Xav paub tseeb tias Kab Mob Meningococcal yog dab tsi? Cia peb tham txog nws!

Muaj tej yam kab mob uas zoo li ntshai me ntsis txawm tias koj hnov ​​lawv lub npe los xij, koj puas xav li ntawd? Hnub no peb yuav tham txog ib yam kab mob uas loj me ntsis, tab sis peb tuaj yeem tswj tau yog tias koj paub ua ntej. Qhov no hu ua kab mob meningococcal. Tsis txhob txhawj, cia peb tham txog txhua yam kom meej meej.

Kab mob Meningococcal yog dab tsi?

Hais yooj yim xwb, tus kab mob meningococcal yog ib qho kab mob kis los ntawm cov kab mob meningococcal. Nws yog tshwm sim los ntawm ib hom kab mob hu ua Neisseria meningitidis. Qee zaum nws hu ua meningococcus. Cov kab mob no tuaj yeem kis rau cov ntaub so ntswg uas nyob ib puag ncig peb lub hlwb thiab cov hlab ntsha (hu ua meninges) thiab cov ntshav . Cov kab mob no txaus ntshai heev thiab qee zaum tuaj yeem ua rau tuag taus . Thaum cov meninges kis tau tus kab mob li no, nws hu ua meningococcal meningitis, thiab thaum cov ntshav kis tus kab mob, nws hu ua meningococcal septicemia (zoo li kev lom ntshav).

Yuav piav qhia ntxiv me ntsis txog lo lus 'meninges', nws txhais tau tias peb lub paj hlwb nruab nrab , uas yog, peb daim nyias nyias uas nyob ib puag ncig peb lub hlwb thiab tus txha caj qaum. Ib yam li cov daim nyias nyias uas cais lub hauv paus ntawm txiv kab ntxwv, cov no kuj muab kev tiv thaiv rau peb lub hlwb thiab tus txha caj qaum. Qhov tseeb, peb daim tawv nqaij yog daim nyias nyias tiv thaiv loj tshaj plaws hauv peb lub cev. Peb daim nyias nyias no yog pia mater, arachnoid, thiab dura mater.

Qhov txawv ntawm tus kab mob meningococcal thiab tus kab mob meningitis yog dab tsi?

Tam sim no koj yuav xav tias, 'Yog li, kab mob meningococcal thiab kab mob meningitis puas yog tib yam?' Yog lawm, muaj qhov sib txawv me ntsis. Kab mob Meningococcal yog tshwm sim los ntawm cov kab mob tshwj xeeb uas peb tau hais ua ntej, Neisseria meningitidis . Txawm li cas los xij, 'meningitis' yog lo lus dav dav rau txhua yam mob uas ua rau o ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg (meninges) nyob ib puag ncig lub hlwb . Yog li, meningitis tuaj yeem tshwm sim hauv kab mob meningococcal. Txawm li cas los xij, tsis yog txhua yam kab mob meningitis yog tshwm sim los ntawm cov kab mob uas ua rau kab mob meningococcal. Meningitis kuj tuaj yeem tshwm sim los ntawm lwm cov kab mob, cov kab mob meningitis, thiab cov pwm, puas yog?

Leej twg raug kev txom nyem ntau tshaj los ntawm tus kab mob meningococcal?

Txawm hais tias leej twg los yeej muaj peev xwm kis tau tus kab mob meningococcal, tab sis qee tus neeg muaj feem yuav kis tau tus kab mob no ntau dua. Cia peb saib seb lawv yog leej twg:

