Koj tus menyuam puas yug ua ntej lub sijhawm? Yog li ntawd, cia peb kawm txog tus kab mob qhov muag no (Retinopathy of Prematurity - ROP)!

Koj tus me nyuam puas yug ua ntej lub sijhawm? Los yog nws puas rog dhau? Cov menyuam mos no tej zaum yuav muaj teeb meem kev noj qab haus huv me me. Ib qho ntawm lawv yog ib qho mob hu ua Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP), uas yog teeb meem qhov muag. Tsis txhob ntshai thaum koj hnov ​​lub npe no. Cia peb tham txog nws yooj yim, hauv txoj kev uas koj tuaj yeem nkag siab.

Qhov teeb meem qhov muag no uas tshwm sim rau cov menyuam mos yug tsis tau lub sijhawm (Retinopathy of Prematurity - ROP) yog dab tsi?

Hais yooj yim xwb, ROP yog ib yam mob uas cuam tshuam rau qee tus menyuam mos uas yug ua ntej 31 lub lis piam (ua ntej lub sijhawm). Qhov tshwm sim hauv qhov no yog tias cov hlab ntsha tsis zoo tsim nyob rau hauv qhov ntawm tus menyuam lub qhov muag hu ua retina . Xav txog nws zoo li zaj duab xis hauv lub koob yees duab. Thaum lub teeb ntaus lub qhov muag, nws raug hloov mus ua cov teeb liab hluav taws xob thiab xa mus rau lub hlwb los ntawm retina no. Lub hlwb ces siv cov teeb liab ntawd los tsim cov duab rau peb pom. Yog li, kev ua kom lub retina no noj qab nyob zoo yog qhov tseem ceeb heev rau tus menyuam kom pom lub ntiaj teb zoo.

Cov hlab ntsha tshiab, tsis zoo li qub uas tsim nyob rau hauv ROP feem ntau tsis muaj teeb meem dab tsi. Lawv tsis tas yuav kho tshwj xeeb, tsuas yog saib xyuas los ntawm cov kws kho mob xwb. Kwv yees li 90% ntawm cov menyuam mos uas muaj ROP rov zoo yam tsis tas kho mob thiab rov pom kev zoo li qub. Txawm li cas los xij, qee zaum qhov mob no tuaj yeem hnyav dua thiab ua rau tus menyuam tsis pom kev zoo. Hauv cov xwm txheej zoo li no, kev kho mob sai yog qhov tsim nyog los tiv thaiv kev puas tsuaj mus tas li rau lub qhov muag thiab kev tsis pom kev. Yog tias tsis kho, cov mob hnyav ntawm ROP tuaj yeem ua rau dig muag.

Yog vim li ntawd cov kws kho mob thiaj li pom zoo kom kuaj xyuas cov menyuam mos uas muaj feem yuav mob ROP sai li sai tau thaum lawv yug los. Cov kev kuaj no tuaj yeem pab txiav txim siab seb tus menyuam puas muaj cov tsos mob ntawm ROP thiab seb puas xav tau kev kho mob.

Koj tus menyuam tus kws kho mob yuav qhia rau koj paub yog tias koj tus menyuam muaj feem yuav mob ROP thiab thaum twg yuav tsum coj koj tus menyuam mus kuaj. Yuav kom txo tau qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev puas tsuaj loj rau koj tus menyuam lub zeem muag, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum ua raws li lub sijhawm kuaj uas koj tus kws kho mob muab rau koj.

ROP feem ntau tshwm sim li cas?

Yog peb saib cov ntaub ntawv suav hauv lub tebchaws zoo li Tebchaws Meskas, muaj li ntawm 14,000 txog 16,000 tus menyuam mos uas muaj mob ROP txhua xyoo. Ntawm cov no, muaj li ntawm 90% muaj mob ROP me me xwb. Yog li ntawd, lawv tsis tas yuav kho. Txawm li cas los xij, muaj li ntawm 1,100 txog 1,500 tus uas muaj mob ROP hnyav uas xav tau kev kho. Yog li ntawd, muaj li ntawm 400 txog 600 tus menyuam mos uas dig muag raws li txoj cai txhua xyoo. Txawm hais tias cov ntaub ntawv tseeb hauv peb lub tebchaws yuav txawv, qhov no yog qhov xwm txheej uas xav tau kev saib xyuas.

Cov tsos mob ntawm tus menyuam mos uas muaj ROP yog dab tsi?

Feem ntau, koj yuav tsis pom cov tsos mob loj li no tsuas yog saib koj tus menyuam xwb. Tus kws kho qhov muag yog tib tus neeg uas tuaj yeem kuaj mob ROP tau zoo los ntawm kev kuaj xyuas koj tus menyuam lub qhov muag kom zoo (tshwj xeeb tshaj yog txoj kev uas cov hlab ntsha hauv lub retina tau tsim).

