Tej zaum koj twb tau hnov tias tam sim no muaj kev kho mob siab heev, tsom mus rau cov kab mob loj xws li mob qog noj ntshav thiab mob pob qij txha. Yog li, hnub no peb yuav tham txog ib qho kev tshawb pom zoo kawg nkaus hauv kev kho mob uas nyob hauv qhov chaw tseem ceeb ntawm cov kev kho mob siab heev. Ntawd yog "Monoclonal Antibodies". Txawm hais tias lub npe yuav zoo li nyuaj me ntsis, nws txoj haujlwm tuaj yeem nkag siab yooj yim heev.
Hais yooj yim xwb, cov Monoclonal Antibodies no yog dab tsi?
Yuav kom nkag siab qhov no, peb yuav tsum kawm txog cov " antibodies " hauv peb lub cev ua ntej. Cov antibodies yog cov tub rog tshwj xeeb hauv peb lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob. Thaum ib yam dab tsi txawv teb chaws (peb hu ua antigens ) xws li cov kab mob ua rau muaj kab mob lossis cov qog nqaij hlav nkag mus rau hauv peb lub cev, cov antibodies no mus paub tus yeeb ncuab, ntes nws, thiab pib rhuav tshem nws.
Xav txog seb peb puas tuaj yeem tsim cov tub rog txawj ntse no hauv peb lub cev, nrog rau ntau txhiab tus ntxiv, hauv chav kuaj? Qhov ntawd yog cov monoclonal antibodies . Cov no yog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv cuav uas ua nyob rau hauv chav kuaj.
"Mono" txhais tau tias "ib." "Clonal" txhais tau tias "clone." Ntawd yog, cov no yog ntau txhiab daim qauv theej ntawm ib qho tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob. Txhua daim qauv theej zoo ib yam. Lawv tau tsim los tsom thiab tawm tsam tib qho antigen. Yog tias koj saib lub raj mis tshuaj uas koj tus kws kho mob muab rau koj, lub npe ntawm hom tshuaj no xaus nrog cov ntawv "-mab" (piv txwv li Trastuzumab, Adalimumab).
Qhov txawv ntawm Monoclonal thiab Polyclonal Antibodies yog dab tsi?
Qhov txawv no kuj yog nyob rau hauv lub npe. "Mono" txhais tau tias ib tug, thiab "poly" txhais tau tias ntau. Xav txog tias koj tsuas muaj ib hom yeeb ncuab xwb. Cov tshuaj Monoclonal Antibodies ua haujlwm zoo li xa ib tug commando uas tau kawm tshwj xeeb uas tuaj yeem tawm tsam tus yeeb ncuab ntawd xwb.
Nyob rau sab tes tod, Polyclonal Antibodies zoo li ib pab tub rog uas muaj peev xwm sib txawv, muaj peev xwm tawm tsam ntau hom yeeb ncuab. Cov no zoo li cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob uas peb lub cev tsim tawm, ua los ntawm ntau hom tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob, thiab tuaj yeem tawm tsam ntau dua ib hom yeeb ncuab (antigen).
| Tus cwj pwm | Cov Tshuaj Monoclonal Antibodies | Cov Tshuaj Antibody Polyclonal |
|---|---|---|
| Kev tsim khoom | Cov clones los ntawm tib lub cell antibody | Los ntawm ntau yam hlwb antibody |
| Lub Hom Phiaj | Tsuas yog ib qho antigen tshwj xeeb xwb | Muaj peev xwm tawm tsam ntau tus yeeb ncuab sib txawv (antigens) |
| Kev Siv | Rau kev kho mob tshwj xeeb thiab kev kuaj mob tshwj xeeb | Rau cov lus teb tiv thaiv kab mob ib txwm muaj thiab qee qhov kev kuaj mob |
Cov mob twg raug kho nrog txoj kev kho mob no?
Cov tshuaj monoclonal antibodies yog ib qho cuab yeej zoo heev uas siv tau los kho ntau yam kab mob, los ntawm cov khoom siv kuaj cev xeeb tub uas koj siv hauv tsev mus rau cov hom mob qog noj ntshav loj tshaj plaws.
Hauv qab no yog qee yam mob uas txoj kev kho mob no feem ntau siv.
| Pawg kab mob | Piv txwv |
|---|---|
| Mob qog noj ntshav | Mob qog noj ntshav hauv lub mis, mob qog noj ntshav hauv txoj hnyuv loj, mob qog noj ntshav hauv lub ntsws, mob ntshav dawb |
| Kev Mob Hlwb thiab Kev Mob Autoimmune | Mob Pob Qij Txha Rheumatoid, Mob Crohn's, Mob Psoriasis, Mob Allergies |
| Kev kis kab mob | Cov kab mob sib kis xws li COVID-19, RSV |
| Lwm yam xwm txheej | Kab mob pob txha, mob taub hau loj heev, roj cholesterol ntau, qee yam kab mob qhov muag, thiab kev tiv thaiv kev tsis lees txais kev hloov pauv ntawm lub cev |
Kev kho mob no muab li cas?
Feem ntau, cov tshuaj monoclonal antibody no yog muab ua kua rau hauv cov leeg ntshav (tso rau hauv cov hlab ntsha - IV infusion) . Ib yam li muab saline. Qhov no feem ntau ua nyob rau hauv chav tshwj xeeb (chaw infusion) ntawm tsev kho mob lossis chaw kho mob.
Thaum koj tau txais kev kho mob no thawj zaug, cov neeg ua haujlwm kho mob yuav ceev faj heev rau koj. Vim tias qee zaum cov tshuaj no tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev tsis haum tshuaj hnyav, koj yuav raug hais kom coj ib tug neeg hauv tsev neeg tuaj nrog koj thawj zaug.
Kuj muaj qee cov tshuaj monoclonal antibodies uas txhaj rau hauv qab daim tawv nqaij . Yog li ntawd, tus kws tu mob yuav qhia koj txog yuav ua li cas txhaj tshuaj rau koj tus kheej.
Ib qho zoo tshaj plaws ntawm txoj kev kho mob no yog tias nws tsuas yog tsom tau rau cov hlwb uas muaj mob xwb, thiab txo qhov kev puas tsuaj rau cov hlwb noj qab haus huv. Qhov no zoo li nrhiav tau ib tus yeeb ncuab hauv ib qho chaw uas muaj neeg coob coob thiab ntes tau nws yam tsis ua teeb meem rau lwm tus.
Cov txiaj ntsig thiab kev pheej hmoo yog dab tsi?
Ib yam li kev kho mob twg los xij, muaj qee qhov kev pheej hmoo. Tab sis tsis txhob txhawj, koj tus kws kho mob yuav qhia koj txog txhua yam no thiab ua raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua.
- Cov Kev Tshwm Sim Thaum Muab Tshuaj Rau Hauv Qhov Ncauj: Qhov no yog cov kev mob tshwm sim feem ntau. Nws txhais tau tias yog cov kev mob tshwm sim thaum lub sijhawm lossis tom qab muab tshuaj rau hauv lub cev tsis ntev. Cov tsos mob yuav suav nrog tawv nqaij tawm pob, kub taub hau, txias, ua pa nyuaj, tawm hws, thiab hloov pauv ntshav siab. Cov no tuaj yeem tswj tau los ntawm kev qeeb qeeb ntawm kev muab tshuaj rau hauv qhov ncauj thaum lub sijhawm zoo li no.
- Kev ua xua hnyav heev: Cov no tsis tshua muaj, tab sis tuaj yeem ua rau tuag taus. Piv txwv li , anaphylaxis yog kev ua xua sai sai thiab hnyav heev.
- Cytokine Release Syndrome (CRS): Kuj hu ua 'cytokine storm', qhov no yog thaum lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob raug txhawb nqa ntau dhau thiab pib ua puas rau lub cev cov kabmob.
- Lwm yam kev pheej hmoo: Qee qhov kev pheej hmoo nyob ntawm tus kab mob uas tab tom kho. Piv txwv li, kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo ntawm lub raum tuaj yeem tshwm sim vim yog Tumor Lysis Syndrome, uas tuaj yeem tshwm sim thaum lub sijhawm kho mob qog noj ntshav.
Txawm li cas los xij, qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws uas yuav tsum nco ntsoov yog tias kev kho mob no yuav tsum tau muab los ntawm kev saib xyuas ntawm kws kho mob. Yog li ntawd, yog tias muaj cov tsos mob txawv txawv tshwm sim, cov neeg ua haujlwm kho mob yuav tsum tau qhia tam sim ntawd.
Tom qab kho mob tas lawm, muaj dab tsi tshwm sim?
Lub sijhawm uas cov tshuaj siv rau hauv koj lub cev (lub sijhawm txhaj tshuaj) txawv. Tej zaum yuav siv sijhawm li ib teev, thiab tom qab ntawd koj yuav raug saib xyuas rau lwm teev.
Tom qab kho mob tas, yog tias koj tsis nkees los yog tsis xis nyob, koj yuav mus ua haujlwm tau li qub. Txawm li cas los xij, txhua yam no yuav tsum tau txiav txim siab los ntawm kev tham nrog koj tus kws kho mob, uas paub koj tus mob thiab kev noj qab haus huv zoo tshaj plaws.
Yog tias koj tau txais kev kho mob monoclonal antibody, nws yog koj txoj cai los nug koj tus kws kho mob txog cov lus nug, kev txhawj xeeb, lossis kev tsis ntseeg uas koj muaj txog nws.
Cov Lus Qhia Txog Kev Coj Mus Tsev
- Cov tshuaj monoclonal yog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob cuav uas tsim nyob rau hauv chav kuaj mob. Lawv pab peb lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob.
- Vim tias cov no yog tsom rau cov neeg mob, lawv yuav muaj tsawg dua cov kev mob tshwm sim dua li cov kev kho mob ib txwm muaj.
- Cov no yog siv los kho ntau yam kab mob, suav nrog mob qog noj ntshav, mob pob qij txha, mob taub hau loj heev, thiab COVID-19.
- Cov tshuaj no feem ntau muab ua cov tshuaj saline rau hauv cov leeg ntshav. Cov kev tsis haum tshuaj (infusion reactions) feem ntau tshwm sim thaum lub sijhawm no, tab sis yog tias koj muaj cov tsos mob hnyav, hu rau koj tus kws kho mob lossis Chav Kho Mob Thaum Muaj Xwm Ceev (ETU) tam sim ntawd.
- Nrog koj tus kws kho mob tham tas li kom paub seb qhov kev kho mob no puas yog rau koj thiab kom paub ntau ntxiv.
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Tsis muaj lus teb tau muab tso tawm. Ntxiv koj cov lus tawm ntawm no thawj zaug.
Ntxiv koj cov lus