Koj tus menyuam puas muaj teeb meem sau ntawv? Peb puas yuav tham txog qhov teeb meem dysgraphia no?

Koj puas tau pom tias koj tus menyuam ua haujlwm tsis tau zoo hauv tsev kawm ntawv, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum sau ntawv? Thaum koj pom tej yam xws li lawv tsis txawj sau ntawv zoo, lawv qeeb qeeb thaum sau ntawv, lossis lawv tsis kam sau ntawv li, koj yuav xav tias, "Tus menyuam no tsis tau sim ua haujlwm txaus." Tab sis nws tsis yog ib txwm yog kev tub nkeeg xwb. Nws kuj tseem yog ib qho mob hu ua dysgraphia.

Dysgraphia yog dab tsi? Cia peb nkag siab yooj yim!

Hais yooj yim xwb, dysgraphia yog ib qho mob hlwb uas ua rau ib tug neeg muaj teeb meem sau lawv cov kev xav rau hauv cov lus thiab sau cia. Qhov no tsis yog vim lawv muaj hnub nyoog, kev txawj ntse, lossis tsis muaj kev kawm. Dysgraphia suav hais tias yog "qhov sib txawv ntawm kev kawm."

Xav txog seb nws nyuaj npaum li cas rau kev sau ntawv. Nws yuav tsum muaj kev koom tes ntawm ntau qhov ntawm peb lub hlwb thiab ntau lub peev xwm sib txawv.

• Kev txawj siv tes ua zoo: Qhov no hais txog lub peev xwm siv cov leeg me me ntawm cov ntiv tes los tuav tus cwj mem lossis cwj mem, thiab sau ntawv nrog cov ntawv sau zoo nkauj.
• Kev pom qhov chaw: Qhov no txhais tau tias nkag siab qhov chaw ntawm cov ntawv thiab cov lus. Lub peev xwm sau ncaj nraim hauv ib kab thiab tswj qhov chaw ntawm ib nplooj ntawv.
• Kev nco qab ua haujlwm: Qhov no txhais tau tias nco ntsoov qhov koj xav thiab tsis txhob hnov ​​qab nws kom txog thaum koj sau cia. Qhov no pab koj txuas lub tswv yim txij thaum pib mus txog thaum xaus thaum sau ib kab lus.
• Orthographic coding: Txawm hais tias qhov no yuav zoo li nyuaj me ntsis, nws tsuas yog txhais tau tias muaj peev xwm nco qab cov duab ntawm cov ntawv, cov lej, thiab cov cim thiab rov qab nco qab lawv thaum xav tau.
• Kev Ua Haujlwm Txog Lus: Nkag Siab Txog Lus thiab Tsim Cov Lus thiab Kab Lus.
• Kev Tsim Lub Tswv Yim: Kev teeb tsa cov tswv yim hauv koj lub siab rau hauv ib daim ntawv uas tuaj yeem sau cia.
• Kev Npaj: Npaj yam uas sau kom muaj kev txiav txim siab thiab muaj lub ntsiab lus.

Muaj ntau yam no ua ke los ua kom peb sau tau zoo nkauj thiab meej. Yog li ntawd, ib tug neeg uas muaj teeb meem nyeem ntawv tsis tau zoo yuav muaj teeb meem nrog ib lossis ntau yam ntawm cov no. Yog vim li ntawd qee zaum nws yuav nyuaj me ntsis los kuaj mob no.

Feem ntau qhov teeb meem dysgraphia tshwm sim thaum cov menyuam yaus pib sau ntawv. Qhov no hu ua developmental dysgraphia . Nws kuj tseem tuaj yeem tshwm sim tom qab raug mob tam sim ntawd, xws li raug mob taub hau. Qhov no hu ua acquired dysgraphia .

Tus mob no poob rau hauv qeb ntawm "kev kawm tsis meej tshwj xeeb" - qhov tseeb dua, "kev kawm tsis meej tshwj xeeb hauv kev sau ntawv."

