Qhov 'epithelium' no uas nyob txhua qhov chaw hauv peb lub cev yog dab tsi? Cia peb nkag siab yooj yim!

Koj puas tau xav paub tias peb daim tawv nqaij tiv thaiv peb li cas? Los yog peb nqus cov as-ham los ntawm cov khoom noj uas peb noj li cas, lossis peb tiv thaiv cov khoom xws li hmoov av kom tsis txhob nkag mus rau hauv peb lub cev thaum peb ua pa li cas? Cov ntaub so ntswg tshwj xeeb no uas peb yuav tham txog hnub no muaj feem cuam tshuam nrog txhua yam no. Nws hu ua epithelium . Tej zaum koj yuav tau hnov ​​​​lo lus no los ntawm tus kws kho mob. Yog li, cia peb saib seb nws yog dab tsi, nws nyob qhov twg hauv lub cev, thiab nws ua dab tsi.

Epithelium yog dab tsi? Hais yooj yim xwb...

Cov epithelium yog ib hom nqaij tshwj xeeb hauv peb lub cev . Xav txog nws, nws npog yuav luag txhua qhov chaw sab hauv thiab sab nraud peb lub cev, kab sab hauv ntawm cov qhov thiab cov kabmob khoob, thiab tseem yog cov nqaij tseem ceeb hauv peb cov qog.

Tam sim no tej zaum koj yuav xav paub, cov ntaub so ntswg epithelial no ua dab tsi rau peb lub cev? Qhov tseeb, nws muaj ntau yam haujlwm nyob ntawm seb nws nyob qhov twg . Cov haujlwm tseem ceeb yog kev tiv thaiv, kev tso tawm ntau yam tshuaj, thiab kev nqus cov khoom tsim nyog .

Tej zaum koj paub tias muaj plaub hom nqaij tseem ceeb hauv peb lub cev:

• Cov ntaub so ntswg epithelial
• Cov ntaub so ntswg sib txuas
• Cov nqaij ntshiv
• Cov ntaub so ntswg ntawm lub paj hlwb

Ntawm cov no, cov ntaub so ntswg epithelial yog qhov tseem ceeb heev. Vim tias yog tias muaj qee yam xav tau nkag mus lossis tawm hauv peb cov kabmob, nws yuav tsum dhau los ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg epithelial no ua ntej .

Koj xav seb muaj pes tsawg qhov chaw hauv peb lub cev uas cov ntaub so ntswg epithelial no nyob. Nov yog ob peb yam piv txwv:

• Txheej sab nraud tshaj plaws ntawm koj daim tawv nqaij (epidermis)
• Cov ntaub sab hauv koj lub plab
• Cov ntaub sab hauv koj txoj hlab pa
• Lub qhov hauv koj lub plab mog
• Koj cov qog hws

Cov ntaub so ntswg epithelial nyob txhua qhov chaw.

Yog li ntawd, cov hlwb epithelial yog dab tsi?

Yooj yim heev. Cov ntaub so ntswg epithelial yog ua los ntawm cov hlwb epithelial . Cov hlwb no tuaj yeem muaj ntau yam duab, thiab tuaj yeem teeb tsa ua ib txheej lossis ntau txheej. Nws nyob ntawm seb cov hlwb nyob qhov twg hauv lub cev thiab lawv ua haujlwm li cas.

Hauv kev kawm txog tsiaj txhu, lub cell yog lub cell me tshaj plaws ntawm lub neej uas muaj peev xwm nyob tau nws tus kheej. Peb lub cev muaj ntau txhiab lab lub cell no. Feem ntau lub cell muaj peb ntu tseem ceeb:

• Daim nyias nyias ntawm lub cell: Qhov no yog daim ntaub uas npog ib ncig ntawm lub cell. Nws tswj cov khoom nkag mus rau hauv thiab tawm hauv lub cell.
• Lub nucleus: Qhov no yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm lub cell. Nws muaj feem ntau ntawm cov ntaub ntawv caj ces ntawm lub cell, lossis DNA .
• Cytoplasm:Qhov no yog cov kua dej uas nyob hauv lub cell. Nws muaj lwm cov seem ntawm lub cell, cov qauv me me uas ua ntau yam haujlwm.

