Koj puas muaj ib lub qog hauv koj lub caj dab? Cia peb tham txog Papillary Thyroid Cancer (PTC)!

Koj puas tau pom ib lub pob me me hauv koj lub caj dab? Los yog puas tau muaj ib tug kws kho mob hais rau koj thaum koj mus kuaj mob? Qee zaum ib lub pob me me zoo li no yog thawj qhov cim qhia tias muaj mob hu ua Papillary Thyroid Cancer (PTC). Tsis txhob txhawj, peb yuav tham txog nws kom meej thiab yooj yim xwb.

Kab mob qog nqaij hlav papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) yog dab tsi? Cov qog thyroid yog dab tsi?

Hais yooj yim xwb, mob qog nqaij hlav papillary thyroid (PTC) yog ib hom mob qog nqaij hlav uas tshwm sim hauv peb lub qog thyroid. Nws pib hauv cov hlwb follicular ntawm lub qog thyroid. Cov hlwb no tsim cov protein hu ua thyroglobulin . Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws uas yuav tsum paub yog tias PTC yog hom mob qog nqaij hlav thyroid uas tshwm sim ntau tshaj plaws .

Tam sim no cia peb saib seb lub qog thyroid yog dab tsi. Xav txog nws, nyob rau pem hauv ntej ntawm koj lub caj dab, hauv qab daim tawv nqaij, ib lub cev me me zoo li npauj npaim. Ntawd yog lub qog thyroid. Qhov no yog ib feem ntawm peb lub cev endocrine . Nws txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb yog tsim thiab tso tawm cov tshuaj hormones uas tswj ntau yam haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv peb lub cev.

Thaum nws los txog rau PTC, nws feem ntau yog ib qho mob qog nqaij hlav uas loj hlob qeeb heev . Tsis tas li ntawd, nws feem ntau tsuas yog tshwm sim rau ib sab (lobe) ntawm lub qog thyroid xwb.

Puas muaj cov subtypes sib txawv ntawm 'PTC'?

Yog, muaj ntau hom kab mob "PTC" (subtypes). Ntawm cov no, hom kab mob follicular yog hom kab mob uas feem ntau pom. Qee zaum nws hu ua "mixed papillary-follicular variant". Lwm hom kab mob tsis tshua muaj. Txawm li cas los xij, lawv tuaj yeem loj hlob thiab kis tau sai dua me ntsis . Cov hom kab mob no yog:

• `Kab ntawv`
• `Lub cell siab`
• `Nyob deb nroog`
• Kab mob sclerosis sib kis

Qee zaum 'PTC' kuj hu ua 'papillary thyroid carcinoma' .

Leej twg thiaj muaj mob qog nqaij hlav thyroid papillary?

Tseeb tiag, PTC tuaj yeem tshwm sim rau txhua tus neeg. Txawm li cas los xij, nws feem ntau tshwm sim rau cov neeg laus hnub nyoog nruab nrab . Tsis tas li ntawd, cov poj niam muaj feem yuav muaj tus mob no ntau dua li cov txiv neej.

PTC yog ib yam mob tsis tshua muaj rau cov menyuam yaus. Txawm li cas los xij, nws yog hom mob qog nqaij hlav thyroid uas feem ntau tshwm sim rau cov menyuam yaus.

Qhov 'PTC' no muaj pes tsawg zaus?

Kab mob qog nqaij hlav thyroid yog ib yam mob uas pom ntau heev. Txawm li cas los xij, raws li peb tau hais ua ntej lawm, 80% txog 85% ntawm cov neeg mob yog hom PTC. Qhov ntawd txhais tau tias kwv yees li yim ntawm kaum tus neeg uas muaj mob qog nqaij hlav thyroid muaj hom no.

Puas yog 'PTC' yog ib qho mob hnyav heev?

Txawm yog mob qog noj ntshav hom twg los yeej mob hnyav heev. Nws yuav tsum tau kev kho mob thiab nws tuaj yeem kis mus rau lwm qhov ntawm lub cev. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov kev kwv yees rau PTC zoo heev piv rau lwm hom mob qog noj ntshav hauv thyroid.