• Raws li pawg hnub nyoog: Cov menyuam mos hnub nyoog qis dua ib xyoos, cov hluas (tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov hnub nyoog ntawm 16-23 xyoos), thiab cov hluas. Qhov kev pheej hmoo yuav siab dua yog tias cov hnub nyoog no raug pa luam yeeb thib ob (kev haus luam yeeb tsis tu ncua lossis kev haus luam yeeb nquag) .
• Kev Mus Ncig Tebchaws: Rau cov neeg uas mus ncig rau qee lub tebchaws uas muaj tus kab mob meningococcal ntau.
• Cov teeb meem kev noj qab haus huv:
• Cov neeg uas tsis muaj lub qhov ntswg lossis muaj lub qhov ntswg puas lawm (lub qhov ntswg yog ib qho tseem ceeb hauv peb lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob).
• Cov neeg uas muaj kab mob sickle cell.
• Cov neeg uas muaj qee yam tsis muaj zog hauv lawv lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov neeg uas muaj teeb meem nrog ib feem ntawm lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob hu ua "Complement."
• Cov neeg noj tshuaj hu ua "complement inhibitors" (piv txwv li "Eculizumab (Soliris®)" thiab "Ravulizumab (Ultomiris™)") siv rau qee yam mob tsis tshua muaj.
• Txoj kev ua neej thiab ib puag ncig:
• Rau cov neeg uas nyob hauv cov chaw uas muaj neeg coob nyob ze ua ke, xws li cov tsev kawm ntawv qib siab thiab cov chaw tub rog. Xav txog seb, thaum muaj ntau tus neeg nyob hauv ib chav, cov kab mob tuaj yeem kis tau yooj yim los ntawm kev hnoos lossis txham, puas yog?
• Cov neeg uas raug tus kab mob thaum muaj kev sib kis.
• Rau cov neeg ua haujlwm nrog cov kab mob no hauv cov chaw soj ntsuam.

Kab mob no feem ntau tshwm sim li cas?

Hauv cov teb chaws zoo li Tebchaws Meskas, tus naj npawb ntawm cov neeg mob no tau maj mam txo qis txij li Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb Zaum Ob. Xyoo 2019, tsuas muaj 371 tus neeg mob tau tshaj tawm nyob ntawd. Txawm li cas los xij, qee zaum muaj kev sib kis me me, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov neeg nyob ze. Cov kws kho mob hauv Sri Lanka kuj tau ua tib zoo saib xyuas tus kab mob no, vim tias nws tuaj yeem kis tau sai. Yog li ntawd, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev uas yuav tsum paub txog cov tsos mob.

Cov cim thiab tsos mob ntawm tus kab mob meningococcal yog dab tsi?

Muaj ntau yam tsos mob ntawm tus kab mob no. Yog tias koj muaj ib qho ntawm cov no, koj yuav tsum mus ntsib kws kho mob tam sim ntawd. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev uas yuav tsum kuaj mob sai sai.

Cov tsos mob tseem ceeb yuav yog:

• Kuv kub taub hau heev .
• Kuv mob taub hau heev .
• Caj dab nruj . Qhov no yog ib qho tsos mob uas feem ntau cuam tshuam nrog tus kab mob meningococcal thiab meningitis. Nws tuaj yeem zoo li koj tsis tuaj yeem khoov koj lub caj dab mus tom ntej, thiab nws tuaj yeem mob thaum koj sim muab koj lub puab tsaig rau ntawm koj lub hauv siab.
• Nws nyuaj rau saib lub teeb ci ntsa iab , thiab ob lub qhov muag zoo li tig xiav. Qhov no kuj hu ua "Photophobia" ("Photophobia")
• Tej zaum yuav xeev siab, ntuav thiab/lossis mob plab thiab raws plab .
• Muaj ib qho pob khaus tshwm sim rau ntawm daim tawv nqaij uas zoo li cov me me liab lossis xim av . Cov no tsis hloov daj thaum nias (cov pob khaus uas tsis dawb). Qee zaum cov no tuaj yeem loj hlob thiab zoo li cov qhov txhab. Qhov no yog ib qho tsos mob tshwj xeeb thiab txaus ntshai heev.

Ntxiv rau qhov no, qee yam ntxwv kuj tseem yuav pom tau:

• Cov zaub mov tsis qab.
• Xav tsis meej pem lossis chim siab.
• Kuv ib txwm xav tias tsaug zog thiab nws nyuaj rau sawv.
• Mob cov leeg thiab pob qij txha.
• Muaj ib lub suab zoo li snoring, groaning.
• Nws nyuaj rau taug kev lossis sawv ntsug.

Cov menyuam mos uas tseem hluas dua yuav qhia cov tsos mob no txawv. Piv txwv li:

• Lawv tsis xav haus mis nyuj thiab lawv ntuav.
• Lub cev yuav tig mus ua qaug zog los yog qaug zog.
• Nkees heev, pheej sim pw tsaug zog, nyuaj rau sawv.
• Quaj nrov nrov (quaj nrov nrov).
• Qhov chaw mos mos saum taub hau (fontanelle) yuav o thiab tawv.

Dab tsi ua rau muaj tus kab mob meningococcal?