Qee hom hlwb, tshwj xeeb yog cov hlwb epithelial, muaj cov qauv tshwj xeeb ntawm lawv qhov chaw uas pab lawv ua lawv txoj haujlwm. Nov yog qee cov piv txwv:

• Microvilli: Cov no zoo li cov ntiv tes me me uas tawm ntawm qhov chaw ntawm cov cell. Tab sis lawv tsis txav. Lawv lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb yog ua kom thaj chaw ntawm lub cell ntau dua. Qhov no tso cai rau lub cell nqus tau ntau yam. Piv txwv li, cov cell epithelial hauv koj txoj hnyuv me muaj ntau txhiab tus microvilli no . Cov no yog yam pab koj nqus cov as-ham los ntawm cov khoom noj uas koj noj, thiab lawv kuj pab tiv thaiv koj lub cev los ntawm cov kab mob hauv koj txoj hnyuv.
• Cilia: Cov no yog cov qauv zoo heev, zoo li plaub hau, thiab txav tau. Lawv pom nyob rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm cov cell. Lawv tuaj yeem txav tag nrho cov cell, lossis txav cov khoom raws qhov chaw sab nraud ntawm cov cell. Ib lub cell uas muaj cilia feem ntau muaj ntau pua cilia. Xav txog nws, cov cell epithelial hauv koj txoj kev ua pa muaj cov cilia no . Thaum koj ua pa hauv cov hmoov av thiab lwm yam khoom me me, lawv raug ntes hauv cov cilia no, txav lawv mus rau qhov ntswg, tiv thaiv lawv kom tsis txhob mus rau hauv lub ntsws. Lwm qhov piv txwv yog cov cell epithelial hauv cov raj Fallopian ntawm cov poj niam. Cov no pab txav lub qe los ntawm lub zes qe menyuam mus rau lub tsev menyuam.
• Stereocilia: Cov no yog ib hom microvilli tshwj xeeb. Tab sis lawv zoo li cilia. Lawv kuj yog cov projections los ntawm qhov chaw ntawm qee cov epithelial cell. Cov stereocilia no yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev hnov ​​​​​​lus thiab kev sib npaug hauv cov ntaub so ntswg epithelial ntawm koj lub pob ntseg sab hauv .

Muaj cov hlwb epithelial hom twg?

Vim tias cov ntaub so ntswg epithelial muaj ntau yam haujlwm sib txawv, muaj ntau hom epithelial cell, nyob ntawm seb lawv nyob qhov twg. Cia peb saib seb lawv yog dab tsi.

Hom hlwb epithelial los ntawm cov duab

Muaj peb hom hlwb tseem ceeb raws li lawv cov duab:

• Squamous epithelium: Cov hlwb no tiaj tus, zoo li nplooj.
• Cuboidal epithelium: Cov hlwb no yog cuboidal nyob rau hauv cov duab, txhais tau tias lawv yog tib qhov siab, dav, thiab tob.
• Columnar epithelium: Cov hlwb no zoo li ib tug ncej, txhais tau tias lawv siab dua li lawv dav.

Cov hom raws li seb cov cell tau teeb tsa li cas

Cov ntaub so ntswg epithelial kuj txawv ntawm txoj kev uas cov hlwb tau teeb tsa:

• Yooj Yim: Ib qho epithelium yooj yim yog ib qho uas tsuas muaj ib txheej ntawm cov hlwb .
• Stratified: Ib qho epithelium stratified yog ua los ntawm ntau tshaj ib txheej ntawm cov hlwb .
• Pseudostratified:Qhov no tshwj xeeb me ntsis. Vim tias cov cell no tau ntim ua ke, thiab lawv muaj ntau qhov loj sib txawv, nws zoo li muaj ntau txheej. Tab sis qhov tseeb tsuas muaj ib txheej ntawm cov cell xwb .

Cov hom hlwb epithelial tseem ceeb hauv koj lub cev yog dab tsi?

