Thaum peb hnov lo lus "mob qog noj ntshav," peb txhua tus ntshai me ntsis. Nws yog ib lo lus tseem ceeb heev. Tab sis kev tshawb fawb kho mob tau nce qib ntau dua li yav dhau los. Cov kev kho mob tshiab tau raug tshawb pom yuav luag txhua hnub los kho thiab tswj mob qog noj ntshav. Niaj hnub no, peb tab tom tham txog kev kho mob uas tau hloov pauv lub ntiaj teb ntawm kev kho mob qog noj ntshav thiab coj kev cia siab tshiab rau ntau tus neeg. Ntawd yog kev kho mob tiv thaiv kab mob.
Yog li, hais yooj yim xwb, immunotherapy yog dab tsi?
Xav txog tias peb lub cev zoo li ib lub teb chaws. Muaj ib pab tub rog uas muaj peev xwm thiab muaj zog heev los tiv thaiv lub teb chaws no. Peb hu pab tub rog no ua lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob . Cov tub rog hauv pab tub rog no (uas yog, cov hlwb tiv thaiv kab mob) saib xyuas peb lub cev thoob plaws hnub. Lawv txoj haujlwm yog nrhiav thiab rhuav tshem cov yeeb ncuab los ntawm sab nraud (xws li cov kab mob thiab cov kab mob me me) thiab cov neeg ntxeev siab los ntawm sab hauv (xws li cov hlwb mob qog noj ntshav).
Feem ntau, cov tub rog no zoo heev ntawm kev txheeb xyuas thiab rhuav tshem cov hlwb qog noj ntshav. Tab sis qee zaum, cov hlwb qog noj ntshav no ntse heev. Lawv ua txuj ua li thiab nkaum ntawm peb cov tub rog. Los yog, lawv xa cov cim uas ua rau peb cov tub rog tsis ua haujlwm.
Qhov ntawd yog qhov uas kev kho mob tiv thaiv kab mob los txog. Hais yooj yim xwb, kev kho mob tiv thaiv kab mob yog cov txheej txheem ntawm kev muab kev cob qhia tshwj xeeb rau peb lub cev lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob (tub rog) thiab lub zog ntxiv los pab nws nrhiav thiab rhuav tshem cov hlwb qog nqaij hlav zais cia.
Kev kho mob no ua haujlwm li cas?
Kev kho mob tiv thaiv kab mob pab peb lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob hauv ob txoj kev tseem ceeb:
1. Kev cob qhia lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob: Peb qhia peb cov hlwb tiv thaiv kab mob kom paub tseeb tias cov hlwb qog nqaij hlav zais cia. Qhov ntawd yog, lawv tshem cov ntaub npog ntsej muag ntawm cov hlwb qog nqaij hlav thiab qhia rau cov tub rog, hais tias, "Nov yog tus yeeb ncuab."
2. Ua kom muaj cov qe ntshav tua kab mob qog noj ntshav ntau ntxiv: Nws pab lub cev tsim cov qe ntshav tiv thaiv kab mob (cov tub rog) ntau heev uas tawm tsam kab mob qog noj ntshav. Ces nws yooj yim dua rau ib pab tub rog loj kom yeej kev sib ntaus sib tua dua li ib pab tub rog me.
Kev kho mob no tam sim no siv ua thawj txoj kev kho mob rau ntau hom mob qog noj ntshav, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov mob qog noj ntshav uas tau kis mus rau lwm qhov ntawm lub cev (metastatic). Qee zaum nws raug muab ua ke nrog lwm yam kev kho mob, xws li kev siv tshuaj kho mob qog noj ntshav.
Cov hom kev kho mob tiv thaiv kab mob tseem ceeb yog dab tsi?
Muaj ntau hom kev kho mob tiv thaiv kab mob sib txawv, txhua tus siv cov feem sib txawv ntawm peb lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob los tawm tsam mob qog noj ntshav.
1. Cov Tshuaj Tiv Thaiv Kev Tshawb Xyuas
Peb lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob muaj zog heev. Yog tias nws ua dhau lawm, nws tuaj yeem ua rau peb cov hlwb noj qab haus huv puas tsuaj. Yog vim li ntawd peb lub cev thiaj li muaj ib lub kaw lus "checkpoints" lossis "brake". Thaum lub hlwb tiv thaiv kab mob (piv txwv li, T cell) tab tom yuav tawm tsam lub hlwb qog noj ntshav, lub hlwb qog noj ntshav ntse yuav nqis mus rau ntawm "brake" no thiab ua rau lub hlwb tiv thaiv kab mob tsis ua haujlwm.