Vim li cas qhov ROP no thiaj tshwm sim?

Qhov ua rau muaj ROP yog kev cuam tshuam rau cov txheej txheem ib txwm ntawm kev tsim cov hlab ntsha hauv tus menyuam lub qhov muag.

Xav txog nws, cov hlab ntsha hauv lub retina ntawm lub qhov muag pib tsim qeeb qeeb thaum tus menyuam tseem nyob hauv plab. Cov no tsis tau tsim tag nrho kom txog thaum tus menyuam yug los. Yog li, cov hlab ntsha hauv lub retina ntawm cov menyuam mos yug tsis tau yug tag nrho. Cov hlab ntsha no txuas ntxiv tsim tom qab yug los, tab sis qee zaum lawv tuaj yeem tsim tsis zoo.

Txawm hais tias tsis muaj peev xwm hais meej tias cov menyuam mos twg yuav muaj ROP, cov kws tshawb fawb tau pom tias muaj qee yam ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev muaj ROP.

Cov yam ua rau muaj tus kab mob ROP yog dab tsi?

Muaj ntau yam ua rau muaj tus mob no:

• Kev yug menyuam ua ntej lub sijhawm: Tus menyuam yug ntxov dua, qhov muaj feem yuav mob ROP ntau dua.
• Qhov hnyav thaum yug los yog qis dua 1,500 grams (kwv yees li 1.5 kilograms, lossis li 3.3 phaus).
• Kab mob ua pa nyuaj siab: Ua pa nyuaj tom qab yug los.
• Kev los ntshav hauv lub hlwb (Intracranial hemorrhage).
• Ntau yam kab mob lossis lwm yam teeb meem kev kho mob.

Yog tias koj tus menyuam muaj ib lossis ntau yam ntawm cov yam ntxwv no, koj tus kws kho mob yuav pom zoo kom koj kuaj qhov muag kom paub seb puas muaj cov cim qhia ntawm ROP thaum koj tus menyuam yug los.

Cov teeb meem ntawm tus mob no yog dab tsi?

Yog tias cov mob hnyav ntawm ROP tsis raug kho, qhov mob hu ua retinal detachment tuaj yeem tshwm sim. Qhov no yog thaum tus menyuam lub retina sib cais ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg txhawb nqa nyob ib puag ncig nws. Retinal detachment tuaj yeem ua rau pom kev tsis meej lossis dig muag. Qhov no yog qhov tshwm sim loj tshaj plaws ntawm ROP.

Koj yuav kuaj mob ROP li cas kom raug?

Cov kws kho mob menyuam mos hauv cov chav kho mob menyuam mos feem ntau txheeb xyuas cov menyuam mos uas muaj feem yuav mob ROP. Tom qab ntawd lawv xa tus menyuam mus rau kws kho qhov muag kom kuaj ntxiv.

Thaum lub sijhawm kuaj no (tseem hu ua "kev tshuaj ntsuam"), tus kws kho qhov muag siv cov tshuaj qhov muag los nthuav lub qhov muag ntawm tus menyuam thiab nrhiav cov cim ntawm ROP. Cov duab digital ntawm tus menyuam lub retina kuj tseem yuav raug thaij. Qhov kev kuaj thawj zaug no feem ntau ua tiav ntawm plaub thiab rau lub lis piam tom qab yug los.

Cov qauv rau kev kuaj mob ROP rau cov menyuam mos yuav txawv ntawm ib lub tebchaws mus rau ib lub tebchaws. Hauv cov tebchaws zoo li Tebchaws Meskas, cov menyuam mos feem ntau raug kuaj xyuas rau:

• Cov menyuam mos uas cev xeeb tub tau 30 lub lis piam lossis tsawg dua.
• Cov menyuam mos uas hnyav thaum yug los yog 1,500 grams (3.3 phaus) lossis tsawg dua.
• Cov menyuam mos uas muaj hnub nyoog cev xeeb tub lossis hnyav thaum yug los, tab sis muaj lwm yam ua rau muaj ROP.

Koj tus menyuam yuav tsum tau kuaj ntxiv txhua ib mus rau peb lub lis piam, lossis raws li koj tus kws kho mob teem sijhawm. Kws kho qhov muag ntawm koj tus menyuam yuav qhia rau koj tias cov kev kuaj no tsis tas yuav tsum muaj lawm thaum cov hlab ntsha hauv koj tus menyuam lub retina tau loj hlob tag thiab qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm retina detachment ploj mus.

Yog tus kws kho qhov muag kuaj pom tias tus menyuam muaj ROP, lawv yuav faib tus mob raws li nws qhov hnyav.

Cov theem ntawm ROP yog dab tsi?