Tam sim no, los ntawm kev sib txuas cov duab uas peb tau tham saum toj no thiab txoj kev uas cov txheej cell tau teeb tsa, peb tuaj yeem txheeb xyuas ntau hom epithelial tissue. Nov yog qee qhov ntawm lawv:

• Cov epithelium squamous yooj yim: Hom no feem ntau yog kab cov hlab ntsha thiab cov qhov hauv lub cev thiab tswj kev hla mus rau cov nqaij hauv qab.
• Cov epithelium cuboidal yooj yim: Cov no feem ntau pom muaj nyob rau hauv cov ntaub so ntswg glandular (uas tsim cov kua qaub) thiab cov raj raum.
• Cov epithelium yooj yim columnar: Cov no feem ntau yog tshwj xeeb rau kev nqus. Cov hlwb no feem ntau muaj cilia lossis microvilli ntawm lawv qhov chaw. Cov hlwb no kab koj lub plab thiab cov hnyuv.
• Cov epithelium squamous uas muaj txheej txheem sib cais: Cov ntaub so ntswg no feem ntau muaj cov haujlwm tiv thaiv. Piv txwv li, tiv thaiv cov ntaub so ntswg hauv qab ntawm cov kab mob me me lossis kev puas tsuaj los ntawm dej. Cov txheej sab nraud tshaj plaws ntawm koj daim tawv nqaij (epidermis) yog ua los ntawm cov hlwb squamous epithelial uas muaj txheej txheem sib cais no.
• Cov epithelium uas muaj cov duab plaub fab sib cais: Hom no tsis tshua muaj neeg pom. Nws tuaj yeem pom nyob rau hauv cov ducts ntawm koj cov qog salivary thiab cov qog hws.
• Cov epithelium uas muaj cov kab sib cais ua pawg: Qhov no kuj tsis tshua muaj ntau. Nws pom nyob rau hauv daim nyias nyias (conjunctiva) uas ua rau koj lub qhov muag ci ntsa iab. Nws muab kev tiv thaiv thiab tseem tso cov hnoos qeev tawm.
• Pseudostratified columnar epithelium: Hom no ua rau koj txoj hlab pa sab saud puas. Feem ntau nws muaj ntau cov cilia.

Cov hlwb epithelial nrog cov haujlwm tshwj xeeb

Muaj qee cov hlwb epithelial uas tuaj yeem faib ua pawg raws li lawv cov haujlwm tshwj xeeb.

• Cov epithelium hloov pauv: Kuj hu ua urothelium . Nws muaj ntau txheej ntawm cov cell. Qhov tshwj xeeb txog qhov no yog tias thaum ncab, cov cell no tiaj tus. Nws ua rau feem ntau ntawm koj txoj hlab zis kab . Nws kuj yog cov nqaij uas tso cai rau koj lub zais zis nthuav dav.
• Cov epithelium ntawm cov qog ntshav:Cov epithelium no yog hom tshwj xeeb los tsim thiab tso tawm cov tshuaj. Cov no pom muaj nyob rau hauv koj cov qog. Cov qog yog cov kabmob tshwj xeeb uas tuaj yeem tsim, khaws cia, thiab/lossis tso tawm cov khoom xws li cov tshuaj hormones, cov protein, thiab dej.
• Cov epithelium ntawm lub qhov ntswg: Qhov no nyob hauv koj lub qhov ntswg. Nws muaj cov hlwb ntawm lub qhov ntswg uas txais cov ntxhiab tsw . Cov hlwb no muaj cov qauv ntev, tshwj xeeb hu ua cilia. Thaum koj ua pa, cov ntxhiab tsw yuav raug ntes hauv cov cilia thaum lawv hla dhau qhov epithelial nto no. Cov ntaub ntawv hais txog cov ntxhiab tsw ntawd ces mus los ntawm cov receptors mus rau lub qhov ntswg hauv koj lub hlwb. Qhov ntawd yog qhov uas koj lub hlwb txhais cov ntxhiab ntawd.

Yog li, qhov tseeb tiag tiag tshwm sim rau cov ntaub so ntswg epithelial? (Kev Ua Haujlwm)

Tam sim no koj tuaj yeem pom tias cov ntaub so ntswg epithelial tseem ceeb npaum li cas rau peb lub cev. Lawv ua ntau yam haujlwm uas tseem ceeb rau peb lub neej. Vim tias cov hlwb epithelial pom muaj thoob plaws lub cev, lawv txoj haujlwm thiab lub hom phiaj sib txawv nyob ntawm qhov chaw uas lawv nyob.