Raws li peb tau hais ua ntej lawm, tus kab mob meningococcal yog tshwm sim los ntawm cov kab mob meningococcal. Nws yog ib yam kab mob sib kis tau . Nws kis tau ntawm ib tus neeg mus rau ib tus neeg los ntawm cov kua qaub ncaug (cov kua qaub ncaug/cov kua dej hauv lub cev) . Hais yooj yim xwb, tus kab mob no tuaj yeem kis tau thaum ib tus neeg uas muaj tus kab mob hnoos, txham, lossis nyob ze nrog ib tus neeg uas muaj tus kab mob (piv txwv li, noj mov los ntawm tib lub tais, haus dej los ntawm tib lub khob, hnia, thiab lwm yam).

Tseem Ceeb: Cov kab mob uas ua rau muaj tus kab mob meningococcal yuav tsis muaj sia nyob ntev sab nraum lub cev. Yog li ntawd, nws yuav tsis kis tau los ntawm cov chaw xws li cov rooj thiab cov rooj zaum. Txawm li cas los xij, nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws kom ceev faj nrog cov khoom xws li cov phuam da dej thiab cov ntaub so ntswg uas tus neeg mob tau siv.

Yuav kuaj mob meningococcal li cas?

Kab mob Meningococcal tej zaum yuav nyuaj rau kuaj mob vim tias nws cov tsos mob zoo ib yam li lwm yam kab mob, xws li mob khaub thuas lossis mob ntsws . Yog li ntawd, txhawm rau kom paub meej tias yog kab mob, tus kws kho mob yuav tsum nrhiav cov kab mob Neisseria meningitidis.

Yog li, tus kws kho mob feem ntau ua:

• Yuav muab cov ntshav coj mus kuaj.
• Qee zaum yuav muaj kev tho qhov lumbar puncture (Spinal Tap) . Qhov no suav nrog kev coj me me ntawm cov kua dej nyob ib puag ncig cov hlab ntsha hauv lub paj hlwb (cerebrospinal fluid - CSF) thiab kuaj nws. Qhov no yuav zoo li ntshai me ntsis, tab sis nws tseem ceeb heev rau kev kuaj mob. Qhov no yog vim nws tuaj yeem pom ncaj qha seb puas muaj cov kab mob nyob hauv cov kua dej.

Cov qauv no raug xa mus rau chav kuaj mob kom pom tias cov kab mob puas tuaj yeem loj hlob (kuaj mob). Yog tias cov kab mob loj hlob, tus kab mob tuaj yeem paub tseeb. Yog tias cov kev kuaj no tsis meej, tus kws kho mob yuav xaj kom kuaj ntxiv.

Yuav kho tus kab mob meningococcal li cas?

Kab mob Meningococcal kho tau los ntawm kev siv tshuaj tua kab mob . Yog tias koj tus kws kho mob xav tias koj muaj tus kab mob no, lawv yuav pib noj tshuaj tua kab mob rau koj txawm tias ua ntej lawv tuaj yeem paub tseeb tias koj tau kuaj pom. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev uas yuav tsum pib kho sai li sai tau. Cov tshuaj tua kab mob no feem ntau yog muab los ntawm cov tshuaj tua kab mob hauv cov hlab ntshav, uas tuaj yeem pab koj tau txais cov txiaj ntsig sai.

Ntxiv rau cov tshuaj tua kab mob, tej zaum yuav xav tau lwm yam kev kho mob txhawb nqa nyob ntawm tus neeg mob tus mob. Piv txwv li:

• Yog tias ua pa nyuaj, kev kho mob oxygen yuav raug muab , tej zaum yuav txuas nrog lub tshuab ua pa.
• Yog tias ntshav siab qis, muab tshuaj .
• Kev tswj cov dej hauv lub cev.
• Qee zaum, yog tias daim tawv nqaij puas lawm thiab cov nqaij twb tuag lawm, tej zaum yuav tsum tau phais kom kho tau.

Cov teeb meem cuam tshuam nrog tus kab mob meningococcal

Qhov no yog ib yam kab mob loj heev . Txawm tias kho nrog tshuaj tua kab mob los xij, 10 txog 15 ntawm txhua 100 tus neeg mob yuav tuag . Tsis tas li ntawd, kwv yees li 20% ntawm cov neeg uas rov zoo los ntawm tus kab mob yuav muaj cov teebmeem mus sij hawm ntev . Cov no suav nrog:

• Lag ntseg
• Kev poob ceg, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tias septicemia hnyav zuj zus.
• Kev puas tsuaj rau cov hlab ntsha
• Kev puas tsuaj rau lub raum
• Kev puas tsuaj rau lub hlwb tuaj yeem ua rau muaj mob xws li kev kawm tsis tau zoo, kev nco tsis zoo, thiab qaug dab peg.
• Kev mob ntawm daim tawv nqaij.

