Hauv kev kho mob, peb hu cov antigens no. Xav txog lawv ua cov cim npe me me uas txuas rau cov qe ntshav liab. Ob hom cim npe no yog 'A' antigen thiab 'B' antigen .
Muaj 4 hom ntshav tseem ceeb raws li seb cov antigens no puas muaj lossis tsis muaj, thiab lawv yog dab tsi.
- Hom A: Cov qe ntshav liab tsuas muaj cov antigen A xwb.
- Hom B: Tsuas muaj B antigen xwb.
- Hom AB: Muaj ob qho tib si A thiab B antigens.
- Hom O: Tsis yog A lossis B antigens.
Tsis tas li ntawd xwb, muaj lwm yam tseem ceeb, thiab qhov ntawd yog qhov Rh factor . Qhov no yog lwm cov protein uas pom tau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm cov qe ntshav liab.
- Yog koj muaj tus Rh factor no hauv koj cov ntshav, koj hom ntshav yog positive (+) .
- Yog tias tsis muaj Rh factor, ces hom ntshav yog negative (-) .
Thaum ob hom ntshav no los ua ke, 8 hom ntshav tseem ceeb uas peb txhua tus tau hnov txog tau tsim:
1. Ib qho Zoo (A+)
2. Ib qho tsis zoo (A-)
3. B Zoo (B+)
4. B Tsis Zoo (B-)
5. AB Zoo (AB+)
6. AB Tsis Zoo (AB-)
7. O Zoo (O+)
8. O Tsis Zoo (O-)
Vim li cas cov hom ntshav yuav tsum sib haum?
Qhov no yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws. Thaum muab ntshav rau ib tug neeg (Kev Hloov Ntshav), nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas cov hom ntshav ntawm tus neeg pub thiab tus neeg txais sib phim.
Xav txog koj lub cev zoo li lub tebchaws uas muaj lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob zoo. Koj lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob yog pab tub rog ntawm lub tebchaws ntawd. Pab tub rog no paub txhua lub cell hauv lub cev. Txawm li cas los xij, yog tias nws pom qee yam uas tsis yog lub cev thiab los ntawm sab nraud (zoo li kab mob), pab tub rog no tawm tsam thiab rhuav tshem nws.
Thaum ib hom ntshav uas tsis sib xws nkag mus rau hauv lub cev, qhov no kuj tshwm sim ib yam nkaus. Piv txwv li, yog tias ib tug neeg uas muaj hom ntshav 'A' tau txais hom ntshav 'B', lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob ntawm tus neeg uas muaj hom ntshav 'A' yuav paub cov qe ntshav 'B' uas nkag los ua yeeb ncuab. Tom qab ntawd nws yuav tawm tsam thiab rhuav tshem cov qe ntshav 'B' ntawd. Qhov kev tsis haum no tuaj yeem ua rau mob raum, ua pa nyuaj, thiab qee zaum txawm tuag.
Yog vim li ntawd ua ntej pub ntshav, cov kws kho mob thiab cov kws tshwj xeeb hauv txhab ntshav yuav tsum ua tib zoo xyuas seb cov hom ntshav puas sib haum.
| Koj Hom Ntshav | Cov Hom Ntshav Koj Txais Tau |
|---|---|
| A+ | A+, A-, O+, O- |
| A- | A-, O- |
| B+ | B+, B-, O+, O- |
| B- | B-, O- |
| AB+ | Txhua hom ntshav (Universal Recipient) |
| AB- | AB-, A-, B-, O- |
| O+ | O+, O- |
| O- | Tsuas yog O xwb . Tab sis txhua tus neeg tuaj yeem pub ntshav (Universal Donor) |
Leej twg yog tus 'Tus Neeg Pub Dawb Thoob Ntiaj Teb' thiab 'Tus Neeg Txais Thoob Ntiaj Teb'?
Cov ntshav hom O tsis zoo (O-) hu ua "Universal Donor" . Yog li ntawd, cov ntshav hom O- tuaj yeem muab rau ib tus neeg uas muaj txhua hom ntshav. Vim tias cov qe ntshav ntawd tsis muaj cov antigens A, B, lossis Rh uas peb tau tham txog. Yog li, lub cev ntawm tus neeg uas tau txais cov ntshav tsis paub tias nws yog tus yeeb ncuab. Thaum ib tus neeg raug coj mus rau ETU (Chav Kho Mob Thaum Muaj Xwm Ceev) tom qab muaj xwm txheej, thiab tsis muaj sijhawm los kuaj hom ntshav, cov kws kho mob feem ntau muab cov ntshav O-.