Yuav kom paub tseeb tias ROP mob hnyav npaum li cas thiab seb puas xav tau kev kho mob, cov kws kho qhov muag faib ua tsib theem. Theem 1 yog theem tsis hnyav tshaj plaws, thiab theem 5 yog theem hnyav tshaj plaws.

• Theem 1 thiab 2: ROP me me mus rau nruab nrab. Feem ntau cov no yuav zoo dua yam tsis tas kho.
• Theem 3: Ib qho mob ntawm ROP uas yuav xav tau kev kho mob kom tiv thaiv kev puas tsuaj lossis kev tawg ntawm lub retina.
• Theem 4: Mob ROP hnyav heev. Tej zaum ib feem ntawm lub retina yuav tawg lawm. Yuav tsum tau kho sai sai.
• Theem 5: Hom mob ROP hnyav tshaj plaws. Tej zaum lub retina yuav tawg tag. Yuav tsum tau kho sai sai. Txawm tias kho tau lawm los, qhov muag kuj yuav pom kev tsis meej los yog dig muag tau.

Ntxiv rau cov theem no, koj yuav hnov ​​​​ob lo lus ntxiv:

• Aggressive ROP (Aggressive retinopathy of prematurity): Qhov no yog ib hom ROP uas hnyav zuj zus sai heev.
• Kab mob ntxiv: Qhov no yog ib hom kab mob ROP hnyav heev. Ntawm no, cov hlab ntsha hauv lub retina tau nthuav dav thiab nkhaus.

Cov kev kho mob rau ROP yog dab tsi?

Muaj ntau txoj kev kho mob rau ROP:

• Kev kho mob siv laser: Kev kho mob no suav nrog kev siv lub teeb laser rau ntawm ntug sab nraud ntawm tus menyuam lub qhov muag, tsim cov qauv kub hnyiab me me. Cov kub hnyiab no tiv thaiv cov hlab ntsha tsis zoo los ntawm kev tsim. Kev kho mob siv laser muaj txiaj ntsig zoo li 90% hauv kev kho ROP.
• Kev kho mob Anti-VEGF: Qhov no suav nrog kev txhaj tshuaj rau hauv lub qhov muag ntawm tus menyuam. Cov tshuaj no tiv thaiv kev loj hlob ntawm cov hlab ntsha tsis zoo.

Koj tus menyuam tus kws kho qhov muag yuav piav qhia txog qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov kev kho mob no, thiab txoj kev npaj kho mob twg zoo tshaj plaws rau koj tus menyuam.

Tsis txhob txhawj, cov kws kho mob yeej ib txwm sim ua qhov zoo tshaj plaws rau tus menyuam.

Yog tias koj tus menyuam lub retina tau tawg lawm (uas yog, yog tias ROP yog theem 4 lossis 5), koj tus menyuam yuav xav tau kev kho mob ntxiv. Qhov no feem ntau yog ua los ntawm tus kws kho mob tshwj xeeb hauv retina. Piv txwv li, koj tus kws kho mob yuav pom zoo kom phais hu ua vitrectomy .

Thaum twg thiaj kho tau ROP?

Yog tias koj tus menyuam muaj feem yuav mob retinal detachment, lossis yog tias lawv twb mob retinal detachment lawm, lawv yuav tsum tau kho. Kws kho qhov muag ntawm koj tus menyuam yuav txiav txim siab lub sijhawm zoo tshaj plaws rau kev kho mob raws li theem ntawm ROP thiab cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm kev kuaj mob.

Puas tiv thaiv tau ROP?

ROP feem ntau yog tshwm sim los ntawm kev yug ntxov. Yog li ntawd, txhua yam koj ua tau los txo qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev yug ntxov kuj yuav pab txo qhov muaj feem ntawm koj tus menyuam yuav muaj ROP. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev uas yuav tsum nrhiav kev pab kho mob thaum cev xeeb tub thiab ua raws li koj tus kws kho mob cov lus qhia.

Tiam sis, koj yuav tsum nco ntsoov qhov no thiab. Qee zaum, txawm tias koj ua txhua yam koj ua tau los xij, koj yuav tsis muaj peev xwm tiv thaiv kev yug ntxov. Yog tias qhov ntawd tshwm sim, tsis txhob liam koj tus kheej rau qhov ntawd. Ua tsaug rau kev kho mob thiab thev naus laus zis niaj hnub no, txawm tias cov menyuam mos yug ntxov kuj tuaj yeem ua neej noj qab nyob zoo thiab zoo siab.

ROP puas yuav ploj mus?

Feem ntau, ROP zoo dua nws tus kheej yam tsis ua rau lub retina lossis qhov muag puas tsuaj mus tas li. Txawm li cas los xij, cov mob hnyav ntawm ROP yuav tsum tau kho kom tiv thaiv cov teeb meem xws li retina detachment thiab pom kev tsis meej.

