Koj cov ntshav yog hom twg? Cia peb kawm seb cov ntshav no yog hom twg.

Niaj hnub no peb yuav tham txog ib qho tseem ceeb heev. Qhov ntawd yog hom ntshav. Tej zaum koj twb tau hnov ​​txog tej yam zoo li 'A positive' thiab 'O negative'. Tab sis cov hom ntshav no yog dab tsi tiag? Vim li cas lawv thiaj tseem ceeb thaum nws los txog rau kev pub ntshav rau peb? Cia peb tham txog txhua yam no hauv txoj kev yooj yim uas koj tuaj yeem nkag siab.

Dab tsi tiag tiag nyob hauv peb cov ntshav?

Xav txog nws, cov kua liab no uas ntws hauv peb lub cev, ntshav, tsis yog dej xwb. Nws muaj ntau yam zoo kawg thiab tseem ceeb nyob hauv. Hais yooj yim xwb, peb cov ntshav muaj plaub yam tseem ceeb:

• Cov qe ntshav liab: Cov no yog cov uas nqa cov pa oxygen thoob plaws peb lub cev, zoo li kev pabcuam xa khoom noj.
• Cov qe ntshav dawb: Cov no zoo li tub ceev xwm hauv peb lub cev. Cov qe ntshav dawb no tawm tsam cov kab mob uas ua rau muaj kab mob .
• Cov ntshav platelets: Cov no yog cov ntshav platelets uas pab kom tsis txhob los ntshav thaum koj raug mob. Lawv sib sau ua ke thiab ua cov ntshav txhaws.
• Plasma: Qhov no yog cov kua ntawm cov ntshav. Cov qe ntshav liab, cov qe ntshav dawb, thiab cov platelets uas tau hais ua ntej lawm puav leej ntab hauv cov kua no hu ua plasma.

Qhov xav tsis thoob yog, tsis yog txhua tus neeg cov ntshav zoo ib yam. Muaj qhov sib txawv me me. Cov kev sib txawv ntawd yog qhov peb hu ua hom ntshav.

Yog li cov ntshav no yog dab tsi?

Kev ntaus ntshav, uas yog, kev paub koj hom ntshav yog dab tsi, yog qhov tseem ceeb heev. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tias koj yuav tsum muab ntshav rau ib tus neeg, qhov no yuav pab koj ua nws kom muaj kev nyab xeeb thiab tsis muaj qhov yuam kev. Peb muaj cov qe ntshav liab, thiab nyob rau sab saum toj, uas yog, saum npoo, muaj cov cim me me. Hauv kev kho mob, peb hu cov cim no ' antigens ' . Cov no yog cov protein thiab qab zib hauv peb lub cev. Peb lub cev siv cov cim no los lees paub 'qhov no yog kuv cov qe ntshav'. Muaj ob lub tshuab ntaus ntshav tseem ceeb. Lawv yog lub kaw lus ABO thiab lub kaw lus Rh .

Hom ntshav ABO yog dab tsi?

Muaj plaub hom ntshav tseem ceeb raws li ABO system. Cia peb saib seb lawv yog dab tsi:

• Hom A: Hom ntshav no muaj cov antigen hu ua 'A'.
• Hom B: Hom ntshav no muaj cov antigen hu ua 'B'.
• Hom AB: Raws li lub npe qhia, hom ntshav no muaj ob qho tib si 'A' thiab 'B' antigens.
• Hom O: Hom ntshav no tsis muaj cov antigens 'A' lossis 'B' uas tau hais ua ntej.

Yog li ntawd, qhov no yog dab tsi Rh factor?

