Thaum koj tawm hws, nkees heev, lossis mob plab, tej zaum koj twb tau hnov cov neeg laus hais tias, "Koj lub cev qhuav dej, haus ib lub txiv kab ntxwv." Los yog tej zaum koj tsuas xav tias nkees, qaug zog, lossis kiv taub hau. Ntau yam ntawm cov no tuaj yeem tshwm sim los ntawm kev tsis sib npaug ntawm cov electrolytes hauv peb lub cev. Yog li cov electrolytes no yog dab tsi? Vim li cas lawv thiaj tseem ceeb rau peb lub cev? Cia peb tham txog lawv kom meej thiab yooj yim hnub no.
Yog li, Electrolytes yog dab tsi tiag?
Hais yooj yim xwb, cov electrolytes yog cov tshuaj uas muaj peev xwm tsim tau ib qho hluav taws xob me me thaum yaj rau hauv dej. Xav txog nws zoo li lub roj teeb. Cov no yog cov ntsev ntxhia uas tuaj yeem nqa tau qhov hluav taws xob zoo (+) lossis tsis zoo (-).
Tam sim no saib, lub cev ntawm ib tug neeg laus yog 60% dej . Qhov ntawd txhais tau tias txhua lub cell hauv peb lub cev, txhua cov kua dej, muaj cov electrolytes no. Yog tsis muaj lawv, peb yuav tsis muaj peev xwm ua ntau yam, xws li tswj cov txheej txheem tshuaj lom neeg hauv peb lub cev, sib npaug ntawm cov kua dej hauv thiab sab nraud peb cov cell, ua rau peb cov leeg ua haujlwm, thiab xa cov lus ntawm cov hlab ntsha.
Peb tau txais cov electrolytes no los ntawm cov khoom noj uas peb noj thiab haus. Piv txwv li, txiv kab ntxwv, txiv tsawb, thiab ntsev muaj ntau yam ntawm lawv. Peb lub raum ua haujlwm ua lub lim dej ntawm peb lub cev. Yog tias lub cev muaj electrolytes ntau dua li nws xav tau, lub raum yuav tso tawm cov electrolytes ntau dhau hauv cov zis. Electrolytes kuj ploj ntawm peb lub cev thaum peb hws.
Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog kom muaj qhov sib npaug ntawm cov electrolytes no hauv lub cev. Yog tias muaj ntau dhau, nws yuav ua rau muaj teeb meem, thiab tsawg dhau, nws yuav ua rau muaj teeb meem.
Cia peb nkag siab txog qee cov lus uas peb feem ntau hnov.
Tej zaum koj yuav ntsib cov lus no thaum koj nrog ib tug kws kho mob tham lossis nyeem ib daim ntawv qhia. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev uas yuav tsum paub lawv lub ntsiab lus yooj yim.
| Lo lus | Lub ntsiab lus yooj yim |
|---|---|
| Hyper- (hyper) | Lo lus no siv los hais tias muaj ib yam dab tsi "ntau dhau lawm" . Piv txwv li: Hypernatremia (sodium ntau dhau). |
| Hypo- (hypo) | Lo lus no siv los piav txog qhov "tsis muaj" ib yam dab tsi. Piv txwv li: Hypokalemia (potassium tsawg). |
| Ion | Ib lub molecule uas muaj lub zog hluav taws xob. |
| Tus nqi pH | Kev ntsuas seb cov kua dej puas yog acidic lossis alkaline/basic. Lub pH ib txwm ntawm peb cov ntshav yuav tsum nyob nruab nrab ntawm 7.36 thiab 7.44. |
Cov electrolytes tseem ceeb hauv peb lub cev thiab lawv cov haujlwm
Muaj ntau hom electrolytes hauv peb lub cev. Txhua hom muaj nws lub luag haujlwm tshwj xeeb. Cia peb saib cov tseem ceeb, yuav ua li cas yog tias lawv nce ntxiv, thiab yuav ua li cas yog tias lawv txo qis, hauv lub rooj no.