Tham nrog koj tus menyuam tus kws kho qhov muag txog hom kev kho mob uas koj tus menyuam yuav xav tau thiab ROP yuav cuam tshuam li cas rau lawv qhov muag pom kev yav tom ntej.

Kuv yuav saib xyuas kuv tus menyuam li cas?

Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws uas koj ua tau yog coj koj tus menyuam mus rau txhua qhov kev kuaj mob uas tus kws kho qhov muag ntawm koj tus menyuam pom zoo. Cov kev kuaj no yog qhov tseem ceeb kom paub txog ROP thaum ntxov thiab pib kho kom txo qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev puas tsuaj rau qhov muag mus tas li.

Cov menyuam mos uas tau kho mob ROP yuav tsum tau mus ntsib kws kho mob thoob plaws lawv lub neej. Cov no tseem ceeb heev rau cov menyuam yaus thaum ntxov. Thaum mus ntsib kws kho qhov muag no, tus kws kho qhov muag ntawm tus menyuam yuav kuaj xyuas seb puas muaj cov hlab ntsha tsis zoo, txawm tias ntau xyoo tom qab kho tau zoo los xij.

Cov menyuam mos uas yug ua ntej lub sijhawm thiab tsis muaj ROP tseem yuav tsum tau kuaj qhov muag tas li. Qhov no yog vim lawv muaj feem yuav mob qhov muag ntau dua. Piv txwv li:

• Amblyopia los yog qhov muag tsis muaj zog
• Strabismus los yog qhov muag sib tshuam
• Mob pob qhov muag

Nug koj tus menyuam tus kws kho qhov muag seb koj tus menyuam yuav tsum tau kuaj qhov muag ntau npaum li cas, thiab ua raws li lub sijhawm ntawd.

Koj yuav tsum nug koj tus kws kho mob li cas?

Yog xav paub ntxiv txog ROP, koj tuaj yeem nug koj tus menyuam cov lus nug txog tus kws kho qhov muag xws li cov no:

• Puas yog kuv tus menyuam muaj feem yuav mob ROP?
• Yuav tsum kuaj kuv tus menyuam rau ROP ntau npaum li cas?
• Thaum twg kuv tus menyuam yuav xav tau kev kho mob?
• Txoj kev kho mob zoo tshaj plaws yog dab tsi?
• Cov txiaj ntsig thiab qhov tsis zoo ntawm kev kho mob yog dab tsi?
• Tom qab kho tas lawm, kuv tus menyuam yuav tsum tau kuaj dab tsi ntxiv?
• Kuv tus menyuam lub siab xav li cas?

Kev nrhiav pom tias koj tus menyuam muaj mob qhov muag tuaj yeem ua rau koj ntxhov siab thiab ntshai. Kev kawm tias koj tus menyuam muaj ROP tuaj yeem ua rau koj ntxhov siab, thiab nws tuaj yeem ua rau koj ntxhov siab dua yog tias koj tus menyuam muaj lwm yam teeb meem kev noj qab haus huv. Nco ntsoov, pab pawg kho mob ntawm koj tus menyuam yeej nyob ntawd los pab koj txhua kauj ruam ntawm txoj kev. Sau koj cov lus nug thiab coj lawv mus rau txhua qhov kev teem sijhawm. Tau txais txhua cov ntaub ntawv koj xav tau los txhawb koj tus menyuam txoj kev noj qab haus huv thaum lub sijhawm tseem ceeb thawj ob peb lub hlis thiab tom qab ntawd.

Hauv kev xaus lus, cov lus coj mus tsev:

Zoo, yog li cia peb rov hais dua cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb tshaj plaws los ntawm qhov peb tau tham txog:

• ROP yog ib qho mob uas feem ntau cuam tshuam rau lub qhov muag ntawm cov menyuam mos uas yug tsis tau hli.
• Feem ntau cov menyuam mos muaj ROP me me thiab zoo dua yam tsis tas kho.
• Txawm li cas los xij, qee zaum mob hnyav heev, qhov muag tsis pom kev tuaj yeem tshwm sim, yog li ntawd kev kuaj pom thiab kho mob thaum ntxov yog qhov tseem ceeb.
• Tsis txhob hla dhau qhov kev kuaj mob ROP uas cov kws kho mob pom zoo. Nws yog txoj hauv kev zoo tshaj plaws los tiv thaiv koj tus menyuam txoj kev pom kev.
• Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev rau txhua tus menyuam mos uas yug tsis tau lub hlis kom kuaj xyuas qhov muag tsis tu ncua , txawm tias lawv muaj ROP lossis tsis muaj.
• Yog koj muaj lus nug lossis kev tsis ntseeg, tsis txhob ntshai tham nrog koj tus menyuam tus kws kho mob.

Peb txhua tus xav kom koj tus me nyuam muaj lub neej yav tom ntej zoo thiab vam meej!

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