Nws yuav siv sijhawm me ntsis kom koj rov zoo tag nrho. Feem ntau cov tshuaj tua kab mob yuav siv sijhawm li 7 txog 10 hnub. Txawm li cas los xij, nws yuav siv sijhawm ntev dua rau koj kom rov zoo tag nrho, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tias koj muaj teeb meem.

Koj yuav ua li cas thiaj li txo tau qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev kis tus kab mob meningococcal?

Muaj ntau yam uas peb ua tau los tiv thaiv peb tus kheej ntawm tus kab mob txaus ntshai no.

1. Tau Txais Kev Txhaj Tshuaj Tiv Thaiv Kab Mob

Hauv cov tebchaws zoo li Tebchaws Meskas, muaj ob hom tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob meningococcal. Hauv Sri Lanka, koj tuaj yeem tau txais kev qhia kho mob txog qhov no. Nws yog qhov zoo tshwj xeeb rau cov neeg nyob hauv cov pab pawg muaj kev pheej hmoo siab (piv txwv li, cov menyuam mos hnub nyoog qis dua ib xyoos, cov tub ntxhais hluas, cov neeg nyob hauv chav pw, thiab cov neeg uas muaj qee yam mob) tham nrog kws kho mob txog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no yuav tsum tau ua thaum mus ncig tebchaws.

2. Noj cov tshuaj tua kab mob tiv thaiv kab mob yog tias xav tau

Yog koj noj cov tshuaj xws li "complement inhibitor" uas peb tau hais ua ntej, koj tus kws kho mob yuav qhia koj kom noj tshuaj tua kab mob kom tiv thaiv kab mob meningococcal thaum koj noj cov tshuaj no. Cov tshuaj "complement inhibitor" no feem ntau yog muab rau cov mob tsis tshua muaj xws li:

• 'Atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome' (Qhov no yog ib qho kab mob ntsig txog ntshav)
• Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (qhov no kuj yog kab mob ntshav)
• Generalized myasthenia gravis (qhov no ua rau cov leeg tsis muaj zog)

Tsis tas li ntawd xwb, yog tias koj nyob nrog ib tus neeg uas muaj tus kab mob meningococcal lossis tau nyob ze nrog lawv (piv txwv li, nyob hauv tib lub tsev, nyob hauv tib chav kawm), koj tus kws kho mob kuj tseem yuav qhia koj kom noj tshuaj tua kab mob ua kev tiv thaiv (tshuaj tua kab mob / chemoprophylaxis) . Qhov no yog los tua cov kab mob yog tias lawv twb nyob hauv koj lub cev lawm, tiv thaiv lawv kom tsis txhob kis tus kab mob, thiab tiv thaiv koj kom tsis txhob kis mus rau lwm tus.

3. Xyaum zam thiab tiv thaiv kev kis kab mob

Feem ntau, nyob deb ntawm cov neeg mob, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov neeg uas kub taub hau lossis hnoos, thaum twg ua tau . Ntxuav koj txhais tes ntau zaus thiab kom huv si nrog xab npum thiab dej., tsawg kawg yog 20 vib nas this. Siv cov tshuaj ntxuav tes uas muaj cawv thaum tsis muaj xab npum thiab dej. Tsis txhob kov koj lub qhov muag, qhov ntswg, thiab qhov ncauj nrog tes tsis tau ntxuav. Npog koj lub qhov ncauj thiab qhov ntswg nrog daim ntaub so ntswg lossis koj lub luj tshib thaum hnoos lossis txham. Txawm hais tias cov no yog cov kev coj ua kev noj qab haus huv uas ib txwm muaj, lawv kuj tuaj yeem pab tiv thaiv koj ntawm cov kab mob txaus ntshai no.

Yog koj kis tus kab mob meningococcal, koj yuav xav tau dab tsi?

Kab mob Meningococcal yog ib yam mob hnyav heev . Nws tuaj yeem ua rau muaj 'Meningococcal Meningitis' lossis 'Meningococcal Septicemia'. Nws tuaj yeem ua rau tuag taus . Yog li ntawd, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum nrhiav kev kho mob sai li sai tau .