Cov ntaub so ntswg epithelial feem ntau ua ib lossis ntau yam ntawm cov haujlwm hauv qab no:

• Kev Tiv Thaiv: Cov ntaub so ntswg epithelial tiv thaiv ntau qhov ntawm peb lub cev. Piv txwv li, koj daim tawv nqaij yog ua los ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg epithelial . Nws tiv thaiv cov ntaub so ntswg, cov hlab ntsha, cov leeg, thiab cov kab mob sab hauv koj lub cev. Ib yam li ntawd, cov cilia ntawm cov hlwb epithelial uas nyob hauv koj txoj hnyuv tiv thaiv koj lub cev tas ntawm cov kab mob hauv txoj hnyuv.
• Kev Tso Tawm: Cov ntaub so ntswg epithelial hauv koj cov qog (glandular epithelium) tuaj yeem tso cov enzymes, cov tshuaj hormones, thiab ntau yam kua dej.
• Kev Nqus Tau: Cov ntaub so ntswg epithelial uas nyob ib sab ntawm koj cov kab mob sab hauv, xws li koj lub siab thiab lub ntsws, tuaj yeem nqus tau qee yam. Piv txwv li, cov ntaub so ntswg epithelial hauv koj txoj hnyuv nqus cov as-ham los ntawm cov khoom noj uas koj noj .
• Kev Tso Tawm: Kev tso tawm yog txheej txheem ntawm kev tshem tawm cov khoom pov tseg ntawm lub cev. Cov ntaub so ntswg epithelial hauv koj lub raum tso tawm cov khoom pov tseg . Thiab cov ntaub so ntswg epithelial hauv koj cov qog hws tso tawm hws.
• Kev lim: Cov epithelium hauv koj txoj kev ua pa ntxuav cov huab cua uas koj ua pa los ntawm kev lim cov hmoov av thiab cov av qias neeg . Ib yam li ntawd, cov ntaub so ntswg epithelial hauv koj lub raum lim koj cov ntshav.
• Kev Sib Kis: Hauv kev kawm txog tsiaj txhu, kev sib kis yog kev txav mus los ntawm cov molecule lossis cov khoom me me los ntawm thaj chaw uas muaj ntau dua mus rau thaj chaw uas muaj tsawg dua. Ib daim nyias nyias uas ua los ntawm cov hlwb epithelial tsuas yog tso cai rau cov tshuaj xaiv kom dhau los ntawm nws. Cov txheej txheem ntawm kev sib kis no pab ua haujlwm xws li kev lim dej, kev nqus, thiab kev tso pa tawm.
• Kev txais tos ntawm lub cev:Peb lub cev tau txais cov ntaub ntawv kev xav los ntawm lub ntiaj teb sab nraud vim yog cov hlab ntsha kawg uas nyob hauv cov ntaub so ntswg epithelial. Piv txwv li, cov stereocilia ntawm qhov chaw ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg epithelial hauv koj pob ntseg yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev hnov ​​​​​​lus thiab kev sib npaug . Ib yam li ntawd, cov saj ntawm koj tus nplaig tau nyob hauv cov epithelium squamous stratified ntawm koj tus nplaig.

Cov kab mob dab tsi cuam tshuam rau cov ntaub so ntswg epithelial?

Qhov kev pheej hmoo loj tshaj plaws nrog cov ntaub so ntswg epithelial yog qhov ua tau ntawm kev tsim cov mob qog noj ntshav, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov hom mob qog noj ntshav xws li adenocarcinoma lossis papillary thyroid carcinoma .

Adenocarcinoma yog ib hom mob qog noj ntshav uas cuam tshuam rau cov ntaub so ntswg epithelial ntawm cov qog nqaij hlav. Nws yog hom mob qog noj ntshav uas feem ntau tshwm sim hauv cov qog nqaij hlav. Qhov no yog vim:

• Feem ntau cov mob qog nqaij hlav prostate
• Ntau yam mob qog nqaij hlav mis
• Kwv yees li 96% ntawm cov mob qog nqaij hlav colorectal
• Kwv yees li 95% ntawm cov mob qog nqaij hlav pancreatic
• Cov mob qog nqaij hlav ntsws uas tsis yog hom me me suav txog li 40% ntawm tag nrho cov mob qog nqaij hlav ntsws.

Kab mob qog nqaij hlav papillary thyroid carcinoma yog li ntawm 80% ntawm cov mob qog nqaij hlav thyroid. Hom mob qog nqaij hlav no loj hlob qeeb qeeb. Txawm tias nws kis mus rau cov qog ntshav hauv caj dab los xij, tus kab mob teb tau zoo rau kev kho mob. Nws kho tau zoo heev thiab tsis tshua muaj neeg tuag taus.