Cov ntshav AB zoo (AB+) hu ua "Universal Recipient." Qhov no txhais tau hais tias ib tug neeg uas muaj cov ntshav AB+ tuaj yeem tau txais cov ntshav los ntawm txhua hom ntshav. Vim tias lawv muaj peb hom antigens hauv lawv cov ntshav, A, B, thiab Rh, lawv lees txais txhua hom ntshav los ntawm sab nraud ua "lawv tus kheej."
Hom ntshav tseem ceeb li cas thaum cev xeeb tub?
Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev rau leej niam cev xeeb tub kom paub nws hom ntshav, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog Rh factor.
Piv txwv li, yog tias leej niam cov ntshav yog Rh negative (-) , tab sis leej txiv cov ntshav yog Rh positive (+), tus menyuam cov ntshav hauv plab yuav yog Rh positive (+). Yog li ntawd, yog tias leej niam thiab tus menyuam cov ntshav sib xyaw ua ke (tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum yug menyuam), lub cev ntawm leej niam lees paub tus menyuam cov ntshav Rh positive ua "yeeb ncuab". Tom qab ntawd nws pib tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob tawm tsam lawv.
Qhov no yuav tsis muaj feem cuam tshuam loj rau thawj zaug cev xeeb tub. Txawm li cas los xij, yog tias tus menyuam Rh-positive tau xeeb tub rau zaum ob, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob uas lub cev niam tau tsim ua ntej tuaj yeem hla lub placenta thiab pib rhuav tshem tus menyuam cov qe ntshav liab. Qhov no txaus ntshai heev rau tus menyuam.
Tiamsis tsis txhob txhawj txog qhov no. Thaum koj mus ntsib kws kho mob thaum koj cev xeeb tub, ib qho ntawm thawj qhov kev kuaj uas koj yuav ua yog xyuas koj cov ntshav hom. Yog tias koj Rh tsis zoo, koj tus kws kho mob yuav ua tib zoo saib xyuas qhov ntawd. Hauv cov xwm txheej zoo li no, yuav muab tshuaj tiv thaiv hu ua Rh immunoglobulin (RhIg) rau lub sijhawm kom tiv thaiv kev puas tsuaj rau cov qe ntshav ntawm tus menyuam.
Kuv paub kuv hom ntshav li cas?
Muaj ntau txoj hauv kev los nrhiav koj hom ntshav.
- Nug koj tus kws kho mob: Yog tias koj tau kuaj ntshav ua ntej rau txhua qhov laj thawj, koj cov ntaub ntawv kho mob yuav muaj koj hom ntshav sau tseg.
- Pub ntshav:Qhov no yog txoj kev zoo tshaj plaws thiab muaj nqis tshaj plaws. Thaum koj pub ntshav, Lub Chaw Pabcuam Ntshav Hauv Tebchaws kuaj koj hom ntshav dawb thiab muab daim npav rau koj. Nrog nws, koj tuaj yeem paub koj hom ntshav thiab cawm ib tus neeg lub neej.
- Mus kuaj ntshav hauv chaw kuaj mob: Koj tuaj yeem nrhiav koj hom ntshav los ntawm kev muab cov qauv ntshav ntawm txhua lub tsev kho mob lossis chaw kuaj mob ntiag tug.
Feem ntau, ib tug neeg cov ntshav hom tsis hloov pauv thoob plaws lub neej. Txawm li cas los xij, qee zaum tsis tshua muaj, xws li kev hloov pob txha, lossis qee yam mob xws li mob ntshav dawb, hom ntshav tuaj yeem hloov pauv.
Cov Lus Qhia Txog Kev Coj Mus Tsev
- Kev paub koj hom ntshav yog qhov tseem ceeb heev thaum muaj xwm txheej ceev, thaum phais mob, lossis thaum pub ntshav.
- Cov neeg uas muaj ntshav hom O tsis zoo (O-) tuaj yeem pub rau leej twg los tau (Universal Donor), thaum cov neeg uas muaj ntshav hom AB zoo (AB+) tuaj yeem txais txhua hom ntshav (Universal Recipient).
- Yog koj cev xeeb tub, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum qhia rau koj tus kws kho mob txog koj hom ntshav, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog Rh factor (+/-).
- Yog koj tsis paub koj hom ntshav, koj tuaj yeem nrhiav tau yooj yim los ntawm kev pub ntshav lossis kuaj ntshav yooj yim.
- Yog koj muaj kev txhawj xeeb txog cov hom ntshav thiab kev noj qab haus huv, thov nrhiav kev qhia los ntawm tus kws kho mob uas tsim nyog.
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Tsis muaj lus teb tau muab tso tawm. Ntxiv koj cov lus tawm ntawm no thawj zaug.
Ntxiv koj cov lus