| Cov electrolyte | Cov tsos mob uas tshwm sim yog tias muaj kev nce ntxiv (Hyper-) | Cov tsos mob ntawm qhov tsis txaus (Hypo-) |
|---|---|---|
| Sodium (Sodium / Na+) - Tseem ceeb rau kev sib npaug ntawm cov kua dej hauv cov cell thiab kev nqus cov as-ham. | ||
| Hypernatremia | Kev tsis meej pem, kev hloov pauv tus cwj pwm, tsis tswj tau cov leeg nqaij, qaug dab peg, tsis nco qab. | Kev tsis meej pem, kev chim siab, xeev siab thiab ntuav, qaug dab peg, coma. |
| Potassium (Potassium / K+) - Tseem ceeb heev rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub plawv thiab lub paj hlwb. | ||
| Hyperkalemia | Tsis muaj sia nyob, tsis muaj peev xwm txav cov leeg nqaij, thiab lub plawv dhia tsis xwm yeem (arrhythmias). | Mob nqaij thiab qaug zog, nqhis dej ntau dhau thiab tso zis ntau zaus, tsaus muag, thiab lub plawv dhia tsis xwm yeem. |
| Calcium (Calcium / Ca2+) - Tseem ceeb tsis yog rau cov pob txha thiab cov hniav xwb, tab sis kuj tseem ceeb rau cov leeg nqaij, cov hlab ntsha, thiab lub plawv. | ||
| Hypercalcemia | Mob taub hau, qaug zog heev, pob zeb hauv raum, mob plab, cem quav, lub plawv dhia tsis xwm yeem. | Kev tsis meej pem, cov leeg nqaij ntswj, thiab cov leeg nqaij hauv caj pas nruj, ua rau nws nyuaj rau hais lus lossis ua pa. |
| Magnesium (Magnesium / Mg2+) - Pab tsim lub zog, lub hlwb thiab cov leeg nqaij ua haujlwm. | ||
| Hypermagnesemia | Kev hloov pauv ntawm lub plawv dhia, ua pa nyuaj, thiab txawm tias lub plawv nres kuj tuaj yeem tshwm sim. | Cov leeg tsis muaj zog, cov leeg mob, lub plawv dhia tsis sib xws. |
| Chloride (Cl-) - Pab tswj lub cev cov kua dej thiab pH. | ||
| Hyperchloremia | Cov ntshav muaj kua qaub ntau ntxiv (acidosis), xeev siab, ntuav, qaug zog heev, ua pa sai. | Kev nce ntxiv ntawm alkalinity hauv cov ntshav (alkalosis), lub hlwb tsis meej, lub plawv dhia tsis sib xws, cov leeg nqaij ntswj. |
| Phosphate (PO43−) - Ib qho khoom siv rau DNA, pab cov cell tsim lub zog. | ||
| Hyperphosphatemia | Feem ntau ua rau cov calcium qis. Tej zaum yuav ua rau khaus heev. | Cov leeg tsis muaj zog. Cov mob hnyav, cov leeg tawg (rhabdomyolysis), qaug dab peg, ua pa nyuaj. |
| Bicarbonate (Bicarbonate / HCO3−) - Pab tswj qhov pH (acidity/alkalinity) ntawm cov ntshav. | ||
| Alkalosis (nce) | Lub hlwb tsis meej, qaug zog, lub plawv dhia tsis xwm yeem, cov leeg nqaij ntswj. | Acidosis (tsis txaus) - xeev siab, ntuav, qaug zog heev, ua pa sai thiab tob. |
Koj paub li cas yog tias muaj teeb meem electrolyte?
Yog tias koj muaj cov tsos mob uas tau hais los saum toj no, koj tus kws kho mob yuav xav tias muaj qhov tsis sib npaug ntawm cov electrolyte. Txhawm rau kom paub meej qhov no, lawv feem ntau yuav ua ob peb qhov kev kuaj ntshav thiab zis .
Tej zaum koj twb tau hnov txog cov no lawm.
- Basic Metabolic Panel (BMP): Qhov no tuaj yeem muab lub tswv yim ntxhib ntawm cov electrolytes tseem ceeb (xws li sodium, potassium, chloride) thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub raum.