Yam tshuaj hu ua Checkpoint Inhibitor ua yog tso lub "nres" uas cov qog nqaij hlav tau tsuj rau. Tom qab ntawd peb cov qog nqaij hlav tiv thaiv kab mob tuaj yeem rov qab ua haujlwm. Qhov ntawd txhais tau tias lawv tuaj yeem txuas ntxiv rhuav tshem cov qog nqaij hlav.
Txoj kev kho mob no yog siv rau cov mob qog noj ntshav uas mob heev.
| Hom Mob Cancer Uas Siv Rau Cov Tshuaj Checkpoint Inhibitors Feem Ntau | |
|---|---|
| Mob qog nqaij hlav | Mob qog nqaij hlav |
| Mob qog nqaij hlav ntawm lub tsev menyuam | Mob qog nqaij hlav ntawm daim tawv nqaij (Melanoma) |
| Mob qog nqaij hlav ntawm txoj hlab pas | Mob qog nqaij hlav ntsws (Mob qog nqaij hlav ntsws uas tsis yog hom me) |
| Mob qog noj ntshav hauv taub hau thiab caj dab | Mob qog noj ntshav hauv lub mis (Triple-negative breast cancer) |
2. Kev Kho Mob Cell Txais Yuav
Qhov no zoo li coj peb cov tub rog tawm ntawm cov tub rog, xa lawv mus rau ib lub yeej cob qhia tshwj xeeb, muab lub hwj chim loj rau lawv, thiab xa lawv rov qab mus rau hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua. Ntawm no, cov kws kho mob coj qee cov qe ntshav dawb (T-cell) ntawm koj lub cev thiab cog rau hauv chav kuaj.
- Kev kho mob CAR T-cell: Ntawm no, cov T-cell raug hloov kho caj ces hauv chav kuaj kom muaj "qhov muag" tshwj xeeb (receptors) uas tuaj yeem paub txog cov cell mob qog noj ntshav. Cov T-cell muaj zog heev no tom qab ntawd raug tsim ntau heev thiab rov qab coj mus rau hauv lub cev. Cov no mus ncaj qha rau thiab rhuav tshem cov cell mob qog noj ntshav.
- Kev kho mob qog nqaij hlav-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL):Los ntawm kev noj qee cov hlwb tiv thaiv kab mob (TILs) uas nyob sab hauv lossis nyob ib puag ncig lub qog, loj hlob lawv ntau heev hauv chav kuaj, thiab tom qab ntawd muab lawv rov qab rau lub cev, cov hlwb ntawd tuaj yeem tawm tsam mob qog noj ntshav tau zoo.
3. Cov Tshuaj Monoclonal Antibodies
Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob yog lwm qhov tseem ceeb ntawm peb lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob. Lawv txuas rau cov hlwb txawv teb chaws thiab cim lawv tias "ntawm no yog tus yeeb ncuab" rau lwm cov hlwb tiv thaiv kab mob pom. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv monoclonal yog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob cuav uas ua nyob rau hauv chav kuaj mob uas tsom mus rau cov hlwb qog noj ntshav. Lawv zoo li cov foob pob hluav taws GPS. Lawv tuaj yeem:
- Thaiv cov protein uas xav tau rau kev loj hlob ntawm cov qog nqaij hlav.
- Lawv txuas rau cov hlwb qog noj ntshav thiab ua lub cim rau lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob kom rhuav tshem lawv.
- Xa cov tshuaj lom lossis cov tshuaj radioactive ncaj qha mus rau cov hlwb qog noj ntshav (Kev xa khoom raws li lub hom phiaj).
4. Tshuaj Tiv Thaiv Kab Mob Cancer
Qhov no tsis zoo li cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob uas peb feem ntau tau txais los tiv thaiv cov kab mob kis. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no raug muab tom qab mob qog noj ntshav tau loj hlob tuaj. Qhov tshuaj tiv thaiv no ua yog siv qee qhov ntawm cov hlwb qog noj ntshav los cob qhia peb lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob kom paub txog mob qog noj ntshav.