Ntxiv rau mob qog noj ntshav, lwm yam teeb meem uas cuam tshuam nrog cov ntaub so ntswg epithelial tuaj yeem tshwm sim hauv ntau yam kabmob. Qee qhov mob uas pom ntau tshaj plaws suav nrog:

• Mob hawb pob: Mob hawb pob yog ib yam mob uas koj txoj hlab pa nqaim, o, thiab tej zaum yuav tsim cov hnoos qeev ntau dhau. Hauv qhov no, cov epithelium ntawm txoj hlab pa hloov pauv thiab ua rau tsis muaj zog.
• Kab mob celiac: Thaum ib tug neeg uas muaj kab mob celiac noj gluten (ib hom protein uas pom muaj nyob rau hauv qee cov nplej), lawv lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob tawm tsam thiab ua puas rau cov microvilli hauv cov hlwb epithelial uas ua rau lawv txoj hnyuv. Qhov no ua rau nws nyuaj rau txoj hnyuv kom nqus tau cov as-ham kom zoo.
• Kab mob Human Papillomavirus (HPV) hom 1-4: HPV tuaj yeem ua rau muaj cov pob khaus ntawm cov hlwb epithelial hauv txheej sab nraud ntawm koj daim tawv nqaij (epidermis).
• Kab mob kiv taub hau: Kab mob kiv taub hau yog ib yam mob uas ua rau koj xav tias koj tig koj lub pob ntseg. Nws muaj ntau yam ua rau. Ib qho ua rau yog kev sib sau ua ke ntawm cov hlwb squamous epithelial hauv koj lub pob ntseg (hu ua cholesteatoma ). Yog tias tsis kho, nws tuaj yeem ua rau koj kiv taub hau (teeb meem sib npaug) thiab teeb meem hnov ​​​​lus.

Cov kev kuaj twg kuaj cov hlwb epithelial?

Vim tias cov hlwb epithelial pom muaj nyob rau ntau qhov chaw tseem ceeb hauv peb lub cev, muaj ntau hom kev kuaj mob uas kuaj cov hlwb epithelial kom pom tias lawv puas koom nrog qee yam kab mob. Hauv kev kho mob, kev kuaj mob yog kev kuaj cov hlwb hauv cov nqaij ntawm lub cev lossis cov kua dej hauv chav kuaj mob kom kuaj mob. Tus kws tshawb fawb uas kuaj cov hlwb no hu ua tus kws kho mob pathologist .

Qee cov piv txwv ntawm kev ntsuam xyuas ntsig txog cov ntaub so ntswg epithelial:

• Cov qe ntshav epithelial hauv cov zis: Kev kuaj zis yog ib qho kev kuaj uas ntsuas ntau yam hauv koj cov zis. Ib feem ntawm qhov ntawd yog kev suav cov qe ntshav epithelial hauv cov zis. Tus kws kho mob hauv chaw kuaj mob yuav saib koj cov zis hauv qab lub tshuab microscope kom pom tias tus lej ntawm cov qe ntshav epithelial nyob hauv qhov ntau thiab tsawg. Nws yog ib txwm muaj ob peb lub qe ntshav epithelial hauv koj cov zis. Tab sis yog tias koj muaj ntau ntawm lawv, nws yuav yog ib qho cim ntawm kev kis kab mob, kab mob raum, lossis lwm yam mob hnyav .
• Kev kuaj Pap smear / Pap: Kev kuaj Pap yog ib qho kev kuaj los xyuas seb puas muaj cov hlwb epithelial tsis zoo hauv lub qhov ncauj tsev menyuam uas yog mob qog noj ntshav lossis tej zaum yuav dhau los ua mob qog noj ntshav. Hauv qhov kev kuaj no, tus kws kho mob yuav coj cov qauv ntawm cov hlwb los ntawm lub qhov ncauj tsev menyuam thiab kuaj lawv hauv qab lub tshuab microscope.
• Qee qhov kev kuaj biopsy: Kev kuaj biopsy yog kev kuaj (feem ntau nyob rau hauv lub tshuab microscope) ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg uas raug tshem tawm ntawm ib feem ntawm lub cev los nrhiav cov cim ntawm tus kab mob. Muaj ntau hom kev kuaj biopsy uas tshuaj xyuas cov hlwb epithelial. Piv txwv li, kev kuaj prostate biopsy suav nrog kev siv koob txhaj tshuaj los ntawm prostate thiab kuaj xyuas cov cim ntawm mob qog noj ntshav. Kev kuaj biopsy rau tus kab mob celiac suav nrog kev siv cov hlwb epithelial los ntawm daim ntaub ntawm txoj hnyuv me me los ntawm kev siv endoscopy thiab kuaj xyuas seb puas muaj kev puas tsuaj rau cov microvilli hauv cov hlwb.
• Qee qhov kev kuaj Cytology (Cytology tests / Cytopathology): Cytology yog kev kuaj cov cell los ntawm cov nqaij ntawm lub cev lossis cov kua dej kom paub tseeb tias muaj mob. Muaj ntau yam kev kuaj cytology uas cuam tshuam nrog cov cell epithelial, xws li gynecologic cytology, thyroid cytology, respiratory cytology, thiab eye cytology.