Puas yog dysgraphia yog ib feem ntawm dyslexia?

Tsis yog. Dyslexia thiab dysgraphia yog ob qho mob sib txawv ntawm lub paj hlwb. Txawm li cas los xij, vim tias qee cov tsos mob zoo sib xws thiab qee zaum ob qho mob no tuaj yeem ua ke, tib neeg feem ntau tsis meej pem ob qho no.

Dyslexia yog ib qho teeb meem nyeem ntawv. Ib tug neeg uas muaj dyslexia siv sijhawm ntev dua los nyeem ntawv, muaj teeb meem nco qab cov lus, thiab nyeem ntawv qis dua li qhov xav tau. Lawv kuj tseem yuav muaj teeb meem faib cov lus ua suab thiab txuas cov ntawv rau cov suab.

Kev nyuaj siab sau ntawv yog ib qho teeb meem uas tshwm sim los ntawm kev nyeem ntawv tsis tau zoo. Nws muaj ntau yam teeb meem xws li kev nyeem ntawv tsis tau zoo, kev sau ntawv tsis tau zoo, thiab kev nyuaj siab rau kev teeb tsa thiab sau cov tswv yim.

Puas yog Dysgraphia yog ib qho mob ntawm autism?

Dysgraphia tsis yog ib feem ntawm Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Txawm li cas los xij, ntau tus neeg uas muaj autism kuj muaj dysgraphia. Txawm li cas los xij, nws muaj peev xwm muaj dysgraphia yam tsis muaj autism.

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) yog ib qho mob neurodevelopmental uas feem ntau cuam tshuam nrog:

• Kev hloov pauv thiab teeb meem hauv kev sib txuas lus hauv zej zog.
• Kev tsis zoo ntawm kev sib raug zoo hauv zej zog.
• Cov cwj pwm, kev nyiam, lossis cov haujlwm uas raug txwv, rov ua dua.
• Cov teeb meem rhiab heev.

Koj tuaj yeem pom cov tsos mob zoo li.

Leej twg thiaj muaj tau tus mob no? Nws tshwm sim ntau npaum li cas?

Kev nyeem tsis tau ntawv (dysgraphia) muaj feem cuam tshuam rau cov menyuam yaus thiab cov neeg laus. Ib yam li ntau yam mob hlwb uas ua rau lawv tsis paub sau ntawv zoo, kev nyeem tsis tau ntawv feem ntau tshwm sim rau cov tub hluas.

Yog tias ib tug neeg hauv koj tsev neeg muaj tus mob no, koj yuav muaj feem ntau dua uas muaj tus mob dysgraphia. Tus mob dysgraphia kuj tseem tshwm sim rau cov menyuam yaus uas muaj tus mob autism spectrum disorder (ASD) thiab/lossis tus mob attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).

Kev nyeem ntawv tsis tau zoo yog ib yam mob uas pom ntau heev. Cov kws tshawb fawb kwv yees tias ntawm 5% thiab 20% ntawm cov pej xeem yuav muaj tus mob no. Qhov laj thawj uas qhov ntau thiab tsawg no loj heev yog vim tias kev nyeem ntawv tsis tau zoo feem ntau raug kuaj tsis raug lossis kuaj tsis raug zoo li lwm yam mob.

Koj paub li cas yog tias koj muaj teeb meem nyeem ntawv tsis tau zoo (dysgraphia)? Cov tsos mob yog dab tsi?

Ib tug neeg uas muaj teeb meem nyeem ntawv tsis tau zoo yuav muaj ntau yam teeb meem nrog kev sau ntawv. Qhov xav tsis thoob yog tias lawv hais lus tau yooj yim dua thiab hais tau zoo dua li sau ntawv. Lawv yuav muaj teeb meem nrog tej yam xws li:

• Tsis muaj peev xwm ua cov ntawv thiab/lossis sau ntawv kom meej.
• Qhov loj ntawm cov ntawv thiab qhov sib nrug ntawm cov ntawv.
• Kev sau ntawv.
• Kev sib koom tes zoo ntawm lub cev.
• Kev sau ntawv ceev.
• Cov qauv lus.
• Kev sib xyaw ua ke.