Ntxiv rau lub cev ABO, cov ntshav kuj raug cais ua 'Rh positive' (txhais tau tias nws muaj Rh factor) lossis 'Rh negative' (txhais tau tias nws tsis muaj Rh factor). Rh yog lwm cov protein tshwj xeeb uas pom tau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm cov qe ntshav liab, uas yog lwm yam "Antigen". Yog li, thaum ob lub cev no hu ua ABO thiab Rh raug muab ua ke, peb tau txais 8 hom ntshav tseem ceeb. Cia peb saib seb lawv yog dab tsi:

• O tsis zoo:Cov ntshav hom no tsis muaj cov cim A lossis B, thiab tsis muaj Rh factor.
• O positive: Hom ntshav no tsis muaj cov cim A lossis B, tab sis muaj Rh factor. O positive yog hom ntshav uas pom ntau heev hauv Sri Lanka (lwm hom ntshav uas pom ntau yog A positive).
• Ib qho tsis zoo: Hom ntshav no tsuas muaj tus cim A xwb, tsis muaj Rh factor.
• A zoo: Hom ntshav no muaj ob qho cim A thiab Rh factor, tab sis tsis muaj cim B. Qhov no kuj yog hom ntshav uas pom ntau heev, zoo li O zoo.
• B tsis zoo: Hom ntshav no tsuas muaj tus cim B xwb, tsis muaj Rh factor.
• B zoo: Hom ntshav no muaj ob qho tib si B marker thiab Rh factor, tab sis tsis muaj A marker.
• AB tsis zoo: Hom ntshav no muaj ob qho cim A thiab B, tab sis tsis muaj Rh factor.
• AB zoo: Hom ntshav no muaj tag nrho peb yam cim qhia saum toj no - uas yog, A, B, thiab Rh factor.

Tam sim no tej zaum koj yuav xav tias, 'Auj, kuv cov ntshav puas zoo dua li nws cov ntshav, lossis kuv cov ntshav puas qaug zog dua?' Tsis muaj ib yam zoo li ntawd! Muaj lossis poob ib qho ntawm cov antigens no tsis ua rau ib tus neeg cov ntshav noj qab haus huv lossis qaug zog dua. Nws zoo li muaj qhov muag ntsuab es tsis yog xiav, lossis muaj plaub hau curly es tsis yog ncaj, uas tsuas yog qhov sib txawv me me ntawm cov noob caj noob ces. Yog li ntawd, tsis txhob txhawj txog nws.

Vim li cas nws thiaj li tseem ceeb heev uas yuav tsum paub txog cov hom ntshav no?

Zoo, tam sim no cia peb saib seb vim li cas nws thiaj li tseem ceeb heev kom paub txog cov hom ntshav no, kom phim lawv. Peb muaj lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob ntse heev thiab zoo kawg nkaus hauv peb lub cev. Peb hu nws ua lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob . Nws zoo li ib pab tub rog uas tiv thaiv ib lub tebchaws. Lub cev no muaj peev xwm zoo kawg nkaus los saib cov khoom uas nkag mus rau hauv peb lub cev thiab lees paub lawv tias 'oh, qhov no yog kuv lub cev' (tus kheej) lossis 'qhov no yog neeg txawv teb chaws' (tsis yog tus kheej). Thaum koj muab ntshav rau ib tus neeg, uas yog, thaum cov kws kho mob hloov ntshav, lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob ntawm tus neeg uas tau txais cov ntshav ntawd yuav tsum lees paub cov qe ntshav tshiab thiab hais tias 'oh, cov no yog kuv hom, lawv haum rau kuv'. Yog tias nws tsis lees paub qhov sib phim zoo li no, uas yog, yog tias ob hom ntshav tsis 'sib phim', cov qe ntshav tshiab raug tsis lees paub. Hais yooj yim, lawv tawm tsam thiab rhuav tshem cov qe ntshav ntawd. Peb lub cev tiv thaiv ntse ua ib hom protein tshwj xeeb, peb hu lawv tias 'antibodies' . Cov no zoo li cov tub ceev xwm. Yog tias cov qe ntshav txawv teb chaws, tsis sib xws nkag mus rau hauv lub cev, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob no tam sim ntawd ua haujlwm thiab pib ua haujlwm tawm tsam cov qe ntshav txawv teb chaws ntawd. Nyob ntawm seb ib tug neeg muaj hom ntshav li cas, lawv lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv uas tuaj yeem tawm tsam lwm hom ntshav uas tsis sib xws.