5. Cov Tshuaj Kho Mob Tiv Thaiv Kab Mob
Cov tshuaj no feem ntau yog cov tshuaj uas ua rau peb lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob ua haujlwm tau zoo. Piv txwv li, cov protein xws li 'Cytokines', 'Interferons' thiab 'Interleukins' yog tsim los ntawm kev dag thiab muab los ua kev kho mob. Cov tshuaj xws li 'Thalidomide' thiab 'Lenalidomide' kuj yog cov tshuaj uas koom nrog pawg no.
Puas muaj tej yam tshwm sim tsis zoo rau txoj kev kho mob no?
Yog. Muaj tseeb tiag. Ib yam li kev kho mob qog noj ntshav, kev kho mob tiv thaiv kab mob muaj cov teebmeem tshwm sim. Qhov tshwm sim ntawm no yog tias peb lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob, uas tau dhau los ua haujlwm ntau dhau, qee zaum yuam kev cov hlwb qog noj ntshav rau peb cov hlwb noj qab haus huv thiab tawm tsam lawv thiab. Qhov no hu ua 'kev phiv tshuaj ntsig txog kev tiv thaiv kab mob (irAE)'.
Qhov no zoo li mus tua cov yeeb ncuab thiab tsis txhob txwm tua koj cov neeg.
Cov kev mob tshwm sim feem ntau yog:
- Xav tias nkees heev (Fatigue)
- Khaus tawv nqaij
- Mob raws plab
- Xeev siab thiab ntuav
- Cov teeb meem hormone, xws li cov thyroid hormone qis.
Cov kev mob tshwm sim no feem ntau tsis hnyav heev, tab sis qee zaum tuaj yeem ua rau mob hnyav. Yog li ntawd, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum qhia rau koj tus kws kho mob tam sim ntawd yog tias koj muaj cov tsos mob txawv txawv.
Cov lus nug tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum nug koj tus kws kho mob
Yog tias koj lossis ib tug neeg hauv koj tsev neeg raug pom zoo kom siv tshuaj immunotherapy, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum paub meej txog yam koj tab tom ua. Tsis txhob ntshai nug koj tus kws kho mob txog tej lus nug uas koj muaj. Nov yog qee cov piv txwv:
- Hom kev kho mob tiv thaiv kab mob twg uas kuv pom zoo kom siv?
- Puas yuav muab lwm yam kev kho mob (xws li chemotherapy) nrog rau qhov kev kho mob no?
- Kuv yuav tau txais kev kho mob no li cas? Yuav siv sijhawm ntev npaum li cas? Kuv yuav tsum tau noj nws ntau zaus npaum li cas?
- Tej yam tshwm sim tsis zoo uas yuav tshwm sim rau lub sijhawm luv luv thiab ntev yog dab tsi? Yuav ua li cas thiaj tswj tau lawv?
- Yog tias muaj tej yam tshwm sim dab tsi uas kuv yuav tsum qhia rau koj tam sim ntawd?
- Kev kho mob no yuav cuam tshuam li cas rau kuv lub neej txhua hnub? Kuv puas yuav mus ua haujlwm thiab tawm dag zog tau?
- Peb yuav paub li cas tias kev kho mob no puas ua tiav?
Cov Lus Qhia Txog Kev Coj Mus Tsev
- Kev kho mob tiv thaiv kab mob yog ib txoj kev kho mob uas zoo heev thiab siv peb lub cev lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob los tawm tsam mob qog noj ntshav.
- Qhov no cob qhia lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob kom paub txog cov hlwb qog noj ntshav thiab tsim cov hlwb tua mob qog noj ntshav.
- Muaj ntau hom kev kho mob immunotherapy sib txawv, xws li checkpoint inhibitors thiab CAR T-cell therapy. Koj tus kws kho mob yuav txiav txim siab qhov kev kho mob zoo tshaj plaws raws li koj hom mob qog noj ntshav thiab theem ntawm koj tus mob qog noj ntshav.
- Ib yam li txhua yam kev kho mob, muaj tej yam kev mob tshwm sim, yog li nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum qhia rau koj tus kws kho mob txog tej yam tsos mob txawv txawv.
- Txawm hais tias kev kho mob tiv thaiv kab mob tsis zoo ib yam rau txhua tus mob qog noj ntshav lossis txhua tus neeg mob, nws yog ib qho kev tshawb pom tshiab uas tau tsa kev cia siab loj hauv kev kho mob qog noj ntshav.
💬 Comments (0)
Tsis muaj lus teb tau muab tso tawm. Ntxiv koj cov lus tawm ntawm no thawj zaug.
Ntxiv koj cov lus