Nov yog qee txoj hauv kev tshwj xeeb uas dysgraphia tuaj yeem tshwm sim nws tus kheej:

• Nyuaj sau ntawv ncaj nraim.
• Nyuaj tuav thiab tswj cov cuab yeej sau ntawv (xaum, cwj mem) kom raug.
• Sau cov ntawv rov qab (piv txwv li sau 'd' es tsis yog 'b').
• Muaj teeb meem nco qab tias cov ntawv sau li cas.
• Tsis nkag siab qhov twg yuav siv cov ntawv loj thiab cov ntawv me.
• Nyuaj sau cov kab lus nrog cov qauv sau ntawv thiab cov cim qhia kom raug.
• Tshem tawm cov lus ntawm kab lus.
• Muab cov lus tso rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim tsis raug hauv kab lus.
• Kev siv cov lus qhia thiab cov lus tsis raug.

Tseem Ceeb: Muaj ib lossis ob yam ntawm cov yam ntxwv no tsis tas txhais tau tias ib tug neeg muaj dysgraphia. Txawm li cas los xij, yog tias koj tus menyuam muaj teeb meem kawm cov txuj ci yooj yim uas xav tau los sau ntawv rau hauv txoj kev uas haum rau lawv lub hnub nyoog, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom coj lawv mus kuaj seb lawv puas xav tau kev pab tshwj xeeb.

Dab tsi ua rau dysgraphia?

Cov kws tshawb fawb thiab cov kws kho mob hlwb tseem tsis tau paub meej tias yog vim li cas thiaj muaj teeb meem kev loj hlob ntawm kev nyeem ntawv tsis tau zoo. Raws li peb tau tham ua ntej lawm, kev sau ntawv yog ib qho txheej txheem nyuaj heev. Nws cuam tshuam nrog ntau qhov sib txawv ntawm peb lub hlwb. Txawm li cas los xij, vim tias tus mob zoo li khiav hauv tsev neeg, zoo li muaj kev sib txuas ntawm caj ces.

Koj paub tseeb li cas tias koj muaj dysgraphia?

Phau Ntawv Qhia Txog Kev Kuaj Mob thiab Kev Txheeb Xyuas Txog Kev Mob Hlwb, tsab thib 5 (DSM-5) suav nrog dysgraphia nyob rau hauv pawg ntawm "kev tsis taus kev kawm tshwj xeeb," tab sis nws tsis txhais nws ua ib qho kev mob sib cais. Nws kuj tsis muab cov qauv tshwj xeeb rau kev kuaj mob. Qhov no ua rau nws nyuaj rau kuaj mob dysgraphia - tab sis tsis yog ua tsis tau.

Ib yam li dyslexia, koj tus menyuam qhov kev ntsuam xyuas rau dysgraphia yuav ua tib zoo xav txog cov hauv qab no:

• Tus me nyuam lub zog thiab qhov tsis muaj zog hauv kev kawm.
• Keeb kwm kev kawm.
• Qhov nyuaj ntawm kev sau ntawv.
• Cov teeb meem ntawm kev sau ntawv yog dab tsi?
• Kev kho thiab kev txhawb nqa uas tsom mus rau tus menyuam tau cuam tshuam li cas rau theem kev kawm tam sim no.