Yog koj muab hom ntshav tsis raug, yuav ua li cas?Thaum ntawd qhov teeb meem tshwm sim. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob ntawd pib ua haujlwm tam sim ntawd thiab rhuav tshem cov qe ntshav tshiab, tsis sib xws uas tau nkag mus rau hauv lub cev. Qhov no tuaj yeem yog qhov kev tsis haum loj heev uas cuam tshuam rau tag nrho lub cev (Kev Hloov Ntshav). Tej zaum yuav muaj tej yam xws li kub taub hau, mob khaub thuas, thiab ntshav siab poob qis tam sim ntawd. Hauv qee kis mob hnyav, txawm tias cov kab mob tseem ceeb xws li lub cev ua pa (ua pa) thiab raum kuj yuav tsis ua haujlwm. Yog vim li cas kev sib phim cov hom ntshav kom raug thaum pub ntshav yog ib qho teeb meem ntawm txoj sia thiab kev tuag.

Cia peb los saib seb cov hom ntshav thiab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob ua haujlwm li cas.

Yuav piav qhia ntxiv me ntsis, cia peb siv ib qho piv txwv. Xav txog nws li no:

• Xav txog koj cov ntshav hom A. Vim koj cov ntshav muaj cov antigen A, koj lub cev tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob B. Tom qab ntawd, yog tias cov ntshav uas muaj cov antigen B (uas yog, hom B lossis hom AB) nkag mus rau hauv koj lub cev, koj lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob hom A yuav siv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob B no los tawm tsam cov qe ntshav tshiab. Qhov no txhais tau tias koj tsuas tuaj yeem tau txais ntshav los ntawm ib tus neeg uas yog hom A lossis hom O. Koj tsis tuaj yeem tau txais ntshav los ntawm ib tus neeg uas yog hom B lossis AB.

• Ib yam li ntawd, yog tias koj muaj B antigen hauv koj cov ntshav (txhais tau tias koj cov ntshav hom yog B ), koj lub cev yuav tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob A. Ces koj tsuas tuaj yeem tau txais ntshav los ntawm ib tus neeg uas muaj hom B lossis hom O. Koj tsis tuaj yeem tau txais ntshav los ntawm ib tus neeg uas muaj hom A lossis AB.

Qhov no cuam tshuam li cas rau cov neeg uas muaj hom ntshav AB thiab O?

Zaj dab neeg no txawv me ntsis rau cov neeg uas muaj hom ntshav AB thiab hom ntshav O.

• Tam sim no xav txog tias yog tias koj muaj ob qho tib si A thiab B antigens nyob rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm koj cov qe ntshav liab (uas yog, yog tias koj hom ntshav yog AB ), koj lub cev tsis tas yuav tawm tsam ib qho ntawm cov antigens A lossis B. Vim tias ob qho tib si ntawm cov antigens ntawd paub koj lub cev, hais tias, 'Cov no yog kuv li.' Qhov ntawd txhais tau tias ib tus neeg uas muaj hom ntshav AB tuaj yeem tau txais ntshav los ntawm txhua hom ntshav, A, B, AB, lossis O. Tshwj xeeb, cov neeg uas muaj hom ntshav AB zoo hu ua 'universal recipients' lossis ' universal recipients .'

• Tiam sis, yog koj hom ntshav yog O , koj cov qe ntshav liab tsis muaj cov A lossis B antigens. Tom qab ntawd yuav ua li cas?
• Koj lub cev tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob A thiab B. Qhov no ua rau koj lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob tawm tsam cov ntshav hom A, B, thiab AB. Qhov no txhais tau tias ib tus neeg uas muaj ntshav hom O tsuas yog tuaj yeem tau txais cov ntshav hom O xwb.
• Tiam sis muaj ib yam tseem ceeb thiab tshwj xeeb heev ntawm no. Muaj ib hom ntshav hu ua O negative, uas tuaj yeem muab rau leej twg los tau! Vim tias nws tsis muaj cov antigens (antigens) xws li A, B, lossis Rh. Yog li ntawd, tsis muaj leej twg lub cev yuav teb rau nws. Yog vim li cas hom ntshav O negative thiaj li hu ua 'universal donor' lossis tus universal donor.Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum muaj xwm txheej ceev, thaum tsis tuaj yeem txiav txim siab hom ntshav sai, feem ntau siv cov ntshav O negative.