Feem ntau, PTC kho tau zoo. Nws kuj tsis tshua muaj neeg tuag. Yog li ntawd, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom tsis txhob ntshai thiab ua raws li cov lus qhia kho mob kom raug.

'PTC' kis mus rau qhov twg ua ntej?

Yog tias PTC kis mus rau lwm qhov, feem ntau nws yuav kis mus rau cov qog ntshav hauv caj dab ua ntej . Cov qog ntshav no yog cov qauv me me zoo li taum uas yog ib feem ntawm peb lub cev cov qog ntshav thiab lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob.

'PTC' nthuav dav mus deb npaum li cas?

Txawm hais tias PTC loj hlob qeeb qeeb los, nws feem ntau tuaj yeem kis mus rau cov qog ntshav hauv caj dab. Kwv yees li ntawm 30% ntawm cov neeg uas muaj PTC yuav tau kis mus rau lwm qhov chaw (metastatic papillary thyroid cancer) thaum lub sijhawm kuaj mob .

Cov tsos mob ntawm 'PTC' yog dab tsi?

Feem ntau, lub cim tseem ceeb ntawm PTC yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm ib lub qog tsis mob hauv cov qog thyroid . Lwm cov tsos mob kuj tseem yuav tsis muaj.

Txawm li cas los xij, tsis tshua muaj neeg yuav mob caj dab, lub puab tsaig, lossis pob ntseg . Yog tias lub qog loj txaus los nias rau peb lub raj cua lossis txoj hlab pas, nws tuaj yeem ua rau ua pa nyuaj lossis nqos .

Tseem Ceeb: Yog tias koj pom ib lub qog tshiab hauv koj lub caj dab, txawm tias nws tsis mob los xij, koj yuav tsum mus ntsib kws kho mob. Thaum koj paub qhov mob sai npaum li cas, kev kho mob yuav zoo dua.

Dab tsi yog cov ua rau muaj 'PTC'?

Cov kws tshawb fawb tseem tsis tau paub meej tias yog vim li cas PTC thiaj tshwm sim , tab sis lawv tau txheeb xyuas ntau yam uas ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev mob, suav nrog kev raug hluav taws xob thiab qee yam mob caj ces .

Kev raug hluav taws xob thiab 'PTC'

Cov neeg uas tau raug hluav taws xob ntau heev hauv lawv keeb kwm muaj feem yuav mob PTC ntau dua. Cov kev uas hluav taws xob no tuaj yeem raug tau yog:

• Kev kho mob hluav taws xob sab nraud ntau zaus yog muab rau lub caj dab los kho mob qog noj ntshav lossis lwm yam mob uas tsis yog qog noj ntshav, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum yau.
• Kev raug hluav taws xob los ntawm qhov xwm txheej ntawm lub chaw tsim hluav taws xob nuclear. Piv txwv li, tom qab qhov xwm txheej ntawm Chernobyl nuclear hauv xyoo 1986, tus naj npawb ntawm cov neeg mob PTC hauv thaj chaw ib puag ncig tau nce ntxiv los ntawm 3 npaug mus rau 75 npaug.

Cov mob caj ces thiab 'PTC'

Muaj ntau yam mob caj ces (uas tau txais los ntawm noob caj ces) uas cuam tshuam nrog PTC:

• Tsev Neeg Adenomatous Polyposis (FAP / Gardner syndrome): Qhov no yog ib qho mob tsis tshua muaj, uas tau txais los ntawm noob caj noob ces. Nws ua rau ib tus neeg muaj ntau cov polyps hauv lawv txoj hnyuv loj thiab lub qhov quav, uas tuaj yeem ua rau mob qog noj ntshav. Cov neeg uas muaj FAP kuj muaj feem yuav mob qog noj ntshav hauv lwm qhov ntawm lub cev, suav nrog lub qog thyroid. Qhov mob no yog tshwm sim los ntawm kev hloov pauv uas tau txais los ntawm noob caj noob ces hauv APC gene.
• Werner syndrome : Qhov no kuj yog ib qho mob tsis tshua muaj. Nws qhia txog cov cim qhia tias laus sai sai (progeria). Cov neeg uas muaj Werner syndrome muaj feem yuav mob qog noj ntshav ntau dua. Hom mob qog noj ntshav feem ntau yog mob qog noj ntshav hauv thyroid. Ntau tshaj 80 qhov kev hloov pauv sib txawv hauv WRN gene tau pom muaj nyob rau hauv cov neeg uas muaj mob no.
• Carney complex hom 1 : Qhov mob no kuj ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev mob qog nqaij hlav ntau hom, suav nrog cov qog nqaij hlav thyroid. Nws feem ntau yog tshwm sim los ntawm kev hloov pauv hauv PRKAR1A gene.