Cov kws kho mob tuaj yeem kuaj mob rau dysgraphia. Qhov no yuav xav tau ib pab pawg kws tshwj xeeb, xws li:

• Cov kws kho mob ua haujlwm
• Cov kws kho lub cev
• Cov kws kho kev hais lus
• Cov kws kho mob hlwb

Koj tus menyuam lub tsev kawm ntawv yuav siv cov txheej txheem sib txawv rau kev tsim nyog rau kev pabcuam thaum ntxov lossis cov kev kawm tshwj xeeb.

Thaum twg yuav tsum kuaj ib tug me nyuam seb puas muaj dysgraphia?

Feem ntau nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws los kuaj xyuas qhov sib txawv ntawm kev kawm ua ntej. Yog tias dysgraphia raug kuaj pom thaum ntxov, koj tus menyuam tuaj yeem kawm cov txheej txheem sau ntawv tshiab sai dua. Nyob ntawm seb dysgraphia cuam tshuam li cas rau tus menyuam, cov tsos mob ntawm tus mob tuaj yeem tshwm sim thaum muaj hnub nyoog 5 xyoos lossis txawm tias thaum tseem hluas.

Thaum cov ntawv sau ntawv hauv tsev kawm ntawv nce ntxiv thaum peb laus zuj zus, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom paub txog dysgraphia sai li sai tau. Nws tseem ceeb heev uas yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias nws yeej tsis lig dhau los kuaj mob thiab pab.

Tej zaum lub tsev kawm ntawv yuav pom zoo kom koj tus menyuam mus soj ntsuam seb puas muaj teeb meem kev kawm los ntawm tus kws kho mob hlwb uas tau ntawv pov thawj. Thov cov thawj coj ntawm tsev kawm ntawv kom pab nrhiav ib tus neeg uas koj tuaj yeem tiv tauj tau.

Cov kev kuaj twg siv los kuaj mob dysgraphia?

Tsis muaj kev kuaj mob tshwj xeeb uas yuav tsum tau kuaj mob dysgraphia, thiab tam sim no tsis muaj ib qho. Hloov chaw, cov kws kho mob yuav kuaj mob raws li kev ntsuam xyuas tag nrho ntawm koj tus menyuam qhov teeb meem sau ntawv. Cov kws tshwj xeeb hauv kev kawm kuj ua kev ntsuam xyuas los txiav txim siab seb puas tsim nyog rau cov kev kawm tshwj xeeb.

Cov kws kho mob yuav siv cov kev ntsuam xyuas thiab kev kuaj mob zoo li no thaum lub sijhawm kuaj mob:

• Kev ntsuam xyuas kev sau ntawv raws cai: Cov kev xeem no pab ntsuas qhov ceev thiab meej ntawm koj tus menyuam txoj kev sau ntawv.
• Kev Xeem Kev Loj Hlob ntawm Kev Sib Koom Tes ntawm Visuomotor (VMI): Qhov kev xeem no pab ntsuas seb tus menyuam puas tuaj yeem koom ua ke cov txuj ci pom kev (pom kev) thiab kev txav mus los (kev txav ntawm lub cev) uas tsim nyog rau kev sau ntawv.

Vim tias cov kev ntsuam xyuas no tsis ntsuas txhua yam ntawm dysgraphia, pab pawg neeg qhia ntawv ntawm koj tus menyuam feem ntau yuav siv lwm txoj hauv kev los txheeb xyuas dysgraphia. Nyob ntawm koj tus menyuam thiab lawv qhov kev kawm sib txawv, kev tshawb fawb tob dua yuav raug ua.

Yuav ua li cas tswj hwm dysgraphia?

Vim tias dysgraphia muaj ntau yam tsos mob thiab cuam tshuam rau txhua tus neeg sib txawv, txoj kev uas dysgraphia raug tswj hwm sib txawv ntawm ib tus neeg mus rau ib tus neeg.

Tam sim no, tsis muaj tshuaj kho mob dysgraphia. Hloov chaw, kev cuam tshuam kev kawm tuaj yeem qhia cov hau kev sau ntawv zoo thiab tshiab.