Kev pub ntshav tuaj yeem cawm tau ntau tus neeg txoj sia!

Koj puas paub tias ib qho tseem ceeb tshaj plaws thiab tsis tuaj yeem ua tau uas ua hauv tsev kho mob thiab pab cawm ntau tus neeg txoj sia yog kev pub ntshav, uas yog, kev hloov ntshav. Koj yuav xav tsis thoob yog tias koj raug qhia tias qhov twg hauv ntiaj teb no, ib tug neeg xav tau ntshav txhua 2 vib nas this . Cov neeg uas muaj kab mob ntev xws li cov neeg mob qog noj ntshav, hauv kev phais mob, hauv kev sib tsoo, xav tau ntshav li no. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog tias ntshav tsis yog ib yam dab tsi uas tuaj yeem ua tau los ntawm kev dag, uas yog, hauv chav kuaj. Nws tsuas yog los ntawm lwm tus neeg noj qab haus huv, ua haujlwm pub dawb xwb. Yog vim li cas cov neeg uas pub ntshav yeej ib txwm xav tau.

Koj puas paub tias tsuas yog ib zaug pub ntshav xwb yuav cawm tau peb txoj sia? Yog lawm, qhov ntawd yog qhov tseeb. Yog vim li cas kev pub ntshav yog ib qho zoo thiab muaj nqis heev.

Yuav kom cov ntshav muaj kev nyab xeeb txhua lub sijhawm, txhua qhov kev pub ntshav yuav raug kuaj seb puas muaj hom ntshav, thiab kuaj seb puas muaj kab mob sib kis xws li AIDS thiab kab mob siab.

Yog li ntawd, yam tseem ceeb tshaj plaws uas peb xav coj los tsev los ntawm zaj dab neeg hnub no yog dab tsi?

Zoo, cia peb rov qab nco txog cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb tshaj plaws uas yuav tsum nco ntsoov los ntawm tag nrho cov lus no:

• Tsis yog txhua tus neeg cov ntshav zoo ib yam. Peb cov hom ntshav yog txiav txim los ntawm cov cim tshwj xeeb, hu ua "Antigens," ntawm peb cov qe ntshav liab.
• Muaj ob hom ntshav tseem ceeb: ABO system (plaub hom A, B, AB, thiab O) thiab Rh system (positive lossis negative). Ob hom ntshav no sib xyaw ua ke los ua 8 hom ntshav.
• Thaum pub ntshav, yuav tsum muaj hom ntshav sib phim. Yog pub hom ntshav tsis raug, ces yuav ua rau muaj kev tsis haum tshuaj loj heev, txawm tias ua rau tuag taus los xij.
• Cov ntshav O negative yeej muab tau rau leej twg los tau (Universal Donor). Cov ntshav AB positive yeej muab tau los ntawm leej twg los tau (Universal Recipient). Qhov no tsim nyog nco ntsoov.
• Hom ntshav tsuas yog ib qho kev hloov pauv ntawm cov noob caj noob ces xwb, zoo li xim qhov muag lossis cov plaub hau. Nws tsis ua rau koj txoj kev noj qab haus huv zoo dua lossis phem dua.
• Kev pub ntshav tuaj yeem cawm tau neeg txoj sia. Yog tias koj ua tau, thiab yog tias koj ua tau raws li qhov tsim nyog, ces pub ntshav. Nws yog ib qho muaj nqis heev thiab zoo kawg nkaus uas koj ua tau.

Yog li, kuv vam tias koj tam sim no muaj kev nkag siab zoo thiab lub tswv yim meej txog cov hom ntshav. Nws tseem ceeb heev kom paub koj cov hom ntshav yog dab tsi. Tej zaum muaj ib hnub nws yuav pab tau rau koj lossis ib tus neeg koj paub. Yog tias koj muaj lus nug ntxiv txog qhov no, tsis txhob yig nug koj tus kws kho mob hauv tsev neeg lossis tsev kho mob.

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Hom Ntshav, Hom Ntshav, ABO, Rh Factor, Kev Pub Ntshav, Kev Hloov Ntshav