Txawm li cas los xij, yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias tsuas yog 5% ntawm cov neeg mob PTC xwb thiaj li muaj feem cuam tshuam nrog cov mob caj ces zoo li no.

Yuav ua li cas thiaj paub txog 'PTC'?

Feem ntau, PTC tshwm sim ua ib lub qog hauv cov qog thyroid. Tej zaum koj yuav tau hnov ​​​​​​nws koj tus kheej, lossis tus kws kho mob yuav pom nws thaum lub sijhawm kuaj caj dab. Qee zaum, lub qog pom tau los ntawm kev ua yuam kev thaum lub sijhawm scan rau lwm yam mob.

Koj tus kws kho mob yuav xaj cov kev kuaj mob hauv qab no los kuaj mob PTC:

• Kev kuaj duab : Cov kev kuaj no tuaj yeem pab txheeb xyuas qhov mob qog nqaij hlav. Piv txwv li, kev siv tshuab ultrasound ntawm qog nqaij hlav , CT scan , thiab/lossis MRI scan yuav ua tau.
• Kev siv koob txhaj me me (kev kuaj mob los ntawm koob ): Tus kws kho mob feem ntau yuav siv rab koob nyias heev los rho ib qho qauv me me ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg (kev kuaj mob los ntawm koj lub qog thyroid). Tus kws kho mob yuav saib cov ntaub so ntswg hauv qab lub tshuab microscope kom pom tias puas muaj cov hlwb qog thiab, yog tias muaj, nws yog hom mob qog thyroid twg.

Qee zaum, koj tus kws kho mob yuav xa koj mus rau kev sab laj txog caj ces kom pom tias koj puas muaj mob caj ces uas ua rau muaj PTC, nrog rau lwm hom qog nqaij hlav.

Yuav kho PTC li cas?

Kev kho mob rau PTC nyob ntawm seb qhov loj ntawm lub qog thiab seb tus mob qog puas tau kis mus rau lwm qhov.

Kev phais yog qhov kev kho mob tseem ceeb thiab feem ntau rau PTC.Nyob ntawm seb qhov loj thiab qhov chaw ntawm lub qog, koj tus kws phais yuav tshem tawm ib feem ntawm lub qog thyroid (lobectomy) lossis tag nrho lub qog (thyroidectomy). Yog tias tus mob qog noj ntshav nyob hauv cov qog thyroid, tus kws phais yuav tshem tawm cov qog uas cuam tshuam tib lub sijhawm uas phais lub qog thyroid lossis hauv kev phais zaum ob.

Tseem Ceeb: Yog tias koj cov qog thyroid tag nrho raug tshem tawm (tag nrho cov thyroidectomy), koj yuav tsum tau noj cov tshuaj hormones thyroid rau tas koj lub neej .

Cov kev kho mob ntxiv rau PTC yog:

• Kev Kho Mob Radioiodine : Cov hlwb thyroid thiab cov hlwb PTC nqus cov mineral iodine (pom muaj nyob rau hauv qee yam khoom noj). Vim li no, cov kws kho mob qee zaum siv cov tshuaj iodine radioactive los rhuav tshem cov ntaub so ntswg thyroid ib txwm uas tseem tshuav tom qab tshem cov qog thyroid, nrog rau cov ntaub so ntswg mob qog nqaij hlav thyroid uas tseem tshuav.
• Kev Kho Mob Hluav Taws Xob : Kev kho mob hluav taws xob tua cov hlwb qog nqaij hlav thiab tiv thaiv lawv kom tsis txhob loj hlob. Hauv kev kho mob hluav taws xob sab nraud, lub tshuab xa cov zog muaj zog ncaj qha mus rau ntawm lub qog. Hauv kev kho mob hluav taws xob sab hauv, cov noob hluav taws xob raug muab tso rau hauv lossis nyob ib puag ncig lub qog.
• Kev Kho Mob Siv Tshuaj Kho Mob : Cov tshuaj kho mob siv tshuaj kho mob uas muab rau hauv cov hlab ntsha (IV) lossis noj (noj) tua cov hlwb qog noj ntshav thiab tiv thaiv kom tsis txhob loj hlob ntawm cov hlwb qog noj ntshav. Txawm li cas los xij, tsuas yog ib feem pua ​​me me ntawm cov neeg uas muaj mob qog noj ntshav hauv thyroid xav tau kev kho mob siv tshuaj kho mob.

Cov kev mob tshwm sim thiab cov teeb meem ntawm kev kho mob 'PTC' yog dab tsi?

Tej zaum yuav muaj teeb meem ntawm kev phais tshem cov thyroid tawm thiab kev kho mob radioiodine yog hypothyroidism mus tas li. Yog li ntawd, yog tias koj muaj ib qho lossis ob qho kev kho mob no, koj yuav tsum noj cov tshuaj thyroid hormone rau tas koj lub neej.

Muaj ntau yam teeb meem uas tuaj yeem tshwm sim thaum lub sijhawm phais mob thyroid:

• Kev kis kab mob.
• Kev raug tshem tawm tsis tau npaj tseg lossis kev puas tsuaj rau cov qog parathyroid , uas tswj cov calcium hauv koj cov ntshav.
• Kev puas tsuaj rau cov hlab ntsha laryngeal uas rov qab los, uas khiav tom qab lub qog thyroid. Qhov no tuaj yeem ua rau lub suab qis thiab tsis muaj zog.

Tej zaum yuav muaj cov kev mob tshwm sim ntawm kev kho mob iodine uas muaj cov tshuaj radioactive:

• Xeev siab thiab ntuav.
• Sialadenitis - o ntawm cov qaub ncaug.
• Kev mob thyrotoxicosis ib ntus.
• Pulmonary fibrosis yog ib yam kab mob uas ua rau cov nqaij ntshiv ntawm lub ntsws caws pliav.
• Kev tsis muaj menyuam ib ntus lossis mus tas li.
• Kab mob ntshav dawb (leukemia)Muaj feem me me ntawm kev mob ntshav dawb (leukemia), mob qog nqaij hlav mis, lossis mob qog nqaij hlav zis.

Puas tiv thaiv tau 'PTC'?

Muaj coob tus neeg uas muaj mob qog noj ntshav hauv lub qog thyroid tsis muaj tej yam tshwj xeeb uas ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo. Yog li ntawd, feem ntau cov neeg mob PTC tsis tuaj yeem tiv thaiv tau.

Kev raug hluav taws xob, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum yau, yog ib qho ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm PTC. Vim li no, cov kws kho mob tsis siv hluav taws xob rau cov mob uas tsis hnyav heev lawm. Cov menyuam yaus kuj raug hluav taws xob los ntawm kev kuaj duab xws li X-rays thiab CT scans, tab sis siv tsawg dua. Tsis paub meej tias lawv ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm PTC ntau npaum li cas.

Yog tias ib tug neeg hauv koj tsev neeg tau muaj mob qog noj ntshav hauv lub qog thyroid, tej zaum koj yuav xav tau kev pab tswv yim txog caj ces. Qhov no yuav pab txiav txim siab seb koj puas muaj mob caj ces uas ua rau koj muaj feem yuav mob PTC ntau dua. Yog tias koj ua li ntawd, koj tus kws kho mob yuav pom zoo kom phais mob kom tshem koj lub qog thyroid ua ntej mob qog noj ntshav tshwm sim.

Yuav ua li cas thiaj paub tias PTC yuav muaj teeb meem?

Feem ntau, qhov kev kwv yees rau PTC zoo heev , tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tias koj hnub nyoog qis dua 40 xyoo thiab qhov mob me me. PTC feem ntau tuaj yeem kho tau zoo. Txawm tias nws tau kis mus rau cov qog ntshav hauv caj dab, nws tsis tshua muaj neeg tuag taus.