Feem ntau, kev cuam tshuam kev kawm tuaj yeem muab faib ua cov theem no:

• Kev Pab: Qhov no yog ib qho kev pabcuam uas tso cai rau koj tus menyuam nkag mus rau cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb yam tsis tas hloov cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov ntawv kawm. Hauv cov lus yooj yim, nws yog ib qho kev pabcuam uas pab koj tus menyuam kawm yam tsis tas hloov cov ntawv kawm. Piv txwv li, muab sijhawm ntau rau koj tus menyuam sau ntawv, lossis siv lub khoos phis tawj es tsis txhob sau ntawv.
• Kev Hloov Kho: Lub tsev kawm ntawv ntawm koj tus menyuam yuav hloov kho tus menyuam lub hom phiaj thiab cov hom phiaj, thiab muab cov kev pabcuam los txo qhov cuam tshuam ntawm dysgraphia. Piv txwv li, cia koj tus menyuam teb cov lus nug hais lus es tsis txhob teb cov lus teb sau ntawv rau ntawm kev xeem.
• Kev Kho: Lub tsev kawm ntawv ntawm koj tus menyuam yuav muab kev pab tshwj xeeb los txo qhov hnyav ntawm lawv qhov dysgraphia. Qhov no suav nrog kev siv cov kev tawm dag zog tshwj xeeb thiab cov haujlwm los txhim kho lawv cov txuj ci sau ntawv.

Yuav kom koj tus menyuam tau txais kev kawm uas lawv tsim nyog tau txais, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev uas yuav tsum tawm tswv yim rau koj tus menyuam thiab ua haujlwm ua ke nrog lub tsev kawm ntawv.

Puas tiv thaiv tau dysgraphia?

Tu siab kawg li, dysgraphia tsis tuaj yeem tiv thaiv tau. Txawm li cas los xij, nws tuaj yeem tswj tau los ntawm kev nrhiav cov tswv yim sau ntawv sib txawv.

Kev kuaj mob thaum ntxov yog qhov tseem ceeb - yog tias koj tus menyuam muaj cov tsos mob thaum ntxov ntawm dysgraphia, nrog koj tus menyuam tus kws kho mob tham. Yog tias koj tus menyuam raug kuaj pom tias muaj dysgraphia, ua haujlwm nrog tsev kawm ntawv los tsim Txoj Kev Npaj Kev Kawm Tus Kheej (IEP) .

Yuav ua li cas thiaj paub txog dysgraphia?

Yog tias tsis kuaj pom tias muaj teeb meem dysgraphia, nws yuav nyuaj rau cov menyuam yaus kom kawm tau zoo hauv tsev kawm ntawv. Kev sau ntawv yog ib qho txuj ci tseem ceeb uas cuam tshuam nrog kev kawm tiav.

Cov menyuam uas muaj teeb meem sau ntawv feem ntau raug hu ua "ntxhov siab" lossis "tub nkeeg" es tsis yog raug txheeb xyuas tias muaj kev tsis taus kawm. Yog li ntawd, tus menyuam uas muaj dysgraphia yuav muaj teeb meem kev ntseeg tus kheej thiab xav tias lawv tsis ntse. Kev txhawb nqa zoo los ntawm cov neeg hlub thiab cov xib fwb tuaj yeem pab tus menyuam kov yeej cov teeb meem no.

Txhais li cas los ua neej nrog dysgraphia?

Muaj dysgraphia tsis yog txhais tau tias koj muaj teeb meem sau ntawv xwb, nws txhais tau tias kojTsis yog hais tias koj tsis muaj peev xwm lossis tub nkeeg. Kev nrhiav txoj hauv kev los pab tswj kev nyeem ntawv tsis tau zoo yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev kawm kom vam meej thiab tswj koj tus kheej kom muaj kev ntseeg siab. Nkag siab tias kev muaj kev nyeem ntawv tsis tau zoo tsis qhia tias koj tsis muaj kev txawj ntse.