- Daim Ntawv Qhia Txog Kev Kho Mob Metabolic Panel (CMP): Qhov no muaj ntau yam ntxiv dua li daim ntawv qhia txog kev kho mob BMP. Nws muab cov ntaub ntawv hais txog lwm yam xws li calcium thiab cov enzymes hauv siab.
- Vaj Huam Sib Luag Electrolyte: Qhov no tsuas yog saib ncaj qha rau cov electrolyte theem.
Yog tias cov kev kuaj mob yooj yim no qhia txog tej yam tsis zoo, koj tus kws kho mob yuav xaj kom muaj kev kuaj mob tshwj xeeb ntxiv kom paub qhov ua rau muaj qhov teeb meem no.
Kuv nkag siab li cas txog cov nqi hauv daim ntawv qhia?
Daim ntawv qhia txog kev kuaj uas koj tau txais yuav muaj ib qho "qhov ntsuas piv txwv" nrog koj tus nqi. Yog tias koj tus nqi nyob hauv qhov ntsuas ntawd, nws suav tias yog qhov ib txwm muaj.
Tiam sis nco ntsoov, qee zaum koj cov nqi yuav tawm ntawm qhov ntau thiab tsawg ib txwm muaj, tab sis nws yuav tsis yog teeb meem loj. Thiab qee zaum, txawm tias koj cov nqi nyob hauv qhov ntau thiab tsawg ib txwm muaj, yog tias koj muaj cov tsos mob, nws yuav yog teeb meem sib txawv.
Qhov no zoo li tig lub phaj rau ntawm ib tug pas nrig. Qhov sib npaug yog qhov tseem ceeb. Peb lub cev yeej ib txwm sim ua kom qhov sib npaug no. Yog li ntawd, tsuas yog koj tus kws kho mob thiaj li muab tau qhov kev txhais lus zoo tshaj plaws rau koj txog lub ntsiab lus ntawm koj cov txiaj ntsig kuaj.Yog li ntawd, nrog koj tus kws kho mob tham txog qhov ntawd.
Kuv yuav tsum mus ntsib kws kho mob thaum twg?
Cov tsos mob ntawm cov electrolyte tsis sib npaug feem ntau zoo li ib txwm muaj, xws li qaug zog thiab kiv taub hau. Tab sis yog tias koj muaj ib qho ntawm cov tsos mob no, koj yuav tsum mus ntsib kws kho mob.
- Yog tias koj xav tias qaug zog lossis tsis muaj zog tas li .
- Yog tias koj lub plawv dhia ceev lossis tsis xwm yeem .
- Yog koj muaj kev tsis meej pem, kev ntxhov siab, lossis kev nco tsis zoo .
- Yog tias koj mob nqaij ntau zaus, mob nqaij ntswj, lossis mob plab .
- Yog koj muaj mob plab heev, ntuav, los yog raws plab .
Yog koj muaj cov tsos mob no, tsis txhob tso tseg. Kev kho mob raws sijhawm yuav tiv thaiv tau cov teeb meem loj.
Cov Lus Qhia Txog Kev Coj Mus Tsev
- Electrolytes yog ib hom minerals uas tseem ceeb rau kev ua haujlwm zoo ntawm peb lub cev cov hlab ntsha, cov leeg, lub plawv, thiab lub hlwb.
- Qhov sib npaug yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws. Ob qho tib si ntau dhau thiab tsis txaus tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kab mob.
- Peb tau txais cov no los ntawm kev noj zaub mov kom sib npaug thiab cov kua dej uas peb haus. Txiv hmab txiv ntoo, zaub, thiab txiv kab ntxwv yog cov zoo tshwj xeeb.
- Thaum lub sijhawm xws li tawm hws ntau dhau, ntuav, lossis raws plab, yuav muaj ntau cov electrolytes poob ntawm lub cev. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum haus dej zoo li Jeevani thaum lub sijhawm zoo li no.
- Yog koj muaj cov tsos mob xws li qaug zog tas li, mob nqaij, lossis hloov pauv ntawm lub plawv dhia, tsis txhob tsis quav ntsej thiab sab laj nrog koj tus kws kho mob kom tau lus qhia .
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Tsis muaj lus teb tau muab tso tawm. Ntxiv koj cov lus tawm ntawm no thawj zaug.
Ntxiv koj cov lus