Qhov txawv ntawm epithelium, endothelium, thiab mesothelium yog dab tsi?

Peb lub npe no yuav ua rau tsis meej pem vim lawv suab zoo ib yam me ntsis. Epithelium, endothelium , thiab mesothelium yog peb hom epithelial cell txheej uas kab peb cov kabmob sab hauv, cov qhov hauv lub cev, thiab tsim cov txheej sab nraud ntawm peb daim tawv nqaij.

• Feem ntau cov epithelium ua kab rau cov txoj kev uas qhib rau sab nraud, piv txwv li koj txoj kev ua pa thiab lub plab zom mov.
• Endothelium feem ntau kab tag nrho lub cev sab hauv cov kav dej, piv txwv li koj lub cev ncig ntshav (cov hlab ntsha) thiab lub qhov muag ntawm koj lub qhov muag.
• Cov mesothelium ua kab rau koj lub cev qhov loj. Piv txwv li, lub plab (peritoneum), lub ntsws (pleura), thiab lub plawv (pericardium). Cov mesothelium tso tawm cov kua roj nplua nyeem hu ua serous fluid .

Cov ntaub so ntswg epithelial yog ib hom ntaub so ntswg uas ua ntau yam haujlwm uas tseem ceeb rau koj lub cev ua haujlwm thiab kev noj qab haus huv. Tej zaum koj twb tau hnov ​​koj tus kws kho mob siv lo lus "epithelium" thaum tham txog qee yam kev kuaj mob lossis hom mob qog noj ntshav. Muaj ntau lo lus nyuaj, txawv txawv zoo li no hauv kev kho mob. Yog tias koj tsis paub meej txog lo lus uas koj tus kws kho mob siv, tsis txhob ntshai nug nws tias nws txhais li cas.

Cov lus tseem ceeb tshaj plaws rau koj yuav tsum nco ntsoov (Cov Lus Coj Mus Tsev)

Yog li, kuv vam tias koj muaj lub tswv yim yooj yim txog qhov 'epithelium' uas peb tau tham txog hnub no.

• Cov epithelium yog ib daim ntaub tshwj xeeb uas ua haujlwm ua ib daim npog thiab pom yuav luag txhua qhov chaw hauv peb lub cev. Nws pom muaj nyob rau hauv cov chaw xws li daim tawv nqaij, txoj hnyuv, thiab txoj hlab pa.
• Qhov no ua ntau yam haujlwm tseem ceeb, xws li kev tiv thaiv, kev tso tawm, thiab kev nqus .
• Muaj ntau hom hlwb epithelial nyob ntawm lawv cov duab thiab kev npaj.
• Qee yam mob, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog mob qog noj ntshav , tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau cov ntaub so ntswg epithelial no, thiab kuj tseem txuas nrog cov mob xws li mob hawb pob thiab mob celiac.
• Kev noj qab haus huv ntawm cov hlwb no tuaj yeem pom los ntawm ntau yam kev kuaj mob (kev kuaj zis, Pap smears, biopsies) .

Kev paub txog koj lub cev yuav pab tau koj kom noj qab nyob zoo. Yog li ntawd, xav paub ntxiv txog cov no.

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