Yuav ua li cas pab tus menyuam uas muaj dysgraphia?

Sawv cev rau koj tus menyuam. Koj thiab koj tus menyuam lub tsev kawm ntawv tuaj yeem ua haujlwm ua ke los tsim ib Txoj Kev Npaj Kawm Ntawv Tus Kheej (IEP). Daim ntawv no teev cov kev cia siab thiab cov phiaj xwm qhia uas tau tsim tshwj xeeb rau koj tus menyuam hauv tsev kawm ntawv.

Tsis tas li ntawd xwb, koj tuaj yeem pab txhim kho koj tus menyuam txoj kev sau ntawv hauv tsev.

• Sim siv cov khoom siv uas ua rau kev sau ntawv yooj yim dua, xws li cov tuav cwj mem.
• Nrhiav cov apps lossis software uas pab sau ntawv.
• Siv cov duab teeb tsa los pab sau ntawv.

Yog tias koj lossis koj tus menyuam tus xib fwb xav tias koj tus menyuam muaj teeb meem kev kawm xws li dysgraphia, koj tuaj yeem tau txais kev pab. Dysgraphia yog ib qho mob hlwb uas tuaj yeem tswj tau. Tham nrog koj tus menyuam tus kws kho mob, tus xib fwb, lossis tus thawj coj hauv tsev kawm ntawv kom nrhiav txoj hauv kev los pab txhim kho koj tus menyuam cov txuj ci sau ntawv.

Tej yam tseem ceeb tshaj plaws uas peb yuav tsum nco ntsoov (Cov Lus Coj Mus Tsev)

• Dysgraphia yog ib qho mob tiag tiag, tsis yog vim dhuav lossis tsis muaj kev txaus siab. Nws tsis yog vim tus menyuam txhob txwm tsis nyiam sau ntawv, nws tsuas yog tias nws yog ib qho kev cov nyom rau lawv.
• Kev txheeb xyuas thiab kev pab thaum ntxov yog qhov tseem ceeb heev. Thaum tus menyuam tau txais kev txhawb nqa uas lawv xav tau sai npaum li cas, lawv yuav kawm tau zoo dua nrog tus mob no.
• Qhov no tsis muaj feem cuam tshuam rau tus menyuam txoj kev txawj ntse. Cov menyuam uas muaj dysgraphia tuaj yeem ntse heev. Lawv tsuas yog muaj teeb meem nrog kev sau ntawv xwb.
• Koj tus menyuam xav tau koj txoj kev hlub, kev txhawb nqa, thiab kev nkag siab. Kev txhawb nqa lawv thiab kev txaus siab rau lawv txoj kev siv zog yuav pab tau lawv kom muaj kev ntseeg siab rau lawv tus kheej.
• Nrhiav kev pab los ntawm cov kws tshaj lij. Koj tuaj yeem kawm txog cov txheej txheem thiab kev tawm dag zog uas tsim nyog rau koj tus menyuam los ntawm cov neeg xws li cov kws kho mob ua haujlwm thiab cov kws tshaj lij kev kawm.
• Ua haujlwm nrog lub tsev kawm ntawv. Muab cov chaw thiab kev txhawb nqa tsim nyog rau tus menyuam hauv tsev kawm ntawv los ntawm 'IEP'.

Txawm hais tias dysgraphia yog ib qho mob nyuaj, yog tias muaj kev txhawb nqa thiab cov txheej txheem zoo, tus menyuam tuaj yeem muaj lub neej yav tom ntej zoo. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog rau tus menyuam kom xav tias koj nyob ntawd rau lawv.

Kev nyeem tsis tau ntawv, kev nyuaj sau ntawv, kev tsis taus kawm, kev kawm rau menyuam yaus, kev loj hlob ntawm lub hlwb, kev sau ntawv, kev txhawb nqa kev kawm