Cov tshuaj tua kab mob yuav pib tau ua ntej tus kws kho mob tuaj yeem paub tseeb tias koj muaj tus kab mob meningococcal, vim tias kev kho mob thaum ntxov ua rau muaj feem yuav zoo tag nrho.

Txawm tias kho tau los xij, qee yam teeb meem kuj tseem tuaj yeem tshwm sim. Qhov no tuaj yeem ua rau daim tawv nqaij lossis cov kabmob sab hauv puas tsuaj mus tas li. Lossis, nws tuaj yeem ua rau muaj teeb meem ib ntus, xws li nyuaj rau kev tsom ntsoov.

Qhov tseem ceeb, tsis zoo li lwm yam kab mob, tus kab mob meningococcal tuaj yeem kis tau ntau dua ib zaug hauv koj lub neej. Muaj nws ib zaug tsis muab kev tiv thaiv kab mob rau koj mus ib txhis. Yog tias koj tau muaj nws ntau dua ib zaug, koj tus kws kho mob yuav xav kuaj koj lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob.

Thaum twg koj yuav tsum mus ntsib kws kho mob yog tias koj xav tias koj muaj tus kab mob meningococcal lossis muaj cov tsos mob?

Yog koj muaj cov tsos mob ntawm tus kab mob meningococcal, lossis xav tias koj muaj tus kab mob no, koj yuav tsum mus ntsib kws kho mob tam sim ntawd, tsis txhob ncua sijhawm. Qhov no yuav tsum tau kho raws li qhov xwm txheej ceev.

Yog tias koj muaj kev tsis haum tshuaj rau kev kho mob, lossis yog tias koj xav tias koj cov tsos mob hnyav zuj zus, qhia rau koj tus kws kho mob tam sim ntawd.

Txawm hais tias qee cov tsos mob ntawm tus kab mob meningococcal, xws li kub taub hau thiab mob lub cev, yuav zoo ib yam li lwm yam kab mob uas tsis hnyav heev, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom paub thiab kho tus kab mob sai sai vim tias nws tuaj yeem ua rau mob hnyav sai heev. Yog tias koj lossis koj tus menyuam muaj ib qho ntawm cov tsos mob no, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog caj dab txhav , kub taub hau, thiab tawv nqaij tawm pob , nco ntsoov mus ntsib kws kho mob. Kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob yog ib qho ntawm cov kauj ruam tseem ceeb tshaj plaws los tiv thaiv qhov no.

Cov yam tseem ceeb tshaj plaws uas peb yuav tsum nco ntsoov los ntawm zaj dab neeg no (Cov Lus Qhia Coj Mus Tsev)

Zoo, yog li tam sim no koj nkag siab zoo dua txog yam peb tau tham txog, kab mob meningococcal. Nco ntsoov:

• Kab mob Meningococcal yog ib qho kab mob loj heev, kis tau sai sai uas yog los ntawm cov kab mob bacteria .
• Kub taub hau, mob taub hau heev, caj dab txhav , thiab cov xim liab/ntshav ntawm daim tawv nqaij (tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov xim uas tsis hloov daj thaum nias) yog cov cim ceeb toom tseem ceeb. Yog tias koj pom cov no , nrhiav kev kho mob tam sim ntawd .Lub sijhawm tseem ceeb heev.
• Kev kuaj mob thaum ntxov thiab kev kho mob nrog tshuaj tua kab mob yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev cawm txoj sia thiab txo cov teeb meem mus sij hawm ntev.
• Kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob yog txoj hauv kev zoo tshaj plaws los tiv thaiv koj tus kheej ntawm tus kab mob no, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov neeg uas muaj feem yuav kis tau tus kab mob no. Tham nrog koj tus kws kho mob txog qhov no.
• Kev tu cev huv si (ntxuav tes tsis tu ncua, npog koj lub qhov ncauj thaum hnoos/txhaum) thiab nyob deb ntawm cov neeg mob kuj tseem ceeb heev.
• Es tsis txhob ntshai tus kab mob no, nws yog ib qho kev txawj ntse kom paub txog qhov no thiab ua cov kauj ruam tsim nyog . Yog tias koj lossis ib tug neeg hauv koj tsev neeg muaj lus nug txog qhov no, tsis txhob yig tham nrog kws kho mob.

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