Cov yam uas ua rau kom tus nqi rov zoo dua muaj xws li:

• Muaj hnub nyoog tshaj 55 xyoo thaum kuaj pom tias muaj tus kab mob.
• Lub qog loj zuj zus .
• Tus mob qog noj ntshav tau kis mus rau cov chaw deb ntawm lub cev .
• Muaj ib hom kab mob hu ua "PTC" uas tsis tshua muaj thiab tawv heev (piv txwv li, "tall cell variant", "diffuse sclerosis variant", "solid variant").

Koj puas muaj peev xwm dim ntawm 'PTC'?

Tus nqi ciaj sia rau PTC yog siab heev . Ntau tshaj 90% ntawm cov neeg laus uas muaj PTC nyob tsawg kawg yog 10 txog 20 xyoo tom qab kev kho mob.

Thaum twg kuv yuav tsum mus ntsib kws kho mob txog 'PTC'?

Yog koj raug kuaj pom tias muaj tus kab mob PTC, koj yuav tsum tau ntsib nrog koj pab neeg kho mob tsis tu ncua los saib xyuas koj txoj kev kho mob. Koj kuj tseem yuav tsum tau mus ntsib kws kho mob ntev txhua 6 txog 12 lub hlis rau tsawg kawg yog tsib xyoos los xyuas seb puas rov qab muaj dua.

Yog tias koj lub qog thyroid raug tshem tawm thiab/lossis kev kho mob radioactive iodine tau muab ua ib feem ntawm koj txoj kev kho mob, koj yuav tsum tau noj cov tshuaj thyroid hormone rau tas koj lub neej . Tus kws kho mob yuav saib xyuas koj cov qib thyroid hormone thoob plaws koj lub neej kom paub tseeb tias koj cov tshuaj noj yog rau koj.

Txawm yog kuaj pom tias muaj mob qog noj ntshav, txawm yog hom twg los xij, yeej ua rau koj xav tsis thoob. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov xov xwm zoo yog tias qhov kev kwv yees rau PTC feem ntau zoo heev. Koj pab neeg kho mob yuav ua haujlwm nrog koj los txiav txim siab txoj kev kho mob zoo tshaj plaws rau koj.

## Tej yam tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum nco ntsoov (Cov Lus Qhia Coj Mus Tsev)

Zoo, yog li, los ntawm qhov peb tau tham txog, cov no yog cov yam tseem ceeb tshaj plaws uas koj yuav tsum nco ntsoov:

• Kab mob qog nqaij hlav papillary thyroid (PTC) yog hom kab mob qog nqaij hlav thyroid uas pom ntau tshaj plaws thiab muaj qhov kwv yees zoo tshaj plaws.
• Lub cim tseem ceeb yog ib lub pob me me uas tsis mob hauv caj dab. Yog tias koj pom ib yam dab tsi zoo li ntawd, mus ntsib kws kho mob.
• Kev phais yog txoj kev kho mob tseem ceeb. Tej zaum yuav tsum tau siv tshuaj radioactive iodine kho .
• Yog tias koj lub qog thyroid raug tshem tawm tag nrho, koj yuav tsum tau noj cov tshuaj hormones thyroid rau tas koj lub neej .
• Yog tias pom tus mob no thaum ntxov, ces kev kho mob yuav zoo dua. Yog li ntawd, kev mus kuaj mob tsis tu ncua thiab ua raws li cov lus qhia yog qhov tseem ceeb heev.
• Tsis txhob ntshai. Koj tsis nyob ib leeg xwb. Muaj cov kws kho mob, tsev neeg, thiab cov phooj ywg los pab koj.

Vam tias cov ntaub ntawv no yuav pab tau koj. Yog koj muaj lus nug dab tsi, tsis txhob yig nug koj tus kws kho mob. Nyob kom noj qab nyob zoo!

` Mob qog nqaij hlav thyroid, mob qog nqaij hlav papillary thyroid, PTC, cov qog caj dab, phais mob thyroid, kev kho mob hluav taws xob, kev kho